1、浙江省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（5）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AUntil I was twelve years old, I thought everyone in the world knew about the grinnies, if I thought about the term at all which is unlikely. After all, everyone in my family used the word quite naturally, and we understood each other. So
2、 far as I knew, it was a word like any other word like bath, or chocolate, or homework. But it was my homework which led to my discovery that grinnies was a word not known outside my family.My last report card had said that I was a “C” student in English, and my parents, both teachers, decided that
3、no child of theirs would be just an average student of anything. So nightly I spelled words aloud and answered questions about the fine points of grammar. I wrote and rewrote and rewrote every composition until I convinced my mother that I could make no more improvements. And the hard work paid off.
4、 One day the teacher returned compositions, and there it was a big fat, bright red “A” on the top of my paper. Naturally, I was delighted, but I didnt know I was attracting attention until the teacher spoke sharply, “Helen, what are you doing?”Called suddenly out of my happy thoughts, I said “Oh, Iv
5、e got the grinnies!” The teacher and my classmates burst into laughter, and then I understood that grinnies were used inside my family. Other people were not so lucky.And it is really lucky to have the grinnies, an uncontrollable, natural state of great pleasure. Grinnies are shown on the outside by
6、 sparkling eyes and a wide, wide smile not just any smile, but one that shows the teeth and stretches the mouth to its limits. A person experiencing the grinnies appears to be all mouth. On the inside grinnies are characterized by a feeling of joyful anxiety. Grinnies usually last just a few seconds
7、, but they can come and go. Sometimes, when life seems just perfect, I have occasional attacks of the grinnies for a whole day.The term originated in my mothers family. Her younger sister, Rose, who had deep dimples (酒窝), often expressed her pleasure with such a grin that the dimples appeared to bec
8、ome permanent. When Rose was about four, she started explaining her funny look by saying, “I have the grinnies”. The term caught on, and it has been an important word in our family now for two generations.The occasion doesnt matter. Anything can bring on the grinnies just so long as one feels great
9、delight. When my brother finally rode his bicycle without training wheels from our house to the corner and back, he came home with the grinnies. When I was little, my mothers announcement that we would have homemade ice cream for dessert always gave me the grinnies. My father had the grinnies when I
10、 was chosen to make a speech at the end-of-school-year ceremony. Grinnies can be brought on by a good meal, a sense of pride, a new friend, a telephone call from someone special, an achievement. Or sometimes one gets the grinnies for no reason at all: just a sudden sense of happiness can bring on a
11、case. Whatever brings them on, an attack of the grinnies is among lifes greatest pleasures.In fact, now that I look back on the experience, I feel sorry for my seventh-grade teacher. I think its a pity that she didnt know the word grinnies. Its such a useful term for saying, “Im really, really pleas
12、ed!”1. After the writer was twelve years old, she _.A. thought everyone knew the meaning of “grinnies”B. equaled “grinnies” to bath or chocolate in meaningC. got to know “grinnies” was used only inside her familyD. discovered the word “grinnies” through her mother2. When her English teacher called h
13、er name, the writer was _.A. looking at the big “A” on the top of her paperB. listening to her English teacher attentivelyC. too happy to notice whats happening around herD. busy rewriting and improving her compositions3. According to the writer, the word “grinnies” originates from_. A. her motherB.
14、 her auntC. her brotherD. her father4. The writer feels sorry for her seventh-grade teacher because the teacher_.A. has no pity on her students B. should not have laughed at herC. doesnt have any luck to meet her parentD. has no idea of what “grinnies” is5. What method does the writer use to explain
15、 “grinnies”?A. Cause and effect.B. Examples.C. Comparison and contrast.D. Process.BBelow is a page from The World Almanac（年鉴）and Book of Facts 2008.6. Which park has 365 miles of explored underground passages?A. Arches, UT.B. Cuyahoga Valley, OH.C. Acadia, ME.D. Mammoth Cave, KY. 7. In which year wa
16、s Channel Islands first authorized as a protection site for sea lions, sea birds and unique plants?A. 1929.B. 1938.C. 1978.D. 1980.8. The worlds tallest trees are found in _.A. Redwood, CAB. Gates of the Arctic, AKC. Canyonlands, UTD. Kings Canyon, CA9. In 1917, the national park Denali was named as
17、 _.A. Black Canyon of the GunnisonB. Mount Desert Isl.C. Mt. McKinley National ParkD. Rocky MountainCBonus（奖金） culture has become the subject of many studies nowadays. Many people have been angered by the way some bankers and high officials seem to have been rewarded for failure. Others find the ide
18、a of offering many-million-dollar bonuses morally disgusting. But few have asked whether performance-related bonuses really do improve performance. The answer seems so obvious that even to ask the question can appear ridiculous. Indeed, in spite of all the complaints about them, financial encouragem
19、ents continue to be introduced in more and more areas, from healthcare and public services to teaching and universities.So it may come as a shock to many to learn that paying for results can actually make people perform badly in many circumstances, and that the more you pay, the worse they perform.N
20、o one is arguing that bonuses can help companies and institutions attract and keep the best staff. Nor does anyone argue against the idea that you can encourage people to do specific tasks by linking payments to those tasks. Rather, the point is about how to get the best out of people. Do employees
21、really perform better if you promise to pay them more for getting results?There are some obvious reasons why such payments can fail. It has been argued, for instance, that cash bonuses contributed to the financial crash, because traders had little enthusiasm to make sure that their companies enjoyed
22、 long-term survival.Most bonus projects are poorly designed, says Professor Malcolm Higgs. He thinks the reason is that organisations try to keep bonus arrangements simple. Nevertheless, he thinks bonus projects can work as long as they link the interests of individual employees with the long-term g
23、oals of a business.Bonuses can also encourage cheating. “Once you start making peoples rewards dependent on outcomes rather than behaviours, the evidence is people will do whatever they can to get those outcomes,” says Professor Edward Deci. “In many cases the high officials simply lied and cheated
24、to make the stock (股票) price go up so they got huge bonuses.”But the work of Deci and others suggests the problem with bonuses runs far deeper than poor design or cheating. In 1971, he asked students to solve puzzles, with some receiving cash prizes for doing well and others getting nothing. Deci fo
25、und those offered cash were less likely to keep working on puzzles after they had done enough to get paid.These studies suggest that offering rewards can stop people doing things for the pure joy of it. This was the basis for a series of books by Kohn in which he argues that rewarding children, stud
26、ents and workers with grades, scholarships and other “bribes” (贿赂) leads to low-quality work in the long run.Those who believe in the power of bonuses fail to distinguish between inner drive and outside pressure wanting to do something because you like it for itself in contrast to doing something be
27、cause you want the reward, Kohn says. “Its not just that these two are different, its often that the more you reward people for doing something, the more their inner drive tends to decline.”A “do this and get that” approach might improve performance in the short term, but over longer periods it will
28、 always fail, Kohn says. People who receive bonus will naturally play safe, become less creative, cooperate less and feel less valued, he adds. Whats more, the studies also suggest that offering rewards can also stop people taking responsibility.10. The effect of performance-related bonuses has not
29、been well studied because people _. A. take the function of bonuses for grantedB. see that bonus offering is done everywhereC. think financial encouragement is disgustingD. are shocked by the practice of rewarding for failures11. According to Malcolm Higgs, designs that _ are the good ones. A. drive
30、 people to finish short-term tasks B. help to attract and keep good employeesC. link financial rewards with the quality of the outcomesD. connect individual interests with long-term business goals 12. If a person plays safe to get a bonus, he is probably being _. A. more enthusiastic B. more risk-ta
31、king C. less daring D. less responsible13. Which of the following do you think the author would most probably agree with? A. Companies should make their bonus projects simple.B. The benefit of bonus helps to get the best out of people.C. The biggest problem with bonus is it creates cheating.D. Bonus
32、 offering can stop people doing things for pure joy.14. Which do you think is the best title of the passage?A. What Is Bonus?B. Does Bonus Work?C.Why Bonus Offered?D. How Bonus Works?DWhich is sillier: denying we ever went to the moon or trying to convince the true nonbelievers?Once upon a time July
33、 20, 1969, to be specific two men got out of their little spaceship and wandered around on the moon for a while. Ten more men walked on the moon over the next three and a half years. The end. Unfortunately, not quite. A fair number of Americans think that this whole business of moon landings really
34、is a fairy tale. They believe that the landings were a big hoax (骗局) staged in the Mojave Desert, to convince everyone that U.S. technology was the “bestest” in the whole wide world. Which is the harder thing to do: Send men to the moon or make believe we did? The fact is the physics behind sending
35、people to the moon is simple. You can do it with computers whose entire memory capacities can now fit on chips the size of postage stamps and that cost about as much as, well, a postage stamp. I know you can because we did. However, last fall NASA considered spending $15,000 on a public-relations ca
36、mpaign to convince the unimpressed that Americans had in fact gone to the moon. That idea was mostly a reaction to a Fox television program, first aired in February 2001, that claimed to expose the hoax. The shows creator is a publicity hound (猎狗) who has lived up to the name in more ways than one b
37、y hounding Buzz Aldrin, the second man on the moon. Mr. X (as I will call him, thereby denying him the joyous sight of his name in print) recently followed Buzz Aldrin around and called him “a thief, liar and coward” until the 72-year-old astronaut finally lost it and hit the 37-year-old Mr. X in th
38、e face. Anyway, NASAs publicity campaign began to slow down. The nonbelievers took the campaign as NASAs effort to hide something while the believers said that $15,000 to convince people that the world was round I mean, that we had gone to the moon was simply a waste of money. (Actually, the $15,000
39、 was supposed to pay for an article by James E. Oberg, an astronomy writer who, with Aldrin, has contributed to Scientific American.) If NASAs not paying Oberg, perhaps it could put the money to good use by hiring two big guys to drag Neil Armstrong out of the house. Armstrong is an extremely privat
40、e man, but he is also the first man on the moon, so maybe he has a duty to be a bit more outspoken about the experience. Or NASA could just buy Aldrin a commemorate plaque (纪念匾) for his recent touch on the face of Mr. X. 15. We can learn from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that some Americans believe _. A. moon
41、 landings were invented B. U.S. technology was the best C. moon landing ended successfully D. the Mojave Desert was the launching base16. According to the writer, which of the following is to blame for the story about the hoax? A. NASAs publicity campaign.B. The Fox television program. C. Buzz Aldri
42、n. D. James E. Oberg.17. According to the writer, Mr. X _. A. told a faithful story B. was not treated properly C. was a talented creator D. had a bad reputation18. The believers think that NASAs publicity campaign is _. A. proof to hide the truth B. stupid and unnecessary C. needed to convince the
43、non-believers D. important to develop space technology19. What is implied in the last paragraph? A. NASA should not bother with the non-believers. B. Armstrong was a very private and determined person. C. Armstrong should be as outspoken as Buzz Aldrin. D. NASA should send more astronauts to outer space.20. The tone of the article is _. A. angry B. conversational C. humorousD. matter-of-fact1. C2. C3. B4. D5. B 6. D7. B8. A9. C 10. A11. D12. C13. D14. B15. A 16. B17. D18. B19. A20. C 高考资源网独家精品资源，欢迎下载！高考资源网Ks5uK&S%5#UKs5uKs%U高考资源网高考资源网高考资源网