1、UNIT 4JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND.阅读理解A(2022辽宁省各校高三第二次联合考试)Four Best Hikes in the WorldTheres nothing like getting out and getting some fresh air on a hike. No matter whether your idea of a hike is a leisure walk or climbing the highest mountain on Earth, weve got you covered. Below are four best hik
2、es in the world.Torres del Paine W CircuitLocation (位置): Patagonia, ChileDistance：37 milesTime：56 daysBest time to go：October to JanuaryThe W Circuit is one of the most recommended hikes youll find. Not only will you appreciate the diverse landscapes and striking granite pillars (花岗岩柱子), but youll p
3、robably meet some new friends along the way. Grand Canyon Rim-to-Rim HikeLocation：Arizona, the United StatesDistance：48 milesTime：13 daysBest time to go：May to June, September to OctoberTheres no better way to experience one of the greatest wonders in the world. Located in one of the USAs most beaut
4、iful parks, the views are absolutely appealing. Just make sure youre prepared for the challenge.Trek to PetraLocation：JordanDistance：47 milesTime：5 6 daysBest time to go：October to AprilTake the road less traveled through the Kingdom of Jordan and experience one of the seven wonders of the world. Hi
5、ke through canyons, gorges and ridges, and see tombs and temples along the way all while avoiding crowds of tourists.Yosemite Grand TraverseLocation：California, the United StatesDistance：60 milesTime：67 daysBest time to go：July to SeptemberKnown for some of the best hiking in the world, Yosemite Nat
6、ional Park is famous for its views and huge sequoia (红杉) trees. Praised by National Geographic, the Yosemite Grand Traverse will take you through waterfalls and green mountaintops.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。没有什么比徒步旅行出去呼吸新鲜空气更好的了。无论你徒步旅行的想法是休闲散步还是攀登地球上最高的山峰，我们都会为你提供保障。本文介绍了世界上最好的四次远足。1Which of the following is th
7、e best time for the hike in Patagonia, Chile？_D_AApril.BMay.CAugust.DDecember.解析：推理判断题。根据第一个黑标题Torres del Paine W Circuit下的Location (位置): Patagonia, Chile和Best time to go: October to January(去的最好的时间：10月到1月)，可知在Patagonia, Chile徒步旅行的最佳时间应该选择D选项(12月)。故选D。2Where should you go for a less crowded hike？_A_
8、AJordan.BPatagonia, Chile.CArizona, the United States.DCalifornia, the United States.解析：细节理解题。根据第三个黑标题Trek to Petra下的叙述第一句“Take the road less traveled through the Kingdom of Jordan and experience one of the seven wonders of the world.”再结合黑标题下的Location: Jordan(位置：约旦)可知你应该去Jordan进行不那么拥挤的徒步旅行。故选A。3What
9、 can you do along the Yosemite Grand Traverse？_B_APlant sequoia trees.BAppreciate waterfalls.CVisit local temples.DClimb granite pillars.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一个黑标题Yosemite Grand Traverse下的叙述“Known for some of the best hiking in the world, Yosemite National Park is famous for its views and huge sequoia (红杉)
10、trees. Praised by National Geographic, the Yosemite Grand Traverse will take you through waterfalls and green mountaintops.”可知沿着Yosemite Grand Traverse可以欣赏瀑布。故选B。B(2022吉林省白城市洮南一中高三第二次考试)Throwing away unwanted food has become a big issue in the world. While some of us throw away unwanted items, peopl
11、e in other parts of the world face food shortages and are starving. Its a shocking fact that a third of the worlds food is wasted each year, which is enough to feed a billion hungry people.You may think supermarkets are the main contributors to this mountain of food. After all, they do desert stuff
12、that is past its sell-by-date and they often refuse to sell fruits or vegetables that are in the wrong shape or look damaged. Theyve also been criticized for encouraging customers to buy more than they need through promotions such as “buy one and get one free”But the biggest culprit for creating foo
13、d waste is us human beings. In Europe, an incredible 53% of food waste comes from households, which results in 88 million tons of food waste a year. So instead of filling our bellies, our food is filling up landfill sites.In Denmark, a woman called Selina Juul has been working hard to solve this pro
14、blem. She moved from Russia many years ago and was amazed to see the abundance of food available in the supermarkets. But despite so much availability, she found that people were buying more than they needed and throwing too much away.She convinced some supermarkets to stop selling their items in bu
15、lk (大量) so that people bought only what they needed. She produced a leftover cookbook and set up an education program in schools, which has helped create a significant 25% reduction in food waste.Clearly, we need to think twice when we buy something in supermarkets or online, and when were at home w
16、e should make the most of the food we haveusing recipes that use up our leftovers or even sharing our remaining food with our friends and neighbors.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了导致食物浪费的原因和可减少浪费的办法。4Why are supermarkets to blame for food waste？_D_AThey store spare items.BThey damage bad stuff.CThey display new
17、arrivals.DThey hold sales promotion.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“Theyve also been criticized for encouraging customers to buy more than they need through promotions such as “buy one and get one free”(他们也遭到了谴责，因为他们通过“买一赠一”等促销活动让顾客购买量远远超出其所需。)”可知，超市被谴责食物浪费的原因是超市举行促销活动。故选D。5What does the underlined word “culprit” in
18、 paragraph 3 probably mean？_C_ABenefit.BDemand.CCause.DChallenge.解析：词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“But the biggest culprit for creating food waste is us human beings.(但是造成食物浪费的最大的culprit是我们人类。)”及后文In Europe, an incredible 53% of food waste comes from households, which results in 88 million tons of food waste a year
19、.(在欧洲，令人难以置信的是，53%的食物浪费来自家庭，导致每年8 800万吨食物浪费。)可推知，人类是导致食物浪费的最大原因。由此可知，划线词与cause意思接近。故选C。6What do we know about Selina Juul？_A_AShe contributed to reducing food waste.BShe made an extraordinary discovery.CShe was a pioneer in cooking leftovers.DShe focused on the availability of food.解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“
20、She produced a leftover cookbook and set up an education program in schools, which has helped create a significant 25% reduction in food waste.(她制作了一本剩菜食谱，并在学校发起了一项教育计划，这帮助大幅度减少了25%的食物浪费。)”可知，Selina Juul为减少食物浪费做出了贡献。故选A。7What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph？_A_AStart sharing ex
21、tra food.BSwitch to online shopping.CIncrease the varieties of food.DImprove our cooking methods.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“using recipes that use up our leftovers or even sharing our remaining food with our friends and neighbors(把我们剩下的食物用完，甚至把剩下的食物与我们的朋友和邻居分享)”可知，最后一段作者建议我们分享多余的食物。故选A。.七选五(2022福建省龙岩一中高三上学期月考试
22、题)Though its somewhat mysterious, sleep talking is a common phenomenon._1.C_ (and less than 10% do it every day). And roughly 67% of adults talk in their sleep at least once every three months. It often runs in families and tends to be more common among men._2.B_ ranging from mumbling(咕噜)to complete
23、 sentences. Sometimes it may seem as though the sleep-talker is giving a speech, while at other times it can sound as though the person is carrying on a conversation with someone else. The chatter can occur during any stage of sleep.If a friend or family member has ever told you that you talk in you
24、r sleep, your first concern might be whether you said something offensive or let out a long-held secret._3.F_， as far as your health is concerned.Sleep talking is considered a sleep disorder. In terms of what causes it, inadequate sleep, alcohol or drug use, illness, stress, anxiety, and depression
25、are common causes of such unconscious thinking._4.G_. In rare situations, sleep talking is associated with a psychiatric disorder(精神障碍)If youre frequently waking up tired, or you feel overwhelmed or sad most of the time, its worth talking to your doctor about sleep talking._5.D_. If you talk in your
26、 sleep only occasionally and you are not experiencing symptoms of any other sleep disorders or health conditions, then its probably nothing to worry about.AIt can be annoying to be a sleep-talkerBSleep talking can vary considerably in its contentCAbout half of kids talk in their sleep at least once
27、a yearDJust make sure that it isnt a red flag or another health problemETherefore, for most people it is a rare and short-lived occurrenceFYour second thought might be whether sleep talking is something to worry aboutGSometimes this nighttime chatter accompanies other sleep disorders such as sleepwa
28、lking语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了说梦话这一现象、原因。如果说梦话导致了较严重的后果，就需要去看医生。解析：1根据下文“And roughly 67% of adults talk in their sleep at least once every three months. ”可知，大约67%的成年人每三个月至少说一次梦话。所以选项与下文为并列关系，说明哪些人群说梦话。故C选项“大约一半的孩子每年至少说一次梦话”切题。故选C。2根据下文“ ranging from mumbling(咕噜)to complete sentences”可知，从咕噜到完整的句子。所以选项在说说梦话
29、的内容可以有相当大的不同。故B选项“梦话的内容可以有相当大的不同”切题。故选B。3根据上文“your first concern might be whether you said something offensive or let out a long-held secret.”可知，你的第一个顾虑可能是你是否说了冒犯性的话或者泄露了一个长期的秘密。选项与上文为并列关系，说明第二个顾虑的内容。故F选项“你的第二个想法可能是，睡觉时说话是不是需要担心的事情”切题。故选F。4根据下文“In rare situations, sleep talking is associated with a
30、psychiatric disorder(精神障碍)”可知，在极少数情况下，梦话与精神障碍有关。选项承接下文，在说明说梦话会带来其它的症状。故G选项“有时这种夜间喋喋不休伴随着其他睡眠障碍，例如梦游”。故选G。5根据上文“If youre frequently waking up tired, or you feel overwhelmed or sad most of the time, its worth talking to your doctor about sleep talking.”可知，如果你经常醒来且很累，或者你大部分时间都感到不知所措或悲伤，那么就得去看看医生。选项承接上文
31、说明看医生的目的。故D选项“只要确保这不是一个危险信号或其它健康问题”切题。故选D。.语法填空(2022河南省大联考高中毕业班阶段性测试)British billionaire Richard Branson is set to go into space on Sunday on a rocket plane built by the space tourism company created by _1.himself_(he). Hell join two pilots and three other experts on the flight. Virgin Galacticthe b
32、usiness Branson started in 2004aims to fly private _2.citizens_(citizen) to the edge of space. The trips are designed to permit passengers _3.to_experience_(experience) three to four minutes of weightlessness and observe the curvature(曲度) of Earth.Virgin Galactics experience takes place in a space p
33、lane _4.called_(call) VSS Unity. A large carrier airplane _5.carries_(carry) the space plane to 15,000 meters. VSS Unity then flies to the edge of Earths atmosphere, _6.depending_(depend) on rocket power.The trip will begin and end at Virgin Galactics Spaceport America complex in the southwestern st
34、ate of New Mexico. The flight is expected to carry the group to _7.a_ height of about 89 kilometers.Virgins mission marks the 22nd test flight _8.of_ the spacecraft, and fourth crewed trip beyond Earths atmosphere. But it will be the first to carry a full group of space travelers in addition to pilo
35、ts.If _9.successful_(success), Sundays flight will mean that Branson made it to space before Jeff Bezosthe _10.creator_(create) of competing space tourism company Blue Origin.语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了英国亿万富翁理查德布兰森(Richard Branson)将于周日乘坐一架火箭飞机进入太空，开启他的太空之旅。文章还介绍了他创办的维珍银河航空公司的发展现状和未来计划。1考查反身代词。根据语境，可知这家太空
36、旅游公司是由理查德布兰森创建的，by oneself“ 独自地”，符合题意。故填himself。2考查名词单复数。根据后句passengers可知，此处citizen应该用名词复数形式。citizens市民，居民或公民。故填citizens。3考查不定式。permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，固定搭配。故填to experience。4考查过去分词。分析句子结构，takes place为谓语动词，call应该作非谓语动词，因与其中心词前面名词a space plane构成被动关系数，要用过去分词。故填called。5考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构，carry作谓语动词
37、，结合前后句时态可知，此处用一般现在时，主语A large carrier airplane是单数，谓语动词用单数形式，carry运输，符合题意。故填carries。6考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，VSS Unity then flies to the edge of Earths atmosphere为句子，flies为其谓语动词，因此depend应该用非谓语动词，因和前面句子构成主动关系，要用现在分词形式。depend on取决于，符合题意。故填depending。7考查冠词。a height of表达“.的一个高度”，固定搭配。height 首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。8考查介词。t
38、he 22nd test flight _8_ the spacecraft应该表达“飞船的第22次试飞”，因此要用所有格介词of。故填of。9考查形容词。分析句子结构，此句为一个省略句，完整形式为：If it is successful，形容词作表语，省略了it is。故填successful。10考查名词。根据句意可知杰夫贝佐斯是太空旅游公司Blue Origin的创始人。creator创始人，符合题意。故填creator。.应用文写作(2022河南省豫南九校联盟高三联考)假定你是李华，你的英国网友Lucy来信咨询你所在的农村现在有什么变化，请你回复信件告知。内容包括：1曾经的农村；2发生
39、的变化；3发出邀请。注意：1.词数80左右；2开头与结尾已给出，但不计入总词数；3适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Lucy，_Yours sincerely，Li Hua参考范文：Dear_Lucy，I am delighted that you are interested in our countryside.I am writing to tell you something about it.About 20 years ago，roads in my countryside were narrow and rugged and schools are underdevelope
40、d; the situation has changed after cement roads were built linking the urban area and the countryside as a whole. Then the government has been building many new schools and transforming the old ones.Nowadays more and more new buildings are emerging in the countryside. The streets are wider and cleaner.And we are fighting a war of environmental protection.Peoples life standard is growing steadily and more and more students have even showed up studying in universities.The old village has taken on a new look. I sincerely invite you to come.Yours_sincerely，Li_Hua