1、高中英语if条件句中的虚拟语气（二）1. 通过本课的学习，能够全面掌握if虚拟条件句的几种较复杂和特殊的情况。2. 通过本课的学习，能够准确运用错综时间虚拟条件句、虚拟倒装句和含蓄虚拟语气等。重点：掌握错综时间的虚拟语气以及虚拟倒装句的具体规则。难点：能够在解题过程中熟练识别和运用含蓄虚拟条件句。近几年高考对于虚拟语气的考查主要集中在语法填空和书面表达中，语法填空涉及动词提示词的填空中多次出现对虚拟语气的考查，考查难度不大。一、错综时间虚拟条件句：有些条件句中主句的谓语和从句的谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致，这类句子称为错综时间条件句。当虚拟条件状语从句与主句所虚拟的时间不一致（如从句虚拟过去
2、，而主句虚拟现在或将来）时，主句、从句中谓语动词的形式须依据各自所表示的时间，综合if虚拟条件句的三种基本类型进行调整。If youd listened to me, you wouldnt be in such trouble now.如果你听了我的话，你现在就不会有这样的麻烦了。（过去现在）If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the movie last night.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那部电影。（现在过去）If they had left home early, they would arrive in half an hour.要是他们早离
3、开家的话，再过半个小时就该到了。（过去将来）If Monica should arrive today, she must have started three days ago.如果莫尼卡今天到达的话，那她一定是在三天前就动身了。（将来过去）If you had studied hard last year, you would be a college student now.要是你去年努力学习的话，现在你就是个大学生了。If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.如果昨天下雨了的话，地面现在就应该是湿的。You wou
4、ld be much better now if you had taken my advice.如果你听从了我的建议的话，你现在早就好多了。It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall答案：D思路分析：考查错综时间虚拟条件句，主
5、句部分虚拟现在，而根据at the age of seven可知从句为对过去的虚拟，须用过去完成时。二、虚拟倒装句：条件从句中的谓语部分有were，should和had时，if有时可以省略，将were、had、should提到主语之前，构成虚拟倒装。If I were in your position, I would do it better.Were I in your position, I would do it better.假如我身处在你的位置，我会做得更好。If you had arrived earlier, you would have caught the train.Ha
6、d you arrived earlier, you would have caught the train.要是你早些到的话，你就会赶上火车了。If I should meet her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.Should I meet her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.如果我明天能见到她的话，我会告诉她真相的。Should I have time，I would call on her.我要是有时间就去看她。_ fired, your health care and other benefit
7、s would not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be答案：B思路分析：虚拟条件句中含有were或had，should时，if可以省略,将were, had, should提到主语前面，从句是与将来事实相反的假设，所以用should，实际上“you”也不会被解雇。而主句说明的事实，所以用了would+动词原形。三、含蓄虚拟语气：有时虚拟条件状语从句可以用介词短语或连词来代替，常见的介词有with、without、but for，常见的连词有or、ot
8、herwise等。切记，含蓄的虚拟语气只有主句。There wouldnt be such modern industry without electricity (if there werent electricity). 倘若没有电，就不会有现代工业。He is ill. Otherwise (if he werent ill) he could come.他病了，否则他会来。With your help, I could have finished the work ahead of time.要是有了你的帮助，我就能提前完成那些工作了。Without air or water, the
9、re would be no living things on the earth.没有空气或者水，地球上就不会有生物了。But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey.要是没有雨，我们的旅行会非常愉快的。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have attended the meeting.那天我生病了，否则我就参加那个会议了。She telephoned to remind me of your birthday, or I would have forgotten it.她打电话来提
10、醒我你的生日，不然的话我就忘记了。_ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday. A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for答案：B思路分析：考查含蓄虚拟语气，由句子的后半部分“I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.”可知用了虚拟语气形式，所以前面用but for（要不是）引出相当于条件句的介词短语。In spite of 尽管；Because of 因为；As for 就而言。1. _mor
11、e careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 2. Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I _ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D.
12、would have attended3. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _ our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be 4. If you hadnt taken such a long time to get dressed, we _ there now. A. would be B. would have been C. have been D. will be5. He was very bus
13、y yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come答案：1. B 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. C思路分析：1. 考查if条件的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，条件句省略了if，把had提前。2. 从上下文可知，说话人没有参加讲座，省略了从句“if I hadnt been busy”，主句与过去事实相反，因此选D。3. 前句是省略了if的与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，而由now可知主句与现在事实相反，所以用would be。4. 此句是混合虚拟条件句，前面是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，后面的结果句受now影响应该与现在事实相反，所以选A。5. 从“He was very busy yesterday”可知，谈论的是过去的事，otherwise相当于“如果昨天不忙的话”，所以主句用would have done。
