1、初一牛津英语七下Unit Four导学案第3课时Grammar【课前热身】一、 默写单词1笼子，鸟笼n _ 2在对面；穿过，横过prep _3在里面 prep _4在外面 prep _5在上面 prep _6在下面 prep _7指示牌n _ 8在上面 prep _9长椅n _答案：cage, across, inside, outside, above, below, sign, over, bench.二、 默写短语1躺在草地上 _ 2一只熊猫宝宝 _3看起来像它的妈妈 _ 4在一个大笼子里 _5过桥 _ 6在商店的前面 _7在商店的后面 _ 8在商店的里面 _9在商店的外面 _ 10在饮
2、料的上面 _ 11在食物的下面 _ 12在长椅上面_13在长椅下面 _ 14在左右边_15坐在长椅上 _答案：lie on the grass, a baby panda, look like its mother, in a big cage, go across the bridge, in front of the shop, inside the shop, outside the shop, above the drinks, below the food, over the bench, under the bench, on the left/right, sit on the
3、bench.三、 句型操练1 这只熊猫宝宝看起来不像它的妈妈。_2 食物在饮料的上面。_3 看！湖面上有两个男孩在划船。_答案：1、 The baby panda doesnt look like its mother.2、 The food is above the drinks.3、 Look! Two boys are rowing a boat on the lake.【温故知新】一、 重点词汇1、What can you see across it？你能看到它对面有什么？（教材P47）【解析】across介词，意为“在对面；穿过，横过”。当across意为“穿过，横过”时，侧重指从物
4、体的表面通过。Tom lives across the road.汤姆住在马路对面。Look left and right before you go across the road.过马路之前，你要左右看一下。【搭配】across from在对面；在对过The shop is across from the park.商店在公园的对面。【特别提醒】cross是动词，across是介词，不能单独作谓语，常与动词walk, run,go等连用此时相当于cross。Be careful when you walk across the road= cross the road.你过马路时要小心。【
5、拓展】through作介词，意为“穿过、通过”,指从事物的内部穿过，如穿过门、窗、洞、城市、隧道等。Times runs through England. 泰晤士河穿过伦敦。2、The food is above the drinks食物在饮料的上面。（教材P48）【解析】above介词，意为“在上面”，表示某物的不垂直上方，反义词是below。There is a picture above the bookshelf.书架上方有一幅画。【辨析】above，over，onabove意为“在上面”，指某物的位置高出另一物体或另一above位置，但并不一定是在垂直上方，两者之间不接触，其反义词是
6、 below。The plane is flying above the building.飞机在大楼上空飞行。over意为“在上面”，指某物在另一物的正上方，两者不接触，其反义词是under。There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。on意为“在上”，指某物在另一物的上面，强调两者表面接触，其反义词是 beneath。There is a cup on the desk.桌上有一个茶杯。3、The drinks are below the food. 饮料在食物下面。（教材p48）【用法详解】below在此处作介词，意为“在.下面”。指处于某物低的位置，
7、不一定在该物的正下方。Under 也意为“在.下面”,表示指处于某物的正下方。There is a shop below the hill.山下有一个商店。The dog is under the table. 狗在桌子下面。4、 bench 可数名词，其复数形式为benches,There are many benches in the park. 公园里有许多长椅子。5、 On the left , a bird is singing in one tree.在左边，一只鸟正在树上唱歌。（教材P48）on the left, 在左边， on the right 在右边，on the lef
8、t / right of.,表示“在.左边/ 右边”People drive on the left in Hong Kong. 在香港人们靠左边行驶。The supermarket sits on the right of the theatre.超市在剧院的右边。On ones left/ right, 在有人的左右边.He stands on the twins right. 他站在双胞胎的右边二、 语法整合（一）冠词的用法1、不定冠词a，an的用法不定冠词a和an用在单数可数名词前。其中a用于发音以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前，如a city，a university；an 用在发音以
9、元音音素开头的单数可数名词前，如an egg，an hour。（提醒：元音音素不等同于元音字母）具体用法如下：首次提到某人或某物，不定冠词起介绍作用。This is an orange.这是一个橘子。Shanghai is a big city.上海是一座大城市。表示数目“一”，但数的概念没有one强烈。A thousand people will go there.一千人将要去那里。We are going to visit Beijing in a week.我们打算一周后游览北京。表示“每一”的概念，相当于each或per。He drives at 50 miles an hour他以每
10、小时50英里的速度开车。I go to the cinema once a month.我每个月去看一次电影。用来泛指某类人或物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。A child needs love.孩子需要爱。An apple is good for your health.苹果对你的健康有好处。用在某些固定短语中。in a hurry 迅速；赶快；匆忙 have a good time 玩得愉快have a rest 休息一下 have a look 看一看【巧学妙记】不定冠词a，an的用法冠词a，an两种帽，单数可数名词要；选帽只需听读音，不看字母看音素；元音起首戴an帽, 辅音起首戴a帽记住
11、规律别乱套。2、定冠词the的用法特指某人或某物，或指前面提到的人或物。There is a bike behind our house. The bike is my mothers.我们屋后有一辆自行车。那辆自行车是我妈妈的。指谈话双方都知道的人或物。-Can you see the birds in the sky？你能看到天空中的那些鸟吗？-Yes，I can.是的，我能看到。用在序数词以及形容词最高级前。He is the first man to come.他是第一个来的人。In our class，Tony is the tallest student.在我们班，托尼是个子最高的
12、学生。用于指世界上独一无二的事物。The sun makes us feel warm.太阳让我们感到温暖。用在表示江河、海洋、山脉、某些国名、某些组织机构、建筑等名词前。the Great Wall 长城 the Yellow River 黄河 the White House 白宫用在表示方向、方位的名词前。in the east 在东部 in the centre 在中间用于play之后，乐器名词之前。play the violin 拉小提琴 play the piano 弹钢琴在某些形容词前加定冠词，表示一类人。the rich 富人 the poor 穷人用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“一家
13、人或一对夫妻”The Whites are doming to see us. 怀特一家人要来看望我们。 用在固定结构中in the morning, all the time, by the way3、零冠词的用法 在国名、人名等某些专有名词前不用冠词。China 中国 America 美国 Mary 玛丽在球类运动、学科名称或一日三餐前不用冠词play football 踢足球 learn English 学英语 have breakfast 吃早饭To save time，many students have lunch at school every day.A.a B.an C./
14、D.the【解析】句意：为了节省时间，许多学生每天在校吃午餐。have lunch是固定短语，中间不加任何冠词。故选C。在季节、月份、节假日、日期、生别子袋示时间的名词前不用冠词。on Friday 在周五 on April 1st在4月1号 in spring 在春天不可数名词或表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不用冠词。Water is very important to us.水对我们来说很重要。Tigers like eating meat.老虎喜欢吃肉。已有物主代词、指示代词等作定语的名词前不用冠词。my book 我的书 those boys 那些男孩在一些固定搭配中不用冠词。by tr
15、ainbus乘火车公共汽车 at home 在家 in danger 处于危险中【特别提醒】在某些词组中，名词前用冠词与不用冠词的意义有所不同：in class 在上课 in the class 在班级中in front of在（外部）的前面 in the front of在.（里面）的前面【考点链接】1、-Who is_ woman in red?-Shes our chemistry teacher,Miss Li.A.a B. an C.the D /【解析】句意：“那个穿红衣服的女士是谁？”她是我们的化学老师李老师。句中in red作定语，对woman进行了限定，表示特指，故用定冠词t
16、he，选C。2、Lily practices playing_piano after school every day.A.a B. an C./ D.the【解析】句意：莉莉每天放学后练习弹钢琴。play the piano为固定搭配，故选D。3、-When is Fathers Day in the United States?-Its on-_third Sunday in June.A.a B.the C./ D. an 【解析】表示“第几”时，序数词前要用定冠词 the。故选B。4、-Will you go to_ school-leavers party tomorrow?-Cer
17、tainly. Im going with my parents.A. A B.an C.the D./【解析】句意：“你要去明天的毕业生聚会吗？”当然。我将和我的父母一起去。根据语境可知，此处表示谈话双方都知道的事物，故用定冠词the，选C。5、What _unusual school trip we had! I will never forget it.A.a B. an C.the D./【解析】句意：我们有一次多么不同寻常的学校旅行呀！我永远不会忘记。此处表示泛指，应该用不定冠词，unusual以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an，选B。（二） 方位介词方位介词：英语中常用方位介词（短语
18、）来表示物体的位置。常用的方位介词（短语）可分为以下几组：方位介词（短语）意义及用法例句at,in意为“在.”，at后面一般跟小地点；in后面一般跟大地点。He isnt at school.He is at home.他不在学校，他在家。How long will you stay in Nanjing？你将在南京待多久？above,below,over,under,onabove在上方，表示高于某物，对应词是 below。over在上方”，指在正上方，不接触表面，对应词是 under。on在上面，两者接触。There is a light above my desk.我的书桌上方有一盏灯。
19、They live below us.他们住在我们楼下。Is there a bridge over the river？河上有座桥吗？There is a ball under my chair.我的椅子下有一个球。My cup is on the table.我的杯子在桌子上。in front of, in the front of,before, behindin front of 意为在的前面”，指在某物外部的前面；in the front of指在某物内部的前面,before 意为“在前面”，其对应词为behind在后面”There is a park in front of our
20、 house.我们房屋的前面有一个公园。The teacher is sitting in the classroom.老师正坐在教室的前面。Jack sits before Jim and behind Amy.杰克坐在吉姆的前面、埃米的后面。Inside,outsideinside在里面，其对应词是outside，意为“在.外面”I am inside the house.我现在在房子里。Who is the lady outside the school gate? 校门外那位女士是谁？beside,next to表示在旁边，两者可以互换。Come and sit beside/next
21、 to me.过来坐在我的旁边.between,among意为在中间，between 表示在两者之间或两两之间；among 表示在三者（或三者以上）之间。There is a bench between the two trees.这两棵树之间有一条长椅。Understanding between friends is very important.朋友间的相互理解是很重要的。She lives in that house among the trees.她住在树林中的那座房子里。【中考链接】1. I will meet my friend_（在）the airport.2.Which roo
22、m are you going to live_（在里）？3. There is a video shop_（在旁边）the bookshop.4.Mum often puts that box_（在下面）the bed.5. There is a small house_（在当中）the trees.答案：at, inside, beside/next to, under, among【小试身手】一、 根据句意在需要的地方填上a, an和the.1. There is _ picture of _ elephant on _ wall.2. _ elephant is much heavie
23、r than _ horse.3. There is _woman over there. _ woman is Meimeis mother.4. _ sun rises in _ east.5. _ Turners are living at the end of _ Turner Street.答案：1、a,an, the 2、An, a 3、a, The 4、The. The 5、The, /二根据句意、首字母或汉语提示完成单词。1. Look at the _ (指示牌). You cant smoke here2. There is a plane _（在的上面）the build
24、ing.3. Go _（横过）the road, then turn left, and you will find the supermarket.4. Its not bad for animals to stay in the _ (笼子).5. You can sit on the _ (长椅) to have a rest.答案:sign, above, across, cage, bench二、 根据句意，用介词填空。1. Beijing is _ the north of China.2. The twins usually stand _ their parents, and
25、their parents are in the middle.3. There is a map of China _ the wall of our classroom.4. She will leave her homework_ the teachers desk after school today.5. You must ride your bike_ the right side of the road.6. Mr. Smith lives _ that building. His house is _the fifth floor.7. The boy is shorter t
26、han his friend, so he sits _ him in the classroom.8. The flowers are _ the vase on the desk.9. He puts a painting on the wall _the sofa.10. The teachers desk is _ the front of the classroom. 答案：in, between, on, on, on, in, on, in front of, in, above, in三、 单项选择。根据句意、首字母或汉语提示完成单词。( ) 1. Wed better not
27、 read _ the sun. I agree. Its bad for our eyes. A. in B. with C. under D. below( ) 2. Look at the wall. There are some pictures _it. A. in B. on C. to D. at( ) 3. There are a lot of trees _ the river. A. on B. along C. in D. above( ) 4. Look! The post office is right on _ side of the street. A. the other B. other C. another D. the others( ) 5. When you come out of Sunshine Park, youll see a bridge _ a small river. A. on B. over C. across D. above( ) 6. They will go _ a field and _ a forest. A. along; through B. through; across C. across; through D. over; through答案：AABABC
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