1、Section Grammar过去分词作状语语法图解 探究发现1Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.Given better attention, the trees could grow better.Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earths gravity.2Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.Be
2、cause I was hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency.I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, and was absorbed by its efficiency.3When offered help, one often says “Thank you” or “Its kind of you.”The research i
3、s so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.我的发现(1)作状语用的过去分词(短语)和句子的主语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，或称为被动 关系。(2)第一组句子中的过去分词(短语)分别在句子中作：原因状语；条件状语；伴随或方式状语。(3)比较第二组句子可知，作状语用的过去分词(短语)可以转化成相应的状语从句或并列句。(4)从第三组句子可知，表示时间、条件、方式、比较或让步的状语，可用“从属连词过去分词”结构。可用于该结构中的从属连词有：when, once, while, if, unless, as if, as,
4、than, though, although等。一、过去分词作状语的类型过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。1作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until”等，使其时间意义更明确。When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.当被问到对教学工作的观点时，菲利普说他觉得它既有趣又有意义。
5、2作原因状语相当于原因状语从句或并列句。Absorbed in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching.Because John was absorbed in painting, he didnt notice evening approaching.John was absorbed in painting, so he didnt notice evening approaching.由于专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。3作条件状语相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if，unless等转换成条件状语从句。Used with care
6、, one tin will last for six weeks.如果用得仔细的话，一罐可以够用六周。4作让步状语相当于让步状语从句。有时可加although, though, even if, even though, whether.or等连词转换成让步状语从句。Defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope.Although he was defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope.尽管被对手击败，但是他从没放弃希望。5作方式、伴随状语相当于and连接的并列句。She a
7、ccepted the gift, deeply moved.She accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved.她接受了礼物，被深深地感动了。名师点津值得注意的是，有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌烦)。Lost in thought, he didnt hear the bell.由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。即时演练
8、1(1)用所给词的适当形式填空Developed (develop) by two doctors in the US Department of Agriculture, its an excellent water collector.Raised (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.Children, when accompanied (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter th
9、e stadium.Founded (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.Translated (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.(2)句型转换When it is seen from the top of the hill, the town looks more beautiful.Seen_from_the_t
10、op_of_the_hill,_the_town_looks_more_beautiful.Because they were deeply moved by the film, the children began to cry.Deeply_moved_by_the_film,_the_children_began_to_cry.If we were given more time, we could do it much better.Given_more_time,_we_could_do_it_much_better.The president of the company came
11、 to the factory, and he was followed by some workers.The_president_of_the_company_came_to_the_factory,_followed_by_some_workers.二、过去分词作状语时的位置过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.(原因状语)得知母亲生病了，李雷
12、迅速赶回了家。The old man walked into the room, supported by his son.(方式状语)老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。三、过去分词的独立结构作状语过去分词作状语时，有时在分词前加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的过去分词被称为过去分词的独立结构。过去分词的独立结构在句中作状语时，通常可表示时间、原因、条件等。Much time spent sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.很多时间都坐在办公桌旁，办公室职员一般都受到健康问题的困扰。
13、即时演练2用独立主格结构作状语改写句子After the lecture was given, a lively questionandanswer session followed.The_lecture_given,_a lively questionandanswer session followed.The factory produced many famous cars, none of which were shipped to foreign countries.The factory produced many famous cars, none_of_them_shippe
14、d_to_foreign_countries.Because extra money was given to the poor, he felt very happy.Extra_money_given_to_the_poor,_he felt very happy.四、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。助记分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用ing，被动用ed。Used for a long time, the book
15、 looks old.(动宾关系)由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。Using the book, I find it very useful.(主谓关系)在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。名师点津无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。If caught, the police will punish the thief.()If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.()If the thief is caught, the police will pu
16、nish the thief.()即时演练3用所给词的适当形式填空When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, telling (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.Where is Jimmy?Just now I saw him sitting under the tree, absorbed (absorb) in his video games.用所给词的适当形式填空1Trapped (trap) by strong winds and deep snow, Andy did nothing
17、but wait.2If given (give) more care and attention, the boy would not have gone that far on the wrong path, Im sure.3Finding (find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.4Time, used (use) correctly, is money in the bank.5Settled (settle) in a friendly way, their fierce quarr
18、el finally came to an end.6“Cant you read? Its a nonsmoking section.” I said angrily pointing (point) to the notice.7Compared (compare) with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.8Being (be) poor at English, Im afraid I cant make myself understood.9Reminded (rem
19、ind) not to drive after drinking, some drivers are still trying their luck.10Lost (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.句型转换1When he was asked about his family, he made no answer.When asked about his family,_he made no answer.2Seriously injured, he had to be taken to the hosp
20、ital.Because he was seriously injured,_he had to be taken to the hospital.3Though he was wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.Wounded,_the brave soldier continued to fight.4Even if Im invited, I wont take part in the party.Even if invited,_I wont take part in the party.5Heated to a high temperature, water will change into vapor.If the water is heated to a high temperature,_it will change into vapor.