1、附录一、常考情态动词ought to had betterneed dare used tomust can (could) may (might) shall (should) will (would)二、虚拟语气相关词汇（一）动词类:ask order insist suggest advise desire decide propose require requestrecommend（二）形容词类:vital urgent essential desirable necessary important appropriate advisablepreferable probable p
2、ossible一、只能后接to do的动词和短语ask demand (要求)；plan intend；manage learn strive do/try ones best make an attempt；wish hope desire expect long would like would prefer；agree promise decide determine seem choose volunteer offer make a decisionmake up ones mind；help prepare claim；fail pretend refuse fear hate h
3、esitate threaten；happen (碰巧) afford bother care。二、只能后接to do的从属连接词1. 连接代词：what which who whom+ to do2. 连接副词：when where how whether + to do三、只能后接to do的结构1. have no choice but (to do)2. sb./sth. be said (to do)3. be supposed (to do)4. be + adj. (to do)四、只能后接 (to) do的动词和结构1. 使役动词：make let have；2. cannot
4、 but cannot help but；3. do nothing (anything/everything) but (except) do句型中。 make为被动时，省略的to需要还原。如：He was made to finish the job.；被动用法：make/let/have sb./sth. done五、只能后接doing的动词和结构allow permit advise encourage force；admit deny avoid prevent escape forbid；advise propose suggest；delay postpone put off；e
5、njoy feel like mind cant help cant stand；excuse forgive doubt consider appreciate ensure；complete finish imagine miss give up quit；involve practice resist risk recall keep； have (has/had) difficulty (trouble/a hard time) (in)；when it comes to；be worth；spend +时间/金钱+ (in)； allow/permit/advise/encourag
6、e/force sb./sth. to do; sb./sth. be allowed/permitted/advised/encouraged/forced to do。六、介词to后接doingobject to turn to thanks to owing to aid to apply to amount tobe devoted to be limited to be familiar to be opposed to be committed tobe sensitive to look forward to get down to live up toattributeto o
7、weto dedicateto in relation to七、后接to do/doing均可的动词和结构（含义差别） remember to do sth.记得要去做remember doing sth.记得做过 forget to do sth.忘了该做forget doing sth.忘了做过 regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾regret doing sth.后悔做过. stop to do sth.停止手中的事，去做另一件stop doing sth.停止正在做的事 go on to do sth.接着做另一件事go on doing sth.接着做正在做的事 tr
8、y to do sth.努力去做try doing sth.尝试着做 mean to do sth.打算做.mean doing sth.意味着. 感官动词+ sb./sth. (to) do结果 感官动词+ sb./sth. doing动作 need to do主动 need doing被动 形式主语It对应的真主Its no use (good/harm) doing.Its funny (fun/pleasant/worthwhile/hopeless/a waste of time) doing need to be done也为被动形式。 形式主语It对应的真主，大多数为to do。
9、在此只举例相对较少数的真主doing。不规则动词变化表一、AAA型（原形原形原形）原形过去式过去分词中文cutcutcut切，割costcostcost花费hithithit撞，击hurthurthurt伤害letletlet让putputput放readreadread读setsetset安排二、ABA型（原形过去式原形）原形过去式过去分词中文becomebecamebecome成为comecamecome来runranrun跑三、ABC型（一）原形ewown原形过去式过去分词中文blowblewblown吹flyflewflown飞growgrewgrown生长knowknewknown知
10、道forbidforbadeforbidden禁止（二）iau原形过去式过去分词中文beginbeganbegun开始drinkdrankdrunk喝ringrangrung打电话singsangsung唱swimswamswum游泳（三）原形过去式过去式(e)n原形过去式过去分词中文choosechosechosen选择freezefrozefrozen冻speakspokespoken说（四）原形过去式原形(e)n原形过去式过去分词中文eatateeaten吃fallfellfallen落下givegavegiven给seesawseen看见writewrotewritten写drawdr
11、ewdrawn画taketooktaken拿hidehidhidden躲藏（五）无规律原形过去式过去分词中文am/iswasbeen是arewerebeen是dodiddone做gowentgone走四、ABB型（一）原形oughtought原形过去式过去分词中文bringbroughtbrought带来buyboughtbought买fightfoughtfought打架thinkthoughtthought思考（二）原形aughtaught原形过去式过去分词中文catchcaughtcaught捉，抓teachtaughttaught教（三）原形tt原形过去式过去分词中文feelfeltf
12、elt感到keepkeptkept保持leaveleftleft离开sleepsleptslept睡sweepsweptswept扫dealdealtdealt处理meanmeantmeant意思（四）变其中一个辅音字母原形过去式过去分词中文buildbuiltbuilt建造makemademade制造sendsentsent送，寄spendspentspent花费（五）辅音字母和元音字母都变原形过去式过去分词中文havehadhad有laylaidlaid放loselostlost丢失paypaidpaid付钱saysaidsaid说sellsoldsold卖standstoodstood站
13、telltoldtold告诉（六）变其中一个元音字母原形过去式过去分词中文babysitbabysatbabysat照看feedfedfed喂findfoundfound发现getgotgot (gotten)得到holdheldheld拥有，握meetmetmet遇见sitsatsat坐winwonwon赢五、AAB型原形过去式过去分词中文beatbeatbeaten打败六、有两种形式原形过去式过去分词中文bearboreborn生boreborneburnburnedburned烧burntburntdreamdreameddreamed做梦dreamtdreamthanghangedha
14、nged（被）绞死hunghung挂learnlearnedlearned学learntlearntlieliedlied说谎laylain躺，平放shineshinedshined照耀shoneshoneshowshowedshowed展示shownsmellsmelledsmelled闻smeltsmeltspellspelledspelled拼写speltspeltwakewakedwaked醒wokewoken一、一般动词（与表示品质和状态的副词连用）cut sell read write cook wash drive fill lock二、以下系动词look smell taste
15、 sound feel prove turn out动词变名词形式相关规则一、V. + mentargueargumentagreeagreementequipequipmentamuseamusementgoverngovernmentmanagemanagementcommitcommitmentachieveachievementdevelopdevelopmentdisagreedisagreementadvertiseadvertisement二、V. + tionsolvesolutiondecidedecisioninventinventionpollutepollutionin
16、viteinvitationattractattractioneducateeducationresolveresolutionoperateoperationdiscussdiscussionpredictpredictionpermitpermissionexpressexpressiondescribedescriptionconcludeconclusioninspireinspirationgraduategraduationinstructinstructionsuggestsuggestionorganizeorganizationcompetecompetitionpronou
17、ncepronunciation三、V. + ance 结尾appearappearanceperformperformance四、V. + 其他hithitheatheatsitseatflyflightbegbeggartourtouristsucceedsuccessmixmixturebehavebehaviorpresspressureinviteinvitationattractattractionknowknowledge一、使动词amuseentertainmovetouchencourageinspireconvinceinterestexciterelaxfascinate
18、tireexhaustpuzzleconfuseterrifyfrightenthrillsurpriseshockamazeastonishshakeboreannoyembarrassworrydisturbdisappointdiscourageupsetdepressfrustratedisgustpleasedelightsatisfyimpressscaretroubleshame二、普通动词变形容词（一）词尾+fuluseusefulcarecarefulplayplayfulhelphelpfulthankthankfulpeacepeacefulforgetforgetful
19、wonderwonderfulsucceedsuccessful（二）词尾+ablesuitsuitableenjoyenjoyableadjustadjustablecomfortcomfortableknowknowledgeable（三）其他loselostdiedeadwakeawaketastetastyfoolfoolishspeakspokenbreakbrokenworldworldwideeducateeducationalsleepsleepy/asleeplivelively/alive/living“形变副”相关规则一、规则变化（一）在形容词词尾直接加ly如：real-
20、really; helpful-helpfully; quick-quickly；（二）以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词：变y为i，再加ly如：busy busily; angry angrily; easy easily；（三）以e结尾的形容词变副词，一般有以下三种情况1. 一般情况下，直接在后面加ly，如：completely strangely2. 以ble结尾的形容词，将ble变成bly，如：possibly probably3. true，去掉e加ly，变成truly。二、不规则变化good well many much such so no notfast fast pretty pre
21、tty early early enough enough三、注意：以ly结尾的形容词friendly motherly brotherly manly womanly.lovely lively lonelydaily weekly yearly monthlyugly deadly likely一、不规则比较级/最高级变化表原级比较级最高级good ,wellbetterbestwell-knownbetter-knownbest-knownbad, ill, badlyworseworstmany ,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther furthe
22、rfarthest furthestoldolder elderoldest eldestlatelater/ latterlatest/ last二、可修饰比较级、最高的词（一）特定副词/形容词1. a bit a little slightly2. much very much a lot lots a great deal far greatly completely3. no not any4. almost nearly mostly somewhat5. rather even just quite exactly yet still6. any（用于疑问句中修饰比较级）7. ma
23、ny, a few（常用于more+名词复数前）8. by far（位于比较级结构之后）（二）数词1. 分数2. 倍数3. 基数词+度量名词常考形容词变名词规则一、不规则类daily daytrue truthfoul filthreal realitysafe safetywide widthhigh heightdry droughtdeep depthlong lengthmerry mirthyoung youthwise wisdomwarm warmthbroad breadthhonest honestystrong strengthregular regulationpopul
24、ar popularitysleep asleep/sleepy二、规则类（一）-fulpainful paincolorful colorthankful thanksforgetful forgetbeautiful beautyheathy health（二）-yrainy rainsunny sunlucky lucknoisy noisewindy windsnowy snowcloudy clouduseful (less) usecareful (less) carehelpful (less) helpwonderful wonderharmful (less) harm（三）
25、-ousfamous famedangerous danger（四）-engolden goldwoolen woolwooden wood（五）-ishselfish selffoolish foolchildish childSpanish Spain（六）-eseChinese ChinaJapanese Japan（七）-nAsian AsiaItalian ItalyAmerican AmericaAustralian Australia（八）-bleable abilitycapable capabilitypossible possibilityresponsible respo
26、nsibility形容词否定形式的变化规则一、前缀（一）单词前加untidyuntidyrealunrealableunablesafeunsafekindunkindusualunusualluckyunluckylikelyunlikelyhappyunhappyhelpfulunhelpfulwillingunwillingexcitedunexcitedhealthyunhealthysuitableunsuitablepopularunpopulargratefulungratefulfriendlyunfriendlypleasantunpleasantwelcomeunwelco
27、mecommonuncommonimportantunimportantnecessaryunnecessarysuccessfulunsuccessfulcomfortableuncomfortable（二）单词前加dishonestdishonest（三）p，b，m开头的形容词前加impoliteimpolitepatientimpatientpossibleimpossible（四）单词前加incorrectincorrectcorrectlyincorrectlyexpensiveinexpensive（五）在r开头的形容词前加irregularirregular二、后缀usefulu
28、selesscarefulcareless三、不规则情况closefarcoldhottruefalsesoftharddirtycleanlongshortlargesmallnoisyquietthin/slimfatemptyfullstrongweakheavylightmalefemalehungryfullyoungoldclosedopeneasydifficultdangeroussafegenerousmeanfast/quickslowfast/quicklyslowlyright/correctwrongboringinterestingcheapexpensivedar
29、kbright/light特殊的名词复数形式一、规则变化（一）以s/sh/ch/x等结尾的名词，加esbus buseswatch watches（二）以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变y为i再加esfamily familiesbaby babies（注意：以y结尾的专有名词变复数时，直接加s。如：two Marys；the Henrys）（三）以辅音字母加o结尾的名词，两种形式1. 无生命的后加sphoto photospiano pianos2. 有生命的后加espotato potatoestomato tomatoeshero heroesNegro Negroes（四）以f或fe结尾的名
30、词1. 改f/fe为v再加eswife wivesself selveslife lives half halvesleaf leaveswolf wolvesknife knivesthief thievesshelf shelves2. 直接加sgulf gulfsroof roofschief chiefssurf surfsbelief beliefsproof proofshandkerchief handkerchiefs二、不规则变化（一）man变menman menwoman womenpoliceman policemenfireman firemen（二）oo变eefoot
31、 feettooth teethgoose geese （三）其他特殊变化1. mouse mice；2. 词尾加ren：child children；3. 单复同形：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese；4. 集体名词（本身为复数）：people，police，cattle；5. 两个部分构成的事物（常用复数形式）：glasses，clothes，trousers，scissors。常见名词变形容词规则一、名词后加ousdanger dangerousfame famousvariety variousgenerosity generous二、后加lyfriend
32、 friendlylove lovely三、ence变entimportance importantdifference differentsilence silent四、后加able/iblecomfort comfortablevision visibleresponsibility responsible五、后加iveact activeimpression impressivedecision decisive六、后加alnature naturaladdition additionaleducation educational七、后加ful (less)care careful (l
33、ess)help helpful (less)use useful (less)hope hopeful (less)harm harmful (less)color colorfulwonder wonderfulbeauty beautifulthank thankfultruth truthfulpain painful八、一些表示国家的名词后加ese，ish或nChina ChineseJapan JapaneseEngland EnglishAmerica AmericanIndia IndianAsia AsianAustralia AustralianEurope Europea
34、nSpain SpanishCanada Canadian九、后加yrain rainy cloud cloudy sun sunny sand sandy fog foggywind windy snow snowy storm stormy hand handy blood bloodyfun funny push pushy rock rocky salt salty sleep sleepy/asleepluck lucky health healthy luck lucky milk milky（注意：1. 如果名词以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，这时应双写词尾的辅音字母再加y。如：sun sunny，fun funny等。2. 少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉e再加y。如：noise noisy，ice icy等。3. day daily）基数词变序数词规则一、规则变形基数词+th。如：six sixthfourteen fourteenththirty-seven thirty-seventh一、特殊变形one firsttwo secondthree thirdfive fiftheight eighthnine ninthtwelve twelfthtwenty twentieth
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