1、Unit 1 Great scientistsPeriod Warming Up&Reading_默读文章两次并完成下列任务。Task 1：快速浏览课文“John Snow Defeats King Cholera”并回答下列问题。1How many paragraphs does it contain?It contains 7 paragraphs.2What do we know about John Snow?John Snow attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician andhe found out how“King Chol
2、era”was spread by polluted water._Task 2：仔细阅读课文“John Snow Defeats King Cholera”并填写下表。cause cure Broad Cambridge deaths handle slowed down Polluted absorbed Examine【探究】阅读课文“John Snow Defeats King Cholera”并回答下列问题。1Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first?Neither its cause nor its cure was und
3、erstood.2What happened in London in 1854?Cholera outbreak hit London.3How many people died in 10 days?More than 500.4Which theory did John Snow believe in?People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.Task 1：快速阅读课文“John Snow Defeats King Cholera”，以约 30 词概括文章的大意。提示：本文主要记述了约翰斯诺找到了导致霍乱的原因。
4、霍乱在 19 世纪的伦敦是一种致命的疾病，通过他的努力，霍乱最终得到控制。The main idea of this passage is that John Snow found out thecause of the disease called cholera which was a deadly di-sease inLondon in the 19th century.With Snows great efforts,the diseasewas finally under control.Task 2：仔细阅读课文“John Snow Defeats King Cholera”，选
5、择正确答案。C1.The passage is mainly about _.A.the definition of choleraB.the cause of choleraC.how John Snow defeated choleraD.why cholera had to be defeated2.The word“absorb”in Paragraph 2 means _.CA.useC.take inBattractDconcentrate3.John Snow didnt believe that _.AA.cholera multiplied in the air withou
6、t any reasonB.cholera was spread by germsC.people absorbed cholera into their bodies with their mealsD.people were dead after cholera attacked4.John Snow did some research in several steps EXCEPT _.A.gathering informationDB.looking into the waterC.checking the places where people got waterD.repairin
7、g the pump handleC5.According to the passage,which statement is TRUE?_A.People knew the cause of cholera before John Snow proved it.B.People who lived in Broad Street all died because ofcholera.C.The polluted water carried the disease.D.The water companies were instructed to offer polluted water.Par
8、tMain Idea1(Para.1)John Snow wanted to find out the(1)_ ofthe deadly disease cholera.2(Para.2)Two possible(2)_ explained the cause ofcholera.3(Para.36)John Snow tried to seek the(3)_ and provehis theory.4(Para.7)John Snow succeeded in(4)_“King Cholera”.Task 3：根据课文内容，完成下列表格。cause theories evidence de
9、feating Task 4：复述课文，根据课文内容完成下面语篇。In the times of Queen Victoria,so-called“King Cho-lera”hit Londoners,(1)_ often resulted in large numbers ofdeaths.But nobody could find out the cause of cholera,nor the(2)_ for it.John Snow,who was a well(3)_(know)doctor then,took the(4)_ and wanted to(5)_ theproble
10、m.He gathered (6)_ from the severe choleraoutbreak and finally found it was the(7)_(pollute)waterthat caused cholera.So the(8)_ of all the water supplieswas examined (9)_ (immediate).“King Cholera”was(10)_(defeat)in the end.which cure known challenge solve information polluted source immediately def
11、eatedTask 5：课文佳句背诵。1 But he became inspired when he thought about helpingordinary people _(expose)to cholera.但当他想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。2So many thousands of terrified people died _there was an outbreak.每当(疾病)突发时，总有成千上万惊恐的人死去。3_ the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。exposed every time It seemed that
12、 1put forward 提出 Who put forward a theory about black holes？(教材 P1)谁提出了黑洞理论？put forward 提出(常接 idea，advice，suggestion，offer,put等名词)；提前；把(时钟)往前拨,put away 储存(钱)；放好off(postpone/delay)推迟，延期,put out 熄灭，扑灭He often forgets to put _ the campfires,which caneasily cause fires.It is wise and necessary to put so
13、me money _ forold age.Because of the terrible weather,the flight to Guangzhou hadto be put _.At the meeting,she put _ a piece of advice that thevictim should be taken care of.out away off forward 2conclusion n结论；结束(教材 P1)draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion 得出一个结论in conclusion 最后；总之(相当于 all in
14、all 或者 in a word)come to a conclusion that.得到一个的结论conclude vt.&vi.结束；推断出conclude sth.with.用结束(某事)conclude.from.从中推断出It is difficult _(conclude)how she feelswhen hearing the good news.to conclude Can you draw a more scientific _(conclude)about the problem?The story _(conclude)with the heros death,whi
15、chmakes many readers unsatisfied.从这篇文章我们可以得出一个结论，健康就是财富。_conclusion concludes From this passage we can draw a conclusion that health is wealth.3defeatJOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA”(教材 P2)约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”vt.打败；战胜；使受挫Our men _ in the battle.我军在此战役中受到重创。n失败He was depressed by _.失败让他沮丧。were heavily defeated
16、 his defeat 辨析defeat/beat/windefeat 的宾语是人或集体，尤指在战场上打败敌军或入侵者。beat 的宾语是人或集体，指在游戏或比赛中打败或战胜对手。win 表示“赢得”时，其宾语多为 game,war,prize,match,battle 等词，一般不接人作宾语。They _ the enemy in the battle.他们在战争中打败了敌人。We _ them in the game last Sunday.上个星期天我们在比赛中打败了他们。Our basketball team finally_the match.我们篮球队最终赢得了这场比赛的胜利。de
17、feated beat won 4attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加.so expert,indeed,that he attended Queen Victoria as herpersonal physician.(教材 P2)他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。attend a meeting/conference 出席会议attend a wedding/funeral/ceremony 参加婚礼/葬礼/仪式attend a lecture 听讲座attend school/college 上学/大学attend to sth.注意；关心；仔细考虑She put f
18、orward a suggestion that she stay at home_.她提出一个建议，即由她待在家里照顾生病的孩子。Only a few experts _ this time.只有几位专家出席了这次的医学研讨会。He didnt _ the conclusion that I had drawn.他并不关注我所得出的结论。to attend the sick child attended the medical conference attend to 5expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光But he became inspired when he thought abo
19、ut helpingordinary people exposed to cholera.(教材 P2)但当他想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。expose.to 使 显露；暴露,expose sb.to sth./sb.is exposed tosth.(使)某人受到某事的威胁/影响To those who _，we should notlook down upon them.对那些受到 HIV 威胁的人，我们不应该看不起他们。长时间暴晒在太阳底下对你是有害的。_are exposed to HIV It is harmful for you to expose y
20、ourself to the sunlight for a long time.6cureNeither its cause nor its cure was understood.(教材 P2)人们既不知道它的病因，也不了解它的治疗方法。n治愈；痊愈cure for sth.的疗法Though society is developing fast,there is still_ such a disease.尽管社会发展得很快，但是仍然没有这种疾病的治疗方法。no cure for vt.治愈；治疗 cure sb.of sth.治愈某人的疾病It is said that he _ a c
21、ough in a newmethod.据说他用一种新的方法治好了他的咳嗽。It is not easy for the physicians to _.内科医生要治愈这种严重的疾病不容易。Thegranny_mycoldwithmedicinal herbs.这位老奶奶用草药治好了我的感冒。cured him of cure the severe sickness cured me of 7absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心The second suggested that people absorbed this disease intotheir bodies with their
22、meals.(教材 P2)第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。be absorbed in sth./doing sth.全神贯注于某事/做某事The black dress can easily _ in summer.夏天黑色衣服容易吸热。The project has _.这项工程吸引他好几年了。Mr.Green _ that he didntnotice a man break into his house.格林先生是如此专注于他的工作以致他没有注意到有人破门进入。absorb heat absorbed him for several years was so absor
23、bed in his work 8suspectJohn Snow suspected that the second theory was correct buthe needed evidence.(教材 P2)约翰斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但是他需要证据。vt.认为；怀疑suspect sb.of doing sth./sth.怀疑某人做了某事We _ him _ taking away the paper that mustbe kept secret.我们怀疑他拿走了必须要保密的文件。suspect of n被怀疑者；嫌疑犯 It seems that the man dresse
24、d in blue is _.那个穿蓝色衣服的男人似乎是嫌疑犯。拓展：写出下列相似单词的中文意思inspect(v.)_suspect(v.)_respect(v.)_the suspect 怀疑视察尊敬9enquiry n询问；调查；研究So when another outbreak hit London in 1854,he was ready tobegin his enquiry.(教材 P2)因此，在 1854 年伦敦再次爆发霍乱时，约翰斯诺着手准备对此进行调研。make an enquiry about 打听make an enquiry into 调查，研究I have bee
25、n _ about the suggestionthe expert put forward.我一直在打听这位专家提出的建议。过多地调查出席这次会议的专家是不礼貌的。(it isadj.to make enquiries into sth.)_making some enquiries It is impolite to make too many enquiries into the experts whoattend the meeting.10blameIt seemed that the water was to blame.(教材 P2)看来水是罪魁祸首。vt.责备；谴责blame
26、sb.for(doing)sth.责备某人(做了)某事be to blame(for sth.)应受谴责；该承担责任According to John Snow,the polluted water was _for the outbreak of cholera.根据约翰斯诺(的看法)，污水是霍乱爆发的罪魁祸首。to blame You can not _ your failure of thisexam.你不能因为考试失败而责备其他人。n过失；责备He _ for his stubborn attitude.他的顽固态度招致了许多责备。11linkIn another part of Lo
27、ndon,he found supporting evidence fromtwo other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.(教材 P3)在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。blame others for got much blame vt.连接；联系(相当于 connect,join)link.to.把与联系或连接起来This camera can _ a computer.这部照相机能够和电脑连接起来。n环节；纽带；关系(相当于 connection,joint)a
28、link with.和的一个联系或纽带The presidents visit set up _ the twocountries.总统的拜访建立了这两个国家的联系。The department is interested in developing closer_ the industry.这个部门对与工业发展更紧密的联系很有兴趣。be linked to a link between links with 12announce vt.宣布；通告 With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announcewith certainty tha
29、t polluted water carried the virus.(教材 P3)有了这个特别的证据，约翰斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种污染了的水携带着病菌。辨析announce/declare/state/claimannounce 指发布公众感兴趣的事，所涉及的内容通常是别人不知道的事，含有“预告”的意思。declare 意为“声称；断言”，指在公开场合强调性、权威性地宣称，尤指官方的声明，所涉及的事情不一定是别人不知道的。state 指“陈述；声明”，是书面或正式表达。claim 多指提反对意见时的“声称；断言”。He _ that he was going to investigate
30、this new case.他宣布他准备调查这个新案件。The new government _ that they wont admit orcontinue any old treaties.新的政府声称他们不会承认或者继续任何旧的条约。The notice _clearly that chickens are not allowed tobe raised in this community.布告明确地声明在这个社区不能养鸡。He _ that the victim was not given right treatment.他声称这位受害者没有得到正确的处理。announced dec
31、lares states claimed 13prevent vt.阻碍；阻止To prevent this from happening again,John Snow suggestedthat the source of all the water supplies be exa-mined.(教材 P3)为了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。prevent/stop.from 阻止发生To prevent the drinking water _，the government suggests that nobody should throw any waste
32、intothe river.为防止饮用水受到污染，政府建议任何人不许向河里扔垃圾。from being polluted _，our country has carried out laws to punish those who destroy publicproperty on purpose.为了阻止这种事故再次发生，国家已经出台了法律去处罚那些故意破坏公共财物的人。To prevent/stop this accident from happening again Experts suggested that young people_ (be)responsible for thei
33、r behaviors.The expression on his face suggested that he_(be)willing to help the poor.I suggested that the advice he put forward _(discuss)a second time.(should)be was(should)be discussed 14suggest vt.建议；提议；暗示；表明(1)意为“建议；提议”时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即谓语部分是“should动词原形”，should 可以省略。原句中的 be examined 前就省略了 should。
34、(2)意为“暗示；表明”时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。本课时单词拓展单词构词法小结conclude vt.&vi.结束；推断出conclusion n结论；结束1.-sion、-tion 和-ment 为名词后缀，表示“动作，状态，结果”。如：investment 投资；construction 建设；decision 决定。2-ist 为名词后缀，表示“从事研究者，信仰主义者”。如：physicist 物理学家；idealist理想主义者。scientific adj.科学的scientist n科学家science n科学pollute vt.污染；弄脏pollution n污染instr
35、uct vt.命令；指示；教导instruction n命令；指示；教导announce vt.宣布；通告announcement n通告；布告characteristic n特征；特性 adj.显著的；独特的character n特性；特征；(人的)品质；性格3-istic 为形容词后缀，表示“关于的，属于的，主义的”。如：humanistic 人道主义的；realistic 现实主义的。4-al 为形容词后缀，表示“有属性的，有性质的”。如：natural自然的；central中心的。5-hood 为名词后缀，表示“身份，资格，时间，集体，状态”。如：childhood童年；brother
36、hood兄弟般的关系。6-er 为名词后缀，表示行为者。如：writer 作家；singer 歌手。physician n医生；内科医师physical adj.身体的；物理的neighbourhood n附近；邻近neighbour n邻居painter n画家；油漆匠paint n油漆；涂料v油漆；绘画painting n(一幅)画；绘画(艺术)续表运用用所给单词的适当形式填空1We can safely draw some _ from our discussionand we _ that we can defeat cholera.(conclude)2Nowadays,the _
37、is developing fast and we oughtto know something about _ research,although we arenot _.(scientific)3 The river has been _ by toxic(有 毒 的)waterfrom local factories and the people nearby are severely affected bythe _.(pollute)4What Mr.Zhang _ made sense.Whats more,hismethod of _ was most agreeable.(in
38、struct)conclusions conclude science scientific scientists polluted pollution instructed instruction 5The CEO made an _ that no one was allowedto _ this news to the public.(announce)6His method of writing was _ and his _was revealed in his writing.(character)7 The _ says his _ condition is not sosati
39、sfactory.(physical)8My _ are very kind and I am happy to live in afriendly _.(neighbour)9He loved _ and began to _ horses as achild.After twenty years,he became a famous _.(paint)announcement announce characteristic character physician physical neighbours neighbourhood painting paint painter 1 So ma
40、ny thousands of terrified people died every time therewas an outbreak.(教材 P2)每当(疾病)突发时，总有成千上万惊恐的人死去。every time 引 导 的 是 一 个 时 间 状 语 从 句，意 为“每当”，相当于 when。类似的可引导时间状语从句的短语还有：each time 每次；每当at the time 在时候any/next/the first/the last time 任何一次/下一次/第一次/最后一次the moment/the minute/the instant/immediately/inst
41、antly一就_ I put forward an idea,he wasalways against me.每当我提出一个观点，他总是反对。I fell in love with her _I saw her.我一看到她，就爱上她了。我每次看电影2012都感到害怕。_Every/Each time I would feel terrified every time I saw 2012.the moment/the minute/the instant/immediately/instantly2It seemed that the water was to blame.(教材 P2)看来水
42、是罪魁祸首。It seems that.sb./sth.seems to.，意为“似乎”。在句中，it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 that 从句。_how to cure the disease.似乎没有人知道如何治愈这种疾病。似乎还没有人得出结论。_It seems that no one knows/No one seems to know It seems that no one has drawn a conclusion yet./No one seems to have drawn a conclusion yet.1 He became interested in two the
43、ories that possibly explainedhow cholera killed people.(教材 P2)他对霍乱置人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。分析：本句是一个主从复合句，主句是“主系表结构”。主句的主语是_，系动词是_，表语是_，_作介词 in 的宾语。从句是由 that引导的修饰 theories 的_从句，从句中又包含了由how 引导的放在动词 explain 后的宾语从句。he became interested two theories 定语2In two particular streets,the cholera outbreak was so severe t
44、hatmore than 500 people died in ten days.(教材 P2)在霍乱严重的两条街道上，10 天之内就有 500 多人死去。分析:本句是一个“主系表结构”的句子。_放句首作地点状语，本句的主语是_，系动词是_，表语是_，本句包含一个“so.that.”句型，意为_。in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was severe 如此以致 3 A woman,who had moved away from Broad Street,liked thewater from the pump so much that she had it deli-vered to herhouse every day.(教材 P3)有一位从宽街搬过来的妇女，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里。分析：(1)本句是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是_，谓语是_，宾语是_，从句是由 who 引导的修饰 woman 的_从句。本句同样包含一个“so.that.”句型。(2)have sth.done 常表示“让某人干某事”或“主语遭受某种不幸”，宾语 sth.后接过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语与宾语补足语之间是_关系。a woman liked the water 定语动宾