1、选择性必修四 Unit 2 Iconic Attractions 单元语法及写作一、 单元语法：被动语态语法归纳：1. Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, its often informally referred to as “down under”.2.Im more interested in meeting people in Australia and experiencing their culture, food, and way of life.3. Most
2、 of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo.4. A skilled player can play for a long time without stopping to breathe.5. I tried to learn how to play it, but after trying for hours, I was convinced that I c
3、ould never make a musical sound with this instrument!6. Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture, minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture, with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants.【自我总结】 以上句子中, 句1中为过
4、去分词短语作状语,通常放于_; 句2和句5中为过去分词作_;句4中为单个的过去分词作定语, 常常放于被修饰名词的_;句3中为过去分词短语作定语, 常常放于被修饰名词的_;句6中为过去分词短语作_。 过去分词(past participle) 是非谓语动词中分词的一种,英文缩写(PP),规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加-ed构成,也有一些不规则变化,过去分词在句中常常可以作定语、表语、宾补还有状语。1. 作定语：过去分词(past participle) 是非谓语动词中分词的一种,英文缩写(PP),规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加-ed构成,也有一些不规则变化,过去分词在句中常常可以作定语、表语
5、、宾补还有状语。a. Lost time (Time which is lost) can never be found again. (前置定语)b. Everything used should be marked. (后置定语)注意：(1)不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”的意义。如:falling leaves (表正在进行)fallen leaves(表完成)the exploded bomb a retired miner (2)learn, light都有两种形式的过去分词,但作定语时,只能用拼写较长的过去分词。如:a learned lawyer a l
6、ighted lamp 2. 作表语：过去分词作表语时,总是在系动词(如be, appear, feel, remain, seem, look等) 之后,构成系表结构。特别要注意在与be动词连用时,要注意区分是“系表结构”还是“被动语态”,作表语的过去分词表示状态,而被动语态中的过去分词表示动作。如:a. All the doors are locked. b. He felt thoroughly broken down. 3. 作宾语补足语： 1). 过去分词可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find,
7、think, suppose, consider等。 I have never heard him spoken ill of by others.2). 过去分词可作使役动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave等。 I have my hair cut once a month. 3). 过去分词可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括like, want, wish, expect, order等。 He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting.4). 过去分词用在“w
8、ith+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.4. 作状语： 1). 作原因状语,多放在主句之前,相当于because, since, as引导的从句。 Tired from the days hard work, he fell asleep soon. =Because he wast tired from the days hard work, he fell asleep soon. 2). 作时间状语,相当于when引导的时间状语从句,有时在分词
9、前直接加when, while, until等词可使其表达的时间意义更明确。 When (water is) heated, water can be changed into steam.3). 作条件状语,相当于if, unless引导的从句。 Given another chance, he can do it better. =If he is given another chance, he can do it better.4). 作让步状语,相当于though, although引导的从句。 Defeated again, we did not lose heart.=Thoug
10、h we were defeated again, we did not lose heart.5). 作方式或伴随状语。如:Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 5. 连词+过去分词分词作时间、条件或让步状语时,为了明确其意义,有时可在分词前加上when, while, if, once, unless, although 等连词,相当于状语从句的省略。 Although printed (=Although the book has been printed) many times, the book st
11、ill sells well in the market. Once visited(=Once the city is visited), the city will never be forgotten. 注意:before, after一般不与过去分词连用,因为这两个词可作介词,其后要接being done形式。【易混辨析】现在分词与过去分词作状语作状语时,是用现在分词形式还是用过去分词形式,取决于该动词与句子主语之间的关系。如果是逻辑上的主谓关系,一般用现在分词;如果是逻辑上的动宾关系,则一般用过去分词。如:Seeing from the top of the hill,we find
12、 the park even more beautiful. (see与主语we之间是主谓关系)Seen from the top of the hill,the park looks even more beautiful. (see与主语the park之间是动宾关系)实战演练：一、 单句语法填空1. A study of travelers _(conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 2. Before driving into
13、the city, you are required to get your car _(wash). 3. I was the first Western TV reporter _(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas _(rescue) from starvation in the wild.4. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message_(hide) within the work. 5. Jim has retired, but he
14、still remembers the happy time _(spend) with his students. 6. _(found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. 7. There are some health problems that, if not _(treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on. 8. _(press) by his parents, and _(realize) that he
15、has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop _(play) video games.9. Linda acts as if she were the boss, _(order) people around. 10. When _(ask), the man said he went home at 2:00 am _(tire) and only _(find) his house broken into.二、 翻译句子1. 我申请了这份刊登在报纸上的工作，但是因为缺乏经验被拒绝了。_2. 尽管很累而且气喘吁吁，Andy和R
16、uby是第一个登上泰山顶的。_3. 以一种有好的方式解决了争论，争论就结束了。_4. 当等待机会升职的时候，Henry尽力履行自己的职责。_5. 被拒绝了无数次，这个可怜的大学生产生了对求职的恐惧。_三、语篇填空(2020年7月，浙江卷改编）Some time after 10，000 BC, people made the first real attempt 1_(control) the world they lived in，through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on what c
17、ould be hunted or 2_(gather) from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.Farming produced more food per person than 3_(hunt) and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food 4_(need). Agriculture gave people their fi
18、rst experience of the power of technology 5_(change)lives.By about 6000 BC, people 6_ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later, they learned to work with the seasons，7_(plant) at the right time and，in dry areas，making use of annual floods 8_(irrigate) their fields.This style of f
19、arming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with the rise of science，changes began. New methods 9_(mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these changes 10_(accelerate). New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that start
20、ed in the Stone Age.二、单元写作： 介绍一种动物I典例详析 调查显示，中国华南虎(South China tiger)受人类活动影响而濒临灭绝，目前总数不足50只。假设你是李华，现请用英文给WWF(世界自然基金会)写一封信，请他们关注这一状况并提供帮助。内容包括:1. 说明写信目的；2. 简述华南虎现状；3. 希望WWF提出一些帮助(比如建立自然保护区；制定法规等)；4. 表示感谢并期待回复。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_a. 关键词语：1. 濒临灭绝_2. 因为, 由于 _3. 采取措施 _4. 提供帮助 _5. 建立自然保护区_6. 急
21、剧下降 _b. 根据中文提示完成下面句子（结合课文词句写此应用文）：1. 根据调查，我发现华南虎的数量在急剧下降。（调查显示，华南虎的数量在急剧下降.)_2. 目前发现的华南虎总数不足50只，我担心它们会在不久的将来灭绝。_3. 华南虎数量的下降不仅仅在于猎人的捕杀，还因为他们的栖息地被人类破坏或占据。_4. 我希望WWF能帮助保护华南虎的栖息地，并制定相关的法律法规禁止杀戮。_5. 感谢您阅读我的信件。期待早日回复。_连句成文（尽可能使用高级词汇和句式）：_实战演练：假设你是李华，请你给你的澳大利亚好友Jim写一封信介绍中国的国宝大熊猫，内容包括以下几个方面：1. 大熊猫的特征；2. 大熊猫
22、目前的状况；3. 采取的保护措施。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_Unit 2 单元语法和写作参考答案：语法归纳：句首；表语；前面；后面；宾补实战演练一、1 conducted 2 washed 3 to be permitted; rescued 4 hidden 5 spent 6 Founded 7 treated 8 Pressed; realizing 9 Ordering 10 asked; tired; to find二、1. I applied for the job advertised on TV, but was turned down f
23、or lack of experience. 2.Though tired and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. 3. Settled in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end. 4. When waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry made every effort to perform his duty.5. Refused dozens of tim
24、es, the poor college graduate developed a strong fear for job interviews. 三、1 to control 2 gathered 3 hunting 4 was needed 5 to change 6 had discovered 7 planting 8 to irrigate 9 meant 10 have accelerated单元写作：a. 1 be faced with extinction/be endangering/be dying out 2 due to/owing to/because of/on a
25、ccount of 3 take measures 4 offer help 5 set up nature reserves 6 a dramatic decrease/decrease dramaticallyb. 1 According to the recent research, I find that South China tigers are in danger of extinction.Recent research reveals that South China tigers are disappearing. 2 I worry they will die out i
26、n the near future for there are less than 50 ones found in the nature. 3 The decrease of the number of South China tigers is not only due to hunters killing, but also because their habitats have been destroyed and occupied by human beings.4 I hope WWF can help us save the habitat of South China tige
27、rs and set up relevant laws and regulations prohibiting killing them.5 Thanks for reading my letter. Your prompt reply would be highly appreciated. 连句成篇：Dear Sir or Madam, Im a student from Guangdong, China. According to the recent research, I find that South China tigers are in danger of extinction
28、. I worry they will die out in the near future for there are less than 50 ones found in the nature. So Im writing to ask you to pay attention to this situation and offer help to save them. The decrease of the number of South China tigers is not only due to hunters killing, but also because their hab
29、itats have been destroyed and occupied by human beings. Therefore, I hope WWF can help us save the habitat of South China tigers and set up relevant laws and regulations prohibiting killing them.Thanks for reading my letter. Your prompt reply would be highly appreciated. Yours sincerely, Li Hua实战演练：
30、Dear Jim,Im more than delighted to tell you something about pandas. The panda, with a black and white coat, is an iconic animal in China. It has a body shape typical of bears, whose favorite food is tender bamboo.It is known as the national treasure of China, one of the few mammals that have been su
31、rviving for millions of years on earth. However, it has become an endangered species. Fortunately, a nature reserve located in Sichuan Province has been set up, where pandas can enjoy their life happily. As pandas are well protected, the number of them is increasing every year.Best wishes to you!Yours, Li Hua
