1、Unit 1 Past and present第4课时 Study skills& Integrated skills &Task1. New words and phrases: environment, condition, return, last, abroad, primary, communicate, communication, exactly, transport, go abroad, keep in touch with, primary school2. New structures: 1) The Internet makes communication much e
2、asier.2) . has changed a lot over the years.3) Many changes have taken place in .4) People are enjoying a . life.5) There were only . in the past, but now .重难单词与词形（性）变换1.past(n.)过去present (n.)现在，目前2communicate(vi.&vt.)交流，交际communication (n.)交流，交际3exactly adv.正是exact (形容词)4. present n.现在，目前礼物，礼品n.含义颁
3、发，授予v.含义当前的adj.含义（一词多义）5.最近,上一次last 6.到(在)国外abroad 7.小学教育的primary 8.vi.&vt.交流,交际communicate 9.n.交流,交际communication 10.正是,没错exactly 11.狭窄的narrow 12.环境environment 13.交通车辆transport 14.环境,条件condition15.返回return 经典短语默写1.当地的人民local people 2.出国go abroad 3.在小学at primary school 4.相互保持联系keep in touch with eac
4、h other 5.习惯于做某事be/get used to doing sth 6.开阔的空地open space 7.在路的两边on both sides of the road 8.享受舒适的生活enjoy a comfortable life 重难句型过关1.我不得不花费比以前更多的时间在我的家庭作业上。I have to spend more time on my homework thanbefore. 2.现在大街上宽敞又干净,路两边有许多绿色的树木。Now the streets are wide and clean,with many green trees on both
5、sides. 3.他们过去在空闲时间听收音机或看电视,但是现在大部分的家庭有电脑和网络。They used to listen to the radio or watch TV in their free time ,but now most families have computers and the Internet. 4.在过去,人们步行或骑车逛镇子,但是现在他们乘公交车或打的到处逛逛。In the past, people travelled around the town on foot or by bicycle, but now they can go around by bu
6、s or taxi. 【经典句型重现一】I have to spend more time on my homework. 我不得不花费比以前更多的时间来做作业。spend：vt. “花费”。Sb. spend(s) some time/money on sth. “某人在某物上花费时间/金钱。”Sb. spend(s) some time/money doing sth. “某人花费时间/金钱做某事。”【牛刀小试】（1）You should spend some time (read) aloud every day if you want to learn English well.【答案
7、】reading【详解】句意：如果你想学好英语，你应该每天花点时间大声朗读。根据“spend some time”可知，这里表示“花费时间做某事”，英文表达为：spend time (in) doing sth。因此横线处应填read的动名词形式reading，故填reading。（2）How much time does Quan Hongchan spend (practise) swimming every day?【答案】practising【详解】句意：全红婵每天花多长时间练习游泳？spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”，固定搭配。故填practising。【经典
8、句型重现二】Today I borrowed a book about Starlight Towns past and present. 今天，我借了一本关于星光城的过去和现在的书。borrow：vt. “借，借入”。 borrow sth. from. “从借来某物”lend “借出，借给”。 lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. “借给某人某物”keep “借”（延续性动词）。 keep sth. for. “借某物多长时间”【牛刀小试】（1） Oh, my God! I left my math book at my bedroom. It doesnt m
9、atter. Ill _ you mine.AlendBborrowCkeepDreturn【答案】A【详解】句意：哦，天啊！我把我的数学书落在了我的卧室。没关系，我将把我的借给你。考查动词辨析。lend借出；borrow借入；keep保管；return归还。根据“It doesnt matter. Ill.you mine.”可知，此处指把我的数学书借给你，借出去用lend。故选A。（2）Sally, could you _ me your camera?Sorry, Jack. Mine is broken. You can _ Amys.Akeep; borrowBborrow; len
10、dClend; borrowDlend; keep【答案】C【详解】句意：Sally，你能把你的照相机借给我吗？抱歉Jack。我的照相机坏了。你可以借Amy的。考查动词辨析。keep保留；borrow借入；lend借出。第一空，主语you是借出，用lend；第二空主语You是借入，用borrow。故选C。【经典句型重现三】I hope I can visit it again. 我希望我能再次参观这座城镇。hope：vt. “希望”。 hope to do sth. “希望做某事”； hope + that从句 “希望”。I hope so./I hope not “但愿如此。/但愿不会。”【
11、牛刀小试】（1）We hope you _ us how to use a computer.Awill teachBto teachCteachingDtaught【答案】A【详解】句意：我们希望你教我们怎样使用计算机。考查宾语从句中时态的用法。此句hope后面是省略了that的宾语从句，如果主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况来定时态，既然是表达希望，说明事情未发生，故从句用一般将来时。故选A。（2）This is Annie speaking. May I speak to Sally?_ I can take a message for you.AI hope not.BIm sorry t
12、o hear that.CSorry, she isnt here now.【答案】C【详解】句意：我是安妮。我可以和萨莉说话吗？对不起，她现在不在。我可以给你留个口信。考查情景交际。I hope not.我希望不是；Im sorry to hear that.听到这个很难过；Sorry, she isnt here now.对不起，她现在不在这儿。根据“I can take a message for you”可知，此处是“对不起，她现在不在”。故选C。【经典句型重现四】Shes just returned from the USA. 她刚从美国回来。return：vi. “返回”，不可与b
13、ack连用（= come/go back）。return from. “从回来”； return to sp. “回到某地”。vt. “归还”。 return sth. to sb. “把某物还给某人”。【牛刀小试】（1）We will _ to our hometown this summer. We have been away for two years.AreturnBleaveCcollectDarrive【答案】A【详解】句意：今年夏天我们将回到家乡。我们已经离开两年了。考查动词辨析。return返回；leave离开；collect收集；arrive到达。根据“We will.to
14、 our hometown this summer. We have been away for two years.”可知，目前说话者离开家乡在异地，将来要“返回”家乡，return to“返回；回到”。故选A。（2）When Mr Jiang _ home _ work, his flat would be as good as new.Areturns back; fromBreturns to; atCreturned; fromDreturned to; at【答案】C【详解】句意：当江先生下班回家时，他的公寓简直焕然一新。考查动词短语。return back无此用法；return.
15、from从返回；return to回到。home为地点副词，前面一般不用介词，排除BD选项；return归还，不与back同时使用，排除A选项。故选C。【经典句型重现五】Now I go to school by bus on my own. 现在我肚子乘公共汽车去上学。on ones own：“独自；独立”= by oneself = alone。own作形容词，“自己的”。作动词，“拥有”。作名词，of ones own “某人自己的”。owner n. “主人”。【牛刀小试】（1）You need to cook the meal by yourself.Awith some helpB
16、on your ownCby your sideDfor yourself【答案】B【详解】句意：你需要自己做饭。考查介词短语。with some help在帮助下；on your own靠你自己；by your side在你旁边；for yourself给你自己。by yourself意为“靠你自己”，on your own与之同义，故选B。（2）Joes family (own) a big farm years ago.【答案】owned【详解】句意：乔的家庭在几年前拥有了一个大农场。根据“years ago”可知，句子要用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，故填owned。【经典句型重现六】
17、She went abroad with her parents. 她与父母一起出国了。abroad：adv. “在国外，到国外”，前面不加介词。 at home and abroad “国内外”； go abroad “出国”。【牛刀小试】（1）Mr. Liu, have you ever _ abroad?Yes, Ive _ Singapore once.Abeen; been toBgone; been inCbeen; gone to【答案】A【详解】句意：刘先生，你去过国外吗？ 是的，我去过新加坡一次。考查动词时态辨析。have been to去过（已经回来），而have gone
18、 to表示“去了还未回来”。根据语境，第一空应为have been abroad，表曾经去过国外；第二个空，根据“Singapore once.”可知，去过新加坡一次，也用have been to。故选A。（2）When did your brother go _?Last year. He went to England and will be back next month.AabroadBhomeCupstairs【答案】A【详解】句意：你哥哥什么时候出国的？去年。他去了英国，下个月回来。考查副词辨析。abroad在国外；home在家；upstairs在楼上。根据“He went to
19、England”可知，此处是指去国外，go abroad“出国”。故选A。【经典句型重现七】So how do you keep in touch with each other? 那你们是如何保持联系的呢？keep in touch with sb. “和某人保持联系”get/be in touch with sb. = stay in touch with sb. “与保持联系”反义：be out of touch “失去联系”【牛刀小试】（1）Nowadays many people like to keep in touch with _ friends online.AtheyBth
20、emCtheirDtheirs【答案】C【详解】句意：现在很多人喜欢在网上与朋友保持联系。考查代词用法。they他们，主格；them他们，宾格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；theirs他们的，名词性物主代词。结合选项分析句子可知，此空修饰名词friends作定语，应用形容词性物主代词。故选C。（2）Do you often _ your old friends?Not very often. We are all busy with our own life.Alook forward toBkeep in touch withCmake fun of【答案】B【详解】句意：你经常和你
21、的老朋友保持联系吗？不是很经常。我们都忙于我们自己的生活。考查动词短语。look forward to期盼；keep in touch with保持联系；make fun of开玩笑。根据“We are all busy with our own life.”可知，此处指的是忙于自己的生活，所以没有和老朋友经常保持联系。故选B。【经典句型重现八】We mainly communicate by email. 我们主要通过电子邮件交流。communicate：vi. “交流，交际”。 communicate with sb. “与某人交流”。communication n. “交流”。 have
22、 communication with sb. “与某人交流”。【牛刀小试】（1）Good (communicate) is the key to a good relationship.【答案】communication【详解】句意：好的交流是一个好的关系的关键。空处作主语，用名词形式。communicate的名词形式是communication。故填communication。（2）Sara is not popular among her classmates because she doesnt know how (communicate) with them.【答案】to commu
23、nicate【详解】句意：Sara在同学中不受欢迎，因为她不知道如何与他们交流。communicate“交流”，此处是结构“疑问词+动词不定式”。故填to communicate。【经典句型重现九】The Internet makes communication much easier. 互联网使交流更方便了。make sth./sb. + adj. “使某物/某人”【牛刀小试】（1）Sam is naughty at school and he always makes his mother (sadness).【答案】sad【详解】句意：Sam在学校很淘气，他总是让他妈妈伤心。make s
24、b adj表示“让某人怎样”，因此填形容词sad“伤心的”。故填sad。（2）Spending too much time on TV can make you (bore).【答案】bored【详解】句意：花太多时间看电视会让你感到无聊。make sb. adj.表示“使某人”，形容词作宾补；再根据“you”可知，形容人的感受应用-ed结尾的形容词；bored“无聊的”，符合语境。故填bored。【经典句型重现十】Many changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的家乡已经发生了许多变化。take place：“发生”（非偶然性）；“举行”happ
25、en：“发生”（偶然性事件）。 happen to sb./sth. “（不好的事情）发生在某人/物身上”注意：表示“发生”时均无被动语态。【牛刀小试】（1）Our school sports meeting takes place at the end of October every year. The underlined part means _.AhappensBis heldCis happenedDholds【答案】B【详解】句意：我们学校的运动会每年十月底举行。划线部分的意思是发生。考查同义词替换。happens发生，是happen的第三人称单数形式；is held被举行，是一
26、般现在时的被动语态；is happened结构错误，happen没有被动语态；holds举办，是hold的第三人称单数形式。take place在此处表达“举行，举办”的意思。主语“Our school sports meeting”与谓语动词“举办”之间构成被动关系，故选B。（2）Great changes have (take) place in the past 20 years.【答案】taken【详解】句意：在过去的20年里发生了巨大的变化。根据“in the past 20 years”可知，时态用现在完成时，结构为“have done”，take过去分词为taken。故填take
27、n。【经典句型重现十一】The new shopping mall is a good place to have fun. 这家新的购物中心是一个玩乐的好地方。have fun：“玩得高兴”。 have fun (in) doing sth. “在做某始终享受乐趣”。= have a good/great/wonderful time = enjoy oneself【牛刀小试】（1） We are going to have a school trip next week. _AThats all right.BHave fun.CIm sorry to hear that.DThats f
28、or sure.【答案】B【详解】句意：我们下星期要去学校旅行。玩得高兴。考查情景交际。Thats all right没关系；Have fun玩得高兴；Im sorry to hear that很抱歉听到这个消息；Thats for sure那是肯定的。根据“We are going to have a school trip next week.”可知，对方要去旅行，应表示祝愿，故选B。（2）I have fun (play) basketball with my classmates after school. 【答案】playing【详解】句意：放学后，我和同学们一起玩篮球玩得很开心。h
29、ave fun doing sth.“做某事玩得很开心”，空处应是playing，动名词作宾语。故填playing。【经典句型重现十二】It is not easy to get used to the changes of life quickly. 很快适应生活的变化不容易。get used to：“习惯于，适应于”。 get/be used to doing sth. “习惯于做某事”。【牛刀小试】（1）My brother used to ride a bike to school, but now he is used to (walk) there.【答案】walking【详解】句
30、意：我哥哥过去常常骑自行车上学，但现在他习惯了步行去那里。be used to doing sth“习惯做某事”，可知填动名词。故填walking。（2）There _ a lot of trees here, but now it has become desert.AisBareCused to beDused to being【答案】C【详解】句意：以前这里有很多树，但现在它已经变成沙漠了。考查there be句型。is主语是第三人称单数或不可数名词时；are主语是第二人称或者第一人称和第三人称的复数形式时；used to be过去是；used to being错误表达。there be
31、表示某处有某物，根据“but now it has become desert.”可知，现在它已经变成了沙漠，那么前面的句子说的是过去这里有许多树，表示过去怎么样用used to do sth.，后跟there be句型中的系动词原形be。故选C。一、单项选择1My uncle will_home from the USA tomorrow.Areturn backBreturn back toCreturn toDreturn【答案】D【详解】句意：我的叔叔明天会从美国回家。考查副词用法。home表示“家”，是地点副词，前面不加介词，B和C选项均以介词结尾，排除。A选项通常用go back表
32、示。故选D。【点睛】一般地讲，home跟在介词后面、及物动词后面，或者前面有物主代词时是名词。如：at home在家；left home离开家；my home我的家。home跟在不及物动词后面时，是副词。地点副词，前面不加介词。2-When did you _ see your old friends?-About three years ago.AfinallyBbeforeClastDend【答案】C【详解】句意：你最后一次见到你的老朋友是什么时候？大约三年前。A. finally最后；终于；B. before以前；C. last 最后地；上次，最近，最后一次，；D. end末端，结束，名
33、词或动词。根据句意可知选C。点睛：finally= lastly= at last：最后，终于。而last一般表示上次，最近。3-Have you got an e-mail from Millie?-_. No news is good news.AYes, I haveBNever mindCNo problemDNo, I havent【答案】D【详解】句意：-你收到米莉的电子邮件了吗？-不，我没有。没有消息就是好消息。现在完成时的一般疑问句Have you？回答是Yes, I have.(肯定回答)和No, I havent.（否定回答）。根据“没有消息就是好消息。”可知没收到，故选D
34、。4More and more people mainly communicate _.Aon emailBby emailCin the InternetDthrough email【答案】B【详解】句意：越来越多的人主要通过电子邮件交流。短语by email：通过电子邮件； A、C和D介词用错了，在网络上是on the Internet；结合句意可知选B。 5My uncle got married _ 2010 and he has had a happy family _ 2010.Ain; inBsince; sinceCin; sinceDsince; in【答案】C【详解】句意：
35、我叔叔2010结婚，从2010起他就有一个幸福的家庭。in+哪一年，哪一月等过去的时间段，用一般过去式，根据and前句子的时态是过去式，可知填in；since+过去的时间点：表示自从以来，用现在完成时，根据and后句子时态现在完成时可知填since；故选C。6Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _ what happened to him.AknewBhave knownCmust knowDwill know【答案】B【详解】句意：他的父母看起来都很伤心。也许他们知道他发生了什么。考查现在完成时。结合句意可知，父母之所以伤心，是因为他们知道了他的事情，
36、表示过去发生的事对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。故选B。7He has studied in our school _.Asince five yearsBfor five yearsCfor five years agoDin five years【答案】B【详解】句意：他在我们学校学习了五年。1. Since +过去的时间点或一般过去式的句子：表示自以来，用于现在完成时，A.选项since后面是时间段，故A错。2. in+时间段：表示再过这段时间，用于一般将来时，本句是现在完成时，故D不能选。3.for+时间段，表示做某事做了多长时间了，用于现在或过去完成时，C选项for后面是时间点，故
37、C错，B选项for后面是时间段，故B正确；故选B。8Nice to see you again. I _ you for a long time.Ahadnt seenBhavent seenCdidnt seeDdont see【答案】B【详解】句意：很高兴再见到你。好久不见。A. hadnt seen过去完成时；B. havent seen现在完成时；C. didnt see一般过去式；D. dont see一般现在时。for+时间段，表示做某事做了多长时间了，用于现在或过去完成时，根据for a long time可知此句时态用完成时，结合上句Nice to see you again.
38、是一般现在时，可知此句时态是现在完成时；故选B。9Students in Beijing_ away many books to the Hope Schools since 2009Ahave givenBgiveCgaveDgiving【答案】A【详解】句意：自2009以来，北京学生向希望学校赠送了许多书。since+过去的时间点，用现在完成时，根据since 2009可知此句时态用现在完成时；故选A。10He used to _ in a small village, but now he has been used to _ in a big city.Alive; livingBli
39、ve; liveCliving; livingDliving; live【答案】A【详解】句意：他过去住在一个小村庄，但现在他已经习惯住在大城市了。考查动词形式辨析。used to do过去常常做某事（现在不做了），be used to doing习惯于做某事，都是固定结构。but表转折，根据句意语境，可知前句说过去的习惯，后句是现在的习惯，故选A。二、阅读理解My grandfather is eighty years old. He always complains about how fast things have changed, and he often says that lif
40、e used to be better. Families arent what they used to be. A lot of families have broken up. If the husband and wife have problems with their marriage, they no longer stay together. And mothers used to stay at home and take care of their children, but now everyone is busy working. No one has time to
41、look after children at home.And the cars! No one walks anymore; more and more people drive. We used to walk five miles to school on schooldays, even in winter. But now students dont. And in school, children dont have to think anymore. In maths class, for example, we used to add, subtract, multiply a
42、nd divide (加减乘除) by using our heads. But now kids dont use their heads anymore; instead, they use calculators (计算器).Most families have computers and there are lights at home now. In the past we didnt have computers. We didnt even have lights. My mother used to spend all day cooking in the kitchen. B
43、ut now we dont often eat home-cooked food.And people talk less to each other than before. They are too busy to talk, too busy to eat, too busy to think.Life used to be simple, but it isnt simple anymore.11What does my grandfather think of the life now?AHe thinks the life now is very good.BHe thinks
44、the life now is worse than it used to be.CHe thinks the life now is better than it used to be.DHe thinks the life now is the same as it used to be.12What does the underlined word “marriage” mean in Chinese?A生活B工作C婚姻D家庭13What has happened these years according to the passage?AChildren dont have to th
45、ink anymore in school.BStudents use calculators in maths class.CStudents used to walk to school, but now they dont.DAll of the above.14What changes have happened to families? There are lights at home. People often eat home-cooked food. Lots of families have computers. More couples (夫妇) live apart be
46、cause of unhappy problems.ABCD15Which is TRUE according to the passage?ALife now is much simpler.BPeople have more time to talk with each other now.CThe grandfather only complains and pays no attention to the better life now.DLots of mothers stay at home and look after their children now.【答案】11B 12C
47、 13D 14D 15C【详解】文章主要讲述了自己80岁爷爷对现如今生活的抱怨，总感觉没有以前的美好、温暖了，婚姻的破裂，现代科技使人们距离渐行渐远，亲情淡漠等。11推理判断题。根据第一段末句“he often says that life used to be better”可知，他经常说过去的生活更好，也就是他认为现在的生活比过去的差。故选B。12词义猜测题。根据关键词“husband and wife”可知，夫妻关系是靠婚姻维系的，所以该句表示“如果夫妻在婚姻中出现问题，他们就不会再在一起了”，所以marriage意为“婚姻”。故选C。13细节理解题。根据第三段中“And in scho
48、ol, children dont have to think anymore.”，“ they use calculators ”以及“We used to walk five miles to school on schooldays, even in winter. But now students dont. ”可知，A、B、C三项的内容都有提及。故选D。14推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“But now we dont often eat home-cooked food.”可知，与文意不符，而在文中均被提及。故选D。15推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文全篇都是祖父对现在生活的不满和抱
49、怨，但他并没有注意到现在生活中好的方面，所以C项的叙述是正确的。故选C。三、单词拼写用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空16How lucky we are (1ive)in this modern city! Everything is fast17Tom gets used to (walk)to school every day18Things (change)a lot during the past few years19Modern technologies make (communicate)much faster and easier20Great improvements (tak
50、e)place in those villages in the last ten years21The film shows us a war that happened (century) ago.22The changes to Moonlight Town (bring) many problems.23-You mean Mr. Clark wants to sell the house and move to London.- (exact).24There were two shoe (factory)in our hometown five years ago-25The li
51、ttle boy used to (cry) when he was a baby.【答案】16to live 17walking 18have changed 19communication 20have taken 21centuries 22have brought 23exactly 24factories 25cry【解析】16句意：我们住在这个现代化的城市多幸运啊！一切都很快。are是这个句子的谓语，一句话不能有两个动词作谓语，后面再跟动词用非谓语形式，一般用动词不定式，本句是动词不定式做表语补足语，故填to live。17句意：汤姆习惯每天步行上学。短语get used to d
52、oing sth.：习惯于做某事；根据句意可知填walking。18句意：在过去的几年里情况发生了很大的变化。during the past +时间段：在过去的一段时间里，用于现在完成时；故填have changed。19句意：现代技术使交流变得更快、更容易。make动词，后面跟名词形式，communicate交流，动词，它的名词communication（作为交流的意思是不可数名词）；根据句意可知填communication。20句意：在过去的十年里，这些村庄发生了很大的改进。in the last+时间段：在过去的这段时间里，此句时态用现在完成时；根据句意可知填have taken。21句
53、意：这部电影向我们展示了一场几百年前发生的战争。短语centuries ago：几个世纪之前；根据句意可知填centuries。22句意：月光镇的变化已经带来了许多问题。根据语境和句意（变化应发生过去，问题是对现在的影响，需用现在完成时）可知用现在完成时；故填 have brought。23句意：-你是说克拉克先生想卖掉房子搬到伦敦去？-完全正确。exact：准确的，精密的；精确的，形容词；它的副词是exactly：就是这样；完全准确，精确地，准确地，确切地。本句是省略句，省略I _mean，应用副词修饰动词mean，故填exactly。24句意：五年前我们家乡有两家鞋厂。数词two后面跟可数
54、名词复数；故填factories。25句意：那个小男孩小时候常常哭。短语used to do sth.：曾经做某事，过去常常做某事；根据句意可知填cry。四、书面表达26某英文报举办以“家乡的变化”为主题的征文活动。请你根据下表提示，以“The changes in my hometown”为题，用英语写一篇90词左右的短文。过去1生活贫困，房屋破旧；2污染严重，垃圾满地；3交通不便，游客很少。现在1生活：住房宽敞明亮，许多人有自己的汽车；2环境：山更绿，水更清，天更蓝；3旅游：每年有成千上万来自世界各地的游客。将来注意事项：1.短文的标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数；2.表格中省略号处须用12
55、句话作适当发挥。参考词汇：方便的convenientThe changes in my hometownIn the past, my hometown was very small. _【参考范文】The changes in my hometownIn the past, my hometown was very small. People lived a poor life. The houses were old. The pollution was serious, and there was rubbish everywhere. The traffic was not very
56、convenient so few people came here.Now great changes have taken place here. The environment has become more beautiful. The mountains have turned greener, the rivers are cleaner and the sky is bluer. People live a better life. Their houses are large and bright. Many people have their own cars. Every
57、year, thousands of people from all over the world come to visit my hometown.Im sure my hometown will become better and better in the future.【详解】1.题干解读：本文以“The changes in my hometown”为题并结合题干中表格里的内容介绍自己家乡的变化，可适当增加细节。2.写作指导：本文以一般现在时和一般过去时为主。文章分为三段，第一段主要描述家乡过去的情况；第二段描述家乡现在的情况；第三段表达愿望。写作时运用不同的句式和短语使文章层次清晰、逻辑清楚，做到无单词拼写和语法错误。
