1、Section Welcome to the unit & ReadingLanguage points一、这样记单词 记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.debate n&vi. 辩论；争论，讨论2.flow vi. 流畅地进行 n. 流动；连贯3.duty n. 责任，义务，本分4.recycle v. 回收利用5.pipe n. 管子，管道6.greedy adj. 贪婪的，贪心的7.credit n. 赞扬，称赞，认可8.quantity n. 数量9.raw adj. 原始的10.pump vt.&vi. 涌出；涌流 n. 泵；抽水机.拓展词汇1.environmental adj
2、.环境的environment n环境2.responsibility n责任responsible adj.负责的3.consultant n顾问consult v咨询；请教4.production n产量；生产product n产品；产量produce vt.& vi.生产，制造5.businessman n企业家business n商业6.belief n看法；信念believe v相信，信以为真7.operate vt.& vi.经营；动手术operation n运转，操作operator n操作员，接线员8.willing adj.愿(乐)意的unwilling adj.不乐意的9.
3、goods n商品，货品good adj.好的 1. 各种“论”法talk n&v. 谈论，议论discuss vi. 讨论，论述argue v. 争论；辩论debate n&vi. 辩论，讨论comment n&v. 评论remark n&v. 评论，谈论theory n. 理论conclude v. 做出结论2.含cycle的单词一览bicycle n. 自行车motorcycle n. 摩托车tricycle n. 三轮车recycle v. 回收利用3.“形容词s”变成名词的单词荟萃new新的news 消息，新闻good好的goods 货品，商品short短的shorts 短裤chem
4、ical化学的chemicals 化学药品economic经济的economics 经济学4.“生产，制造”家族make vt. 制造yield v. 出产produce v. 生产，制造manufacture vt. 制造，加工二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.open the floor 自由发言2cut back on 减少，削减，缩减3pick up 捡起；学会；用车接4use up 用尽，耗尽5run out(of) 用完，耗尽6be concerned about 对关心7as long as 只要8cut down 砍倒；削减9at the same time 同时；然而
5、10ask around 四处打听1.a business development consultant企业发展顾问2hiding from their responsibilities 逃避责任3present their views 陈述他们的观点4make a final decision 做最终决定5chemical waste 化学废物6water pollution 水污染7have a problem with population 有一个关于人口的问题8keep growing 持续增长9keep the Earth clean and healthy 保持地球清洁、健康10a
6、 little bit of pollution 一点儿污染三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society, and Mr Qian Liwei, a business development consultant. 和我在一起的嘉宾是来自绿色协会的林水清女士和企业发展顾问钱利伟先生。“介词短语be动词主语”构成的完全倒装句。Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys. 这些商品里有圣诞树、花儿、蜡烛和玩具。2.The w
7、orlds population has grown by six times what it was in 1800. 与1800年相比，世界人口的数量已经增长了六倍。“倍数what从句”构成的倍数表达句。The number of the rural leftbehind children is five times what it was ten years ago. 农村留守儿童的数量是十年前的五倍。3.What if they run out?如果它们被用完了怎么办呢？What if引导的句子表示假设，可译为“如果怎么办呢？”What if it rains when we cant
8、 get under shelter?假若下起雨来，我们又没处避雨怎么办？1(教材P22)Todays debate question is，The economy or the environment must we choose？今天辩论的问题是“经济还是环境我们必须做出选择吗？”debate n辩论；争论，讨论vt.& vi.辩论，讨论(1)under debate 在讨论中a debate on/about/over . 关于的辩论(2)debate (about) sth. 辩论/讨论某事debate with sb. on/about sth. 就某事与某人争辩There is a
9、 growing debate about the most effective way for students to study.人们对学生学习的最有效的方法讨论得很激烈。One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.其中一个在讨论中的问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。Then, some students will have a debate on/about/over how to learn English well.然后，一些学生就如何学好英语进行辩论。She often de
10、bates with classmates about/on the meaning of “happiness”她经常和同学们辩论“幸福”的意义。辨析比较debate, argue, quarreldebate指正式的辩论，通常在一位仲裁人的主持下，按照一定的规则进行，双方各自陈述理由argue是指说理、论证，侧重于摆出事实，试图说服对方，也可能是激烈地交换意见，以致争吵quarrel“争吵，吵架”，指因小事发生口角形象记忆 选用上述单词填空The couple was quarreling about whose turn it was to cook the dinner.这对夫妇正在就
11、该谁做饭而争吵。I argued with her for a long time, but she pretended not to hear me.我和她争论了很长时间，而她假装没听见我说话。We have been debating about the desertification.我们一直在就沙漠化问题进行讨论。2(教材P22)Then we will open the floor for discussion.然后我们将展开自由讨论。open the floor自由发言 have/get the floor有/取得发言权take the floor 开始发言/讲话You can o
12、pen the floor at the meeting and express yourself.在会议上你可以自由发言，表达自己的观点。The president then took the floor and expressed his attitude towards the global protection.总统随后讲话并就地球保护问题表明了态度。He hoped he would get the floor at the conference.他希望在会议上能够获得发言权。3(教材P22)It is our duty to try to cut back on productio
13、n and reduce the number of things we make and buy.我们有责任努力削减生产，减少制造和购买物品的数量。cut back on (cut down on)减少，削减，缩减cut up切碎cut down 砍倒；减少cut in 插嘴；强行超车cut out 切去，剪去；删掉cut off 切除，剪下，切断，断绝We oppose any plan to cut back on the education budget.我们反对任何削减教育预算的计划。He cut in on our conversation from time to time.我们
14、谈话时他不时地插话。What worries us is that this is the third time the electricity has been cut off this week.让我们担忧的是，这已经是本周内第三次停电了。4(教材P23)They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only worrying about money.他们会想到那些逃避责任并且只想着赚钱的贪婪的商人。responsibility n责任，职责，义务 (1)have responsibility
15、 for (doing) sth.有(做)某事的责任take responsibility for (doing) sth. 承担(做)某事的责任It is ones responsibility to do . 做是某人的责任(2)responsible adj. 有责任的，可靠的， 可依赖的，负责的be responsible for 对负责Although I can enjoy more freedom, at the same time I realize that being a grownup not only means this, but also more responsi
16、bilities.尽管我能享受更多的自由，但同时我也意识到作为成年人不仅意味着这个，而且也意味着更多责任。The government plans to make new laws forcing parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.政府计划制定新的法律来迫使父母为孩子的教育承担更多的责任。Last but not least, its everyones responsibility to make (make) good use of water, such as recycling
17、 and saving water in our daily life.最后但同样重要的是，充分利用水，比如在我们的日常生活中循环使用或者节约用水，是每个人的责任。He is responsible for his work and glad to help students any time.他对他的工作很负责并且乐意随时帮助学生们。5(教材P23)People often have this belief that development is bad for the environment, but this does not have to be true.人们常常认为经济发展对环境有
18、害，但这未必是正确的。belief n看法；信念；信仰；宗教信条(1)beyond belief难以置信in the belief that . 相信its my belief that . 我相信have belief in . 对有信心hold a/the firm belief that . 坚信(2)believe v. 相信，认为believe in 信任，信赖Believe sb. 相信某人的话Its a popular belief that a fishs memory can only last a few seconds.人们普遍认为鱼的记忆只能持续几秒钟。It is be
19、yond belief that his aunt, an 80yearold lady, can sing and dance so wonderfully.他的姑姑，一位80岁的老太太能唱得跳得那么好，真是令人难以置信。He came to debate with me in the belief that I would agree with him.他来同我辩论，相信我会同意他的观点。I hold a/the firm belief that volunteer work brings more benefits than problems to students.我坚信，志愿者工作会
20、给学生带来更多的益处而不是问题。6(教材P23)The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.这些工厂的经营者非常关心环境。operate vt.操作，经营 vi.动手术；经营；工作，运转(1)operate well/badly 运转好/坏operate on sb. 给某人动手术(2)operation n. 手术；运转，运行，操作come into operation 开始工作；开始生效in operation 工作中；使用中；有效bring/put . into opera
21、tion 使实施/生效For most people, its almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet.对多数人来说，没有鼠标操作电脑几乎是不可能的，更不用说上网了。The doctor said that the patient had to be operated on at once, which made us all worried.医生说这个病人必须立刻做手术，这使我们都非常担心。The program has to be examined before
22、 it is brought/put into operation.这个计划在实施之前需要审查。The system has been in operation for six months.这个系统已经运行六个月了。7(教材P23)We need to stop thinking of companies and businessmen as the enemy, and give them more credit!我们应该停止将这些公司和商人视为敌人，而应给他们更多的赞誉！credit n赞扬，称赞，认可；信用，信誉；学分to ones credit某人值得赞扬/钦佩do sb./sth.
23、 credit do credit to sb./sth. 某人/某物值得赞扬credit card/limit 信用卡/额度on credit 赊账I cant take any credit. I admit the others did all the work.我不能接受任何荣誉。我承认所有的工作都是别人做的。Your honesty does you great credit.Your honesty does great credit to you.你的诚实值得大大表扬。Credit cards enable holders to obtain goods and services
24、 on credit.信用卡能使持卡人通过赊账的方式购买商品和得到服务。8(教材P23)Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save the environment.林女士建议我们应当削减生产量来拯救环境。quantity n数量；大量，大批(large) quantities of .许多，大量a large/small quantity of . 大量/少量in large/small quantities 大量地/少量地in quantity 大量，许多T
25、his company is more concerned with quality than with quantity.这家公司对质量比对产量更重视。A large quantity of money has been collected to help those suffering from the floods. Large quantities of money have been collected to help those suffering from the floods.已募集了大量的善款来帮助那些遭受水灾的人们。In order to save money, they
26、buy goods in quantity(in large quantities)为了省钱，他们大量地购物。名师点津a large quantity of修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；large quantities of修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。9(教材P25)The number of people in the world keeps growing, and we are producing more rubbish and using up more raw materials.世界的人口在不断地增长，并且我们正在制造更多的垃圾、用光更多的原材料。use up用
27、尽，吃(喝)光(可用于被动语态)We are using up our natural resources too quickly, and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.我们正在迅速地用尽我们的自然资源，同时，我们还在用危险的化学品污染着我们的环境。When all his money had been used up, Peter had to turn to a friend for help.当他的钱全都用光时，彼得只好求助于一个朋友帮忙。10(教材P25)What
28、if they run out?如果它们被用完了怎么办呢？run out用完，耗尽run out give out/be used up(被)用完，(被)耗尽run out of use up 用完(光)，耗尽My money has run out, so I have to draw some from the bank.我的钱用光了，所以我只好从银行里提一些。Two weeks passed and my patience was running out.两周过去了，我有点忍无可忍了。She has run out of (used up) her money and mine is r
29、unning out (is being used up/is giving out)她已用光了她的钱，我的钱也快用光了。辨析比较run/give out, run out of, use uprun/give out“被用完，被耗尽”，是不及物动词短语，主语通常是物，不用于被动语态run out of“用完”，是及物动词短语，主语通常是人，一般不用于被动语态use up“用完，耗尽；使筋疲力尽”，为及物动词短语，后面接宾语，可用于被动语态选用上述短语填空The hot water in the pot has been used up.壶里的热水已经用完了。Our supplies soon
30、 ran/gave out after a long march.长途行军之后，我们的给养很快用完了。I need your help, for I have run out of my money/used up my money.我需要你的帮助，因为我的钱用完了。1. With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society, and Mr Qian Liwei, a business development consultant. 和我在一起的嘉宾是来自绿色协会的林水清女士和企业发展顾问钱利伟先生。句中With me are Ms Lin S
31、huiqing .是 “介词短语be动词主语”的完全倒装结构。With her was a man of no more than forty.和她在一起的是一个不超过40岁的男子。英语中完全倒装的常见情况还有：(1)here, there, now, then等副词位于句首，句子的谓语动词为be, come, go等，且句子的主语是名词时，句子的主谓常完全倒装。Now comes your turn.现在该你了。(2)为了生动地描写动作，可以把in, out, away, up, down, off等表示趋向的副词放在句首。当句子的谓语动词为go, fly, rush, run等表示动作的动
32、词，且句子的主语是名词时，句子的主谓常完全倒装。Away flew the bird.鸟飞走了。名师点津上述句型中，当主语是代词时，则句子的主谓不用倒装。Here he comes.他来了。(3)表示方位的介词短语位于句首，句子的谓语是表示存在意义的动词(如lie, stand, live, sit, exist等)时，句子的主谓常完全倒装。Beyond the river lives (live) an old fisherman.有个老渔夫住在河的对岸。名师点津在完全倒装句式中，谓语动词的数要与主语的数保持一致。2The worlds population has grown by six
33、 times what it was in 1800.与1800年相比，世界人口的数量已经增长了六倍。(1)句中“six timeswhat从句”是一种倍数的表达结构。The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was five years ago.我们学校的学生数量是五年前的十倍。Our income is now two times/double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。(2)倍数表达法的其他结构：(1)倍数as形容词或副词原级as比较对象(2)倍数
34、形容词或副词比较级than比较对象(3)倍数the名词(表示量度)of比较对象This room is twice as large as that one.这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。The car runs twice faster than that truck.这辆小轿车的速度是那辆卡车的两倍。This book is three times the length of that one.这本书的篇幅是那本书的三倍。3What if they run out?如果它们被用完了怎么办呢？What if为连词词组，意为“如果怎么办”或“即使又有什么关系”，位于句首，引导条件句。句中可以用陈
35、述语气，也可用虚拟语气。What if可看成是What would sb. do if ., What would happen if .或What does it matter if .的省略。What if there were no electricity?如果没有电会怎样呢？What if an ambulance rushing a seriously sick patient to the hospital gets stuck?如果一辆正把重症病人急速送往医院的救护车被堵住了怎么办呢？类似what if的常用省略结构：How come .？怎么会？What/How about .
36、? 怎么样？So what? 那又怎样？What for? 为何目的？Guess what? 你猜怎么着？If she spent five years in Paris, how come her French is so bad?如果她在巴黎待了五年，她的法语怎么还会这样糟糕？You are late again.So what?你又迟到了。那又怎样？.单句语法填空1I do wish you wouldnt use up all the hot water.2His improved performance does credit to his trainer.3Large quanti
37、ties of polluted water are (be) flowing into the sea now.4Since you have your report, now we will open the floor for discussion.5The question to be debated (debate) tomorrow is whether income tax should be increased.6My suggestion is that we try to cut back on the labour costs.7It is our belief that
38、 improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.8Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running out. We must act immediately before theres none left. .完成句子1我们的图书馆在校园的中心位置。(倒装结构)In the center of our school is our library.2如果我们遇到我们任何人都处理不了的情况怎么办呢？ (what if)What if we
39、 meet with a situation (that/which) none of us are able to deal with?3这个房子的价格是2008年时的三倍。(what)The price of the house is three times what it was in 2008.4别担心，出了问题我来承担责任。(responsibility)Dont worry. If anything goes wrong, Ill take responsibility for it.5杰克在父亲经营的一家煤矿里工作。(operate)Jack works in a coal mi
40、ne operated by his father.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高.单词拼写1Dont be so greedy (贪婪的) leave some of the food for the rest of us.2Operating (操作) the personal computer is also one of my advantages.3As middle school students, we should take responsibility (责任) to do what we can for society.4She said the program is bas
41、ed on respect for those who have different beliefs (信仰)5There are still many problems of environmental (环境的) protection in recent years.6Of all the consultants (顾问), only Mr. Wang gave us some advice on how to recycle the waste.7Many parents are willing (愿意的)to do anything to make sure that their ch
42、ildren live a good life.8Dont throw away the old newspaper which can be recycled (回收). For example, we can make it into an envelope.单句改错1There is debate about his fitness for the highest office.debate前加a2She acted in belief that she was doing good.in后加the3You were on the duty yesterday. You ought to
43、 have cleaned the office.去掉第一个the4The doctor told me to cut back of exercise until my back injury heals.ofon5We climbed up hard and breathed the fresh air greedy. greedygreedily6Its important for him to have a operation as soon as possible.aan7A large quantity of airconditioners have been sold since
44、 the temperature is high.havehas8They had to return from the hiking in the desert, for their food almost ran out of.去掉of.选词填空cut back on， open the floor， large quantities of， be concerned about， be willing to， what if， turn into， use up 1What if it rains tomorrow? Shall we call off the match?2At the
45、 end of the meeting, well open the floor for discussion.3With all his money used up, the old man had to make a living by begging.4People are concerned about the environmental problems such as global warming.5My father used to be a heavy smoker, but now he has cut back on smoking.6What used to be con
46、sidered impossible has now turned into realities.7Only in this way can the public be willing to join in the “Save Power and Reduce Carbon Dioxide” activity.8Its important to awake businessmens awareness of environment because large quantities of poisonous gas are caused by traffics.课文语法填空This text i
47、s a debate. The question is The economy 1.or the environment must we choose？ Lin Shuiqing is from the Green Society. She thinks environmental 2.protection (protect) is more important. The following are her opinions. Factories produce large amounts 3.of harmful chemicals. Many places have been destro
48、yed. Many plants and animals have died. 4.Fishing (fish) boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs. Also, the worlds population has grown by six times 5.what it was in 1800. The figure is now about 7 billion people!So people should cut back 6.on production, and think mor
49、e about recycling. It would teach people about 7.environmentally (environment) friendly ways of living.Qian Liwei is a business development consultant. He thinks that many factories are concerned 8.about the environment and have done something to protect it. Cutting back on production to save the en
50、vironment is not wise, as people are more important than fish and trees. Recycling may be 9.the key to helping both sides. He also thinks that those factories which pollute the environment should have to pay 10.higher (high) taxes.串点成篇微表达 上周五，我们班和另外一个班就如何保护我们的校园环境进行了一场辩论(debate)。一些学生认为(hold the beli
51、ef that)，人人都应该担起责任(take ones responsibility)，减少(cut back on)花在零食或垃圾食品上的零用钱。那些不到处扔包装纸的学生应该受到表扬(it does sb. credit that)。欢迎任何零用钱花(use up)不了的同学捐出一部分来给穷人。我认为，在我们的零用钱花完(run out) 之前做些有意义的事情是值得的。Last Friday, our class had a debate about how to protect our school environment against another class. Some stud
52、ents held the belief that everyone should take his or her responsibility to cut back on their pocket money on snacks or junk food. It does him or her credit that whoever doesnt throw wrapping papers everywhere. Anyone whose pocket money can not be used up is welcome to donate some to the poor people
53、. In my opinion, its worthwhile to do something meaningful before our pocket money is running out. 二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.完形填空“Theres nothing I can do，” the eye doctor told my parents. “Take your baby home. Shes 1 .” Mom cried. “Ill give her a full, happy life，” Dad 2 .As I grew, my parents realized I coul
54、d see 3 . One day after school, my dad saw me holding Dick and Jane close to my eyes, 4 to read the letters. “Dad, I cant do this. Its too 5 .” I said.“Honey, youre not a quitter. Ill help you.” He painstakingly drew 6 Big enough for me to see and then pronounced them. I learned to read after my fat
55、her and eventually read Dick and Jane 7 with my classmates. Because of my dad, I had 8 in myself as a reader until middle school.One afternoon a student 9 me, “You blind bat. If you get your face any nearer to that page, your eyes will fall out of your head！” I ran out of the school in 10 . Dad was
56、home when I burst in. “I thought I was a good 11 ， but the kids are making fun of me.”Dad hugged me. “Im sorry, Pam. But that doesnt change the 12 . You can read and your classmates cant take that away from you, right？” 13 to speak, I just nodded. After Dads 14 ， the knot (结) in my stomach went away
57、.Dad taught me to laugh at myself. He reminded me of the time I tried to 15 a sign painted to the floor. Another time, I 16 to eat flowers off an empty plate. When I was ten, I wanted to ride a twowheeled bike. I heard Dad say to Mom, “Im not going to hold Pam back from the 17 any kid has.” On my fi
58、rst attempt, I said, “Dad, what if I fall off？” His 18 was, “Youll get on and try again.” 19 ， I learned to skate, climb trees, and so on.I wouldnt be who I am today if it werent for my dad. He made the 20 for me to believe in myself.语篇解读：作者自幼视力很弱。但是作者在父母，特别是爸爸的帮助下，学会了读书、滑冰、爬树等技能。更重要的是作者有了自信。作者因此感谢爸
59、爸。1A.fine BblindCcrazy Ddeaf解析：选B根据上文眼科医生对作者的父母说他什么也做不了。这说明作者的眼睛有问题。再结合下文第9空后同学说作者是“blind bat(瞎子)”可知，医生认为作者的眼睛是盲的。2A.swore BexplainedCadmitted Dordered解析：选A父亲疼爱自己的女儿，所以父亲发誓说要给作者一个全部的、幸福的生活。3A.immediately BseparatelyCpartly Dclearly解析：选C根据下文作者尝试读出玩具上的文字，可知父母意识到“我”能看清一点了。partly“部分地”。4A.pretending Bstr
60、ugglingCoffering Ddeciding解析：选B根据上文离眼睛很近，可知作者努力地想读出玩具上的字。5A.absurd BboringCabstract Dhard解析：选D作者的视力不好，所以作者说看清文字很难。6A.circles BpicturesCletters Dlines解析：选C爸爸把字母写得大大的想让“我”看清楚。根据上文第4空后面的letters可知答案。7A.proudly BsecretlyCunwillingly Dnoisily解析：选A根据上文作者的爸爸很努力地教作者读字，作者最终能与同学们一起读书了，作者感到自豪。8A.interest Bconfi
61、denceCdoubt Ddisappointment解析：选B由于爸爸的帮助，“我”对自己能读书有了自信。9A.betrayed BgreetedCscolded Dteased解析：选D根据下文同学说“我”是瞎子，孩子们也取笑“我”可知那个同学是在嘲弄“我”。tease“取笑，嘲弄”。10A.rags BsurpriseCtears Dterror解析：选C根据上文同学对“我”的嘲弄，可知“我”“哭了”。11A.reader BmemberCdaughter Dlistener解析：选A“我”自己认为自己是一个好读者(自己能看清东西)。12A.style BwayChappiness Dt
62、ruth解析：选D那不能改变事实。这是爸爸安慰“我”的话。13A.Eager BAfraidCUnable DPleased解析：选C根据下文“我”肚子里有一个结，可知作者当时不能说话。14A.encouragement BpraiseCreward Dconclusion解析：选A上文是爸爸对“我”的鼓励，而不是表扬。15A.look for Bpick upCtake out Dthrow away解析：选B当“我”要拿画在地板上的标志时，爸爸会提醒“我”。pick up“捡起，拿”。16A.refused BmanagedCforgot Dattempted解析：选D由于“我”看不太清楚
63、，所以“我”试图吃掉空盘子里的花。17A.examples BadventuresCconcerns Dchanges解析：选B作者的爸爸不想阻止她去冒其他孩子所冒的那些险。18A.comment BchoiceCreply Didea解析：选C根据上文作者的问题，可知爸爸是回答“我”。19A.Afterwards BOtherwiseCBackwards DInstead解析：选A在爸爸的鼓励下，后来“我”学会了滑冰、爬树等等。20A.decision BprogressCscene Ddifference解析：选D他让“我”相信自己，这一点很重要。make the difference“重
64、要，有影响”。.短文改错Dear Tom，In your last email you said our French teacher is too strict and you hate her. In my opinion, you should be happy to have such teacher.My former foreigner language teacher was strict, too. We study hard day and night try to achieve positive results. Back then many of us hated he
65、r, too. So today I no longer hate her. Instead of Im very grateful to her. Im great thankful for everything she had done for me. Now I can use this language freely and communicate with people from Englishspeaking country. One day, you would find that you are lucky to have a strict teacher.Yours，Lisa答案：第一句：ouryour第二句：such后加a第三句：foreignerforeign第四句：studystudied; trytrying第六句：SoBut第七句：去掉of第八句：greatgreatly第九句：countrycountries第十句：wouldwill