1、Section_Learning_about_Language.高频单词点击1shabby (adj.)破旧的；褴褛的shabbiness (n.)邋遢2rainbow (n.)彩虹3acute (adj.)敏锐的acutely (adv.)锐利地acuteness (n.)敏锐；锐利4bent (adj.)弯曲的bend (v.)弯曲 (n.)转弯；弯曲5currency (n.)货币；通货current (adj.)通用的；现在的 (n.)潮流currently (adv.)目前；当前6cuisine (n.)烹饪(法)7educator (n.)教育家educate (v.)教育educ
2、ation (n.)教育8seminar (n.) 研讨会；讨论发言会9acquisition (n.)获得；习得acquire (v.)获得acquired (adj.)习得的；养成的10ballet (n.)芭蕾舞11album (n.)薄；册；唱片集.常用句型必备I opened the oven to_find my daughters cake on fire. .单元语法聚焦The Subjunctive Mood (虚拟语气)1shabby adj.(1)破旧的；褴褛的You looked rather shabby in those clothes.你穿那种衣服看上去很寒酸。H
3、e is a tramp in shabby clothes.他是个衣衫褴褛的流浪汉。(2)卑鄙的；不公正的He gave me a shabby excuse.他给了我一个不正当的借口。即境活用1完成句子(1)The old captain returned in_shabby_clothes (穿着破旧的衣服)(2)The boss often plays_a_shabby_trick (耍卑鄙的手段) on his workers.2acute adj.(1)敏锐的She still has very acute hearing, though she is eighty years o
4、ld.尽管她已经八十岁了，但她的听觉仍然很灵敏。(2)医急性的；剧烈的My legs are in acute pain.我的腿痛得厉害。acutely adv.锐利地；剧烈地acuteness n. 敏锐；锐利即境活用2 用acute的适当形式填空(1)He must have felt acutely disappointed when his job went to another man.(2)She complained of acute pains in her chest.3bent adj.弯曲的；一心的The handle is bent.手柄弯曲了。bend v& n 弯曲
5、；转弯bend (sb.) to . (使某人)屈从于bend ones knees 屈膝be bent on (doing) sth. 决心，专心致志做某事He is bent on winning at all costs.他决心不惜一切去争取胜利。Well not bend to the will of anyone.我们不会屈从于任何人的意志。即境活用3单句改错(1)He tried to bend his daughter under his wishes.underto(2)She is bent to becoming a film star when she grows up.
6、toon4acquisition nU取得；获得；习得；C获得物；增添的人(或物)Some people are only interested in the acquisition of wealth.有些人只对获取财富感兴趣。This is the latest acquisition to my library.这本是我最近增添的藏书。acquire vt.取得；获得；学到(知识等)acquired adj. 养成的；习得的He acquired much knowledge of repairing computers.他获得了许多电脑维修知识。With the help of his
7、 English teacher, he acquired many good methods of English learning.在英语老师的帮助下，他学到了许多英语学习的好方法。即境活用4 用acquisition的适当形式填空(1)How did he acquire the habit of stealing?(2)He is a valuable acquisition to the team.(3)Abstract art is an acquired taste.I opened the oven to_find my daughters cake on fire.我打开烤箱
8、发现女儿的蛋糕着火了。to find .是不定式短语作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果。在该用法中，不定式的前面常常带有only。He hurried to school only to find the gate locked.他匆匆赶到学校结果发现大门关着。温馨提示： ing形式作结果状语时，表示自然而然的结果。He fell from the tree, breaking his left leg.他从树上掉下来，把左腿摔断了。即境活用5完成句子(1)John hurried to the theatre, only_to_find_the_tickets_had_been_sold_out
9、 (结果发现票已经卖完了)(2)The typhoon hit the coast，leaving_many_people_homeless (使得很多人无家可归) 虚 拟 语 气虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等，一般常用于正式的书面语中。一、虚拟语气在条件句中的运用1虚拟语气在条件句中的谓语动词形式如下：if条件从句主句与现在事实相反did/wereshould/could/might/ would动词原形与过去事实相反had过去分词should/could/might/ wouldhave done与将来事实相反did/should
10、动词原形/were to动词原形should/could/might/ would动词原形If I were ten years younger, I would start all over again.如果我年轻10岁，我会从头开始的。(与现在事实相反)You might have seen Mr.Smith if you had attended the lecture.如果你参加了讲座，你也许会见到史密斯先生的。(与过去事实相反)If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.假如明天下雨，我们就待在家里。(与将来事实相反)2虚拟条件
11、句的省略和倒装如果条件句中的if省略，须把条件句中的were, had, should放在条件从句的主语前面，从而构成倒装语序。Had it not been for his help, I couldnt have finished the work in time.要不是他的帮助，我是不会及时完成这个工作的。Were you a bird, you could fly in the sky.如果你是一只小鸟，就能在天空中飞翔了。3错综时间条件句(混合虚拟语气)当虚拟语气的主从句所指的时间不一致时，应该根据各自谓语动词发生的时间采用相应的形式。If you had taken my advi
12、ce, you would know what to do now.要是那时你听我劝告的话，你现在就知道该做什么了。4含蓄虚拟条件句有时假设的条件不通过条件从句表达出来，而是暗含在单词、短语或上下文中，这时需要根据句中所表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词来判断此时需要采用的形式。常用词或短语有：without, but for, or, otherwise, with, but, even, in case of等。Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果给予更多的关注，这些树就会长得更好。Without/But for
13、your help I couldnt have returned home safely.要不是你的帮助，我是不会安全回家的。He would have gone to the party, but he was ill yesterday.他昨天想去参加宴会，但是那时他病了。The firemen arrived in time.Otherwise the house would have been burnt to the ground.消防队员及时赶到了，不然的话，房子就烧毁了。二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用1宾语从句中的虚拟语气(1)在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等动词后的宾语从句中
14、，谓语用“should动词原形”，should可省略。一坚持：insist二命令：order, command三建议：suggest, propose, advise四要求：request, require, demand, askThe doctor advised that he (should) change his job.医生劝他换工作。温馨提示：suggest表“暗示；表明”，insist表“坚持认为”时，不用虚拟语气。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的笑容表明他对我们的工
15、作很满意。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.那个人坚持说他没有偷钱。(2)wish后的宾语从句时间谓语动词的虚拟形式对现在的虚拟一般过去时(be动词常用were)对将来的虚拟would/could/might动词原形对过去的虚拟had过去分词I wish I remembered his Email.我希望我记得他的邮箱地址。(现在)I wish I had studied hard.我多么希望我那时学习刻苦。(过去)I wish you would go with us tomorrow.但愿你明天跟我们一块去。(将来)(
16、3)would rather后的宾语从句也要用虚拟语气，一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反，过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。Id rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。Id rather you had passed the exam.我宁愿你通过了考试。2主语从句中的虚拟语气It is desired/suggested/proposed/required/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pitythat从句，从句中谓语动词用should动词原形，should可以省略。It is important that you sh
17、ould come here soon.你快点来很重要。It is suggested that the old man should be sent to hospital immediately.有人建议立即把老人送往医院。3表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气advice, demand, desire, order, request, suggestion, proposal, requirement, recommendation等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。We all agreed to his suggestion th
18、at we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing.我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。Their desire was that a treaty should be signed at once.他们的愿望是马上签订协约。三、虚拟语气的其他用法1even if (though)，as if (though)从句以及if only后的句子常用虚拟语气。时间谓语动词的虚拟形式对过去的虚拟had过去分词对现在的虚拟一般过去时(be动词常用were)对将来的虚拟would/could/might动词原形He treats the little girl as i
19、f she were his own daughter.他对待这个小女孩就像她是自己的亲生女儿一样。If only I had seen the film!我要是看了那部电影多好啊！温馨提示：even if (though)如果叙述的是事实，as if(though)如果有明显的迹象表示“有可能实现的事实”时，不用虚拟语气。It is so cloudy.It looks as if it is going to rain.阴天了，似乎要下雨。2It is (high/about) time that .结构中，从句谓语动词要用过去时或用“should动词原形(但should不可省略)”来表示
20、虚拟语气。It is (about) time that we had/should have a holiday.是我们该度假的时候了。It is high time that you taught/should teach him a lesson.你该教训一下他了。.单句语法填空1He hurried to the station only to_find (find) that the train had left.2Id rather you had_seen (see) the film yesterday.3Look at the trouble I am in! If only
21、 I had_followed(follow) your advice.4Doctors in this hospital recommended that the patient (should)_do (do) some light manual labor.5He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would_have_scored(score) a goal.6Though he looked shabby (shabbiness) in the old clothes, he was a weal
22、thy man.7His hearing is acute (acutely), so he is bent on becoming a musician.8Were it to rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off until the same time next week.9If we had_taken (take) such effective measures much earlier, the river would not be polluted so seriously now.10But for your advice
23、, I would_have_been_caught(catch) in the traffic and I wouldnt have been there on time.用虚拟语气完成下列片段朋友们建议为玛丽举行一个生日聚会。昨天晚上当所有的工作完成之后，我本应该去参加聚会的。据说玛丽认为昨天能遇见我就好了。如果昨晚我参加了聚会，一切都会不一样。是我该向她道歉的时候了，我真心希望我能做点什么来安慰她。我宁愿现在就去。My friends had made a proposal that we (should)_hold a party for Marys birthday.With all
24、 the work finished, I should_have_gone_to the party last night.It was said that Mary wished she had_met me yesterday.If I _had_gone_to the party last night, everything would_have_been_different. Its time I made_an_apology to her.I sincerely wish that I could_do_something to comfort her.Id rather I w
25、ent now.完形填空To master a language one must be able to speak and understand the spoken language as well as to read and write it.Lenin and his wife Krupskaya _1_ a long English book into Russian.But when they went to England in 1902, _2_ people couldnt understand a word they said and they couldnt under
26、stand _3_ was said to them.These days more and more foreigners are coming to China and _4_ Chinese are going out to foreign countries to work or study._5_ the spoken language is becoming more and more important.Speaking, of course, cant go without _6_.If you want to pronounce a word _7_， first you m
27、ust hear it correctly.If you dont listen carefully, youll find it difficult or even _8_ to understand the native speakers.Well, what about writing？Like speaking, its to _9_ ideas.People generally use shorter words and shorter sentences in their writing.The important thing is to make your idea _10_ i
28、n your head and then to write it in clear and lively language.Chinese students read far too slowly.If you read fast, you _11_ better.If you read too slowly, by the time you have reached the end of a page you have forgotten what the _12_ is about.When you _13_ new words, dont look them up in the dict
29、ionary.Guess the meaning from the _14_.You may not guess quite correctly the first time, but as new words _15_ again and again in different contexts, their meaning will become clearer and clearer.If you look up every word, youll never _16_ a book.Students of a foreign language need a _17_ knowledge,
30、 the knowledge of the life, history and geography of the people whose _18_ they are studying.They should study these subjects in the foreign language, not only in translation.In this way one _19_ kill two birds with one stone：learn a foreign language and _20_ some knowledge of the foreign country at
31、 the same time.1A.takenBkeptCwrote Dtranslated解析：选D根据下文的意思可以判断：列宁和其夫人虽然能将长篇英语书译成俄语，却很难与英国人交流。translate . into .“把译成”。2A.English BRussianCChinese DFrench解析：选A结合上文，他们去的是英国，因此应该是英国人听不懂他们说的英语。3A.how BwhatCwhy Dwhich解析：选B强调“所说的话”，what与say有逻辑上的动宾关系，而say用的是被动语态，因此what是宾语从句的主语。4A.few BmuchCmore Dsome解析：选C与上
32、文联系可判断应填more。与上文more and more相对应。5A.So BButCThen DOr解析：选A上下文之间是因果关系，因此填So。6A.listening BsayingCreading Dwriting解析：选A下文的hear及语篇已给出暗示，另外“听”与“说”相对应。7A.wrongly BcorrectlyCquickly Dslowly解析：选B根据下文意思可以判断，要想发音正确，首先得听正确。8A.important BimpossibleCimpatient Dimaginable解析：选B由上文的dont listen carefully可以判断：如果不仔细听，
33、是不可能听懂本地人讲话的。9A.change BexchangeCgive Dknow解析：选Bexchange ideas“交流观点，交换看法”。10A.clear BcleanCclever Dclose解析：选A根据下文的“to write it in clear and lively language”可以得出结论。11A.forget BunderstandCreach Dguess解析：选B根据本段大意可知：如果读得快，理解得就会更好。12A.end BbeginningCmiddle Dfront解析：选B根据上文的reached the end of a page可以判断：应该
34、用beginning与end相对应。13A.work on Blook forCmeet with Dput down解析：选C根据句意：遇到生词，不要急于查词典，应选meet with“遇见”。14A.words BdictionaryCcontext Dtopic解析：选C根据下文可知应填“上下文(context)”。句意为：根据上下文来猜测词义。15A.go up Brise upCbring up Dcome up解析：选D句意为：随着生词不断地在上、下文中出现，因此应选come up“出现”。16A.start BfinishClast Dread解析：选B根据上文可知句意为：如果查
35、阅每个生词，那就不能完成(finish)一本书。17A.particular BspecialCmain Dcommon解析：选A句意为：学外语的学生需要“特定的”知识。particular“特定的；独特的”；而special表示“专门的”；C、D两项均不合句意。18A.family BcountryClanguage Dculture解析：选C由上文可知：学习外语需要了解当地的地理知识。whose作定语修饰language充当study的逻辑宾语。19A.should BmustCcan Dshall解析：选C句意为：用这种办法一个人能够(can)做到一石二鸟。20A.bring Bshow
36、Cmake Dget解析：选D与本段开头第一句话相呼应，应填get“获得；得到”。.阅读理解We live in a sweet world. The average American kid consumes more than 20 teaspoons of sugar per day, and adults eat 50% more sugar today than they did in the 1970s. We all know that too much sugar isnt good for you. But did we know it could be dangerous?
37、 A team of researchers at the University of Utah used mice to conduct a study on the negative effects of sugar. They found it could have serious effects on peoples health.Sugar is found not only in sweets, but also in many other items like bread and noodles.During the 58weeklong study, mice were fed
38、 a diet containing 25% more sugar. This percentage equals a healthy human diet along with three cans of soda daily. The team found that these mice were twice as likely to die as mice fed a similar diet without the sugar. Though the mice did not show signs of obesity or high blood pressure, male mice
39、 produced 25% fewer offspring (幼崽，后代) than the other mice.Scientists often use mice for research because they have a similar genetic (基因) structure to humans. “Since most substances that are dangerous in mice are also dangerous in people, its likely that those physical problems that cause those mice
40、 to have increased deaths also work in people，” says James Ruff of the University of Utah. Findings from this study reveal negative effects that are not as noticeable as heart problems. Sugar can contribute to longterm changes in the body that can change development and even shorten lives.Cutting su
41、gar out of the American diet altogether may be difficult. But making the effort to control our nations sugar desire will provide for a truly sweeter future.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。很多美国人都爱吃甜食。但是最近美国犹他大学的研究者发现，摄入过多的糖分有害健康。这为爱吃甜食的人们敲响了警钟。1The study conducted by researchers aimed at learning about _.Athe advantag
42、es and disadvantages of sugarBthe negative effects of sugar on peoples healthCthe genetic structure of miceDAmericans eating habit解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“A team of researchers . effects on peoples health.” 可知，研究者们进行研究是为了了解糖分对人体健康造成的负面影响。故答案选B。2According to the study, which of the following statements i
43、s WRONG?ASugar can even shorten lives.BSugars negative effects are not noticeable.CEating sugar can make mice put on weight and get high blood pressure.DMice are more likely to die when fed a diet containing 25% more sugar.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，糖分可以长时间作用于人体，摄入过多甚至会缩短寿命，所以A项表述正确；根据第四段第三句可知，糖分对人体的负面影
44、响没有那么显著，所以B项表述正确；根据第三段第一句和第三句可知，老鼠吃了含糖量超过25%的食物更有可能会死亡，所以D项表述正确；根据第三段最后一句可知，吃糖不一定会使老鼠的体重增加或引起高血压，所以C项表述不正确。故答案选C。3From the passage we can infer _.Asugar plays a very important role in Americans dietBkids consume more sugar than adults in AmericaCsugar contributes to high blood pressureDthe genetic s
45、tructure of mice is totally different from that of people解析：选A推理判断题。根据第一段第二句及最后一段第一句可推知，糖在美国人的饮食中起很大的作用。故答案选A。4Whats the best title of the passage?ALiving a sweet lifeBKids consume much more sugarCGenetic structure of humansDDanger of too much sugar解析：选D标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了最近美国犹他大学的最新研究成果：摄入过多的糖分有害健康。这为爱吃甜食的人们敲响了警钟。D项概括了文章主旨。故答案选D。