1、SThe Cause and the Effect of the Haze With the deterioration (恶化) of air quality, the phenomenon of haze (雾霾) appears more and more. Recently the haze in many regions is merged into mist as a severe weather warning forecast together, which was referred as “haze weather”. There are several causes for
2、 the haze. The main cause is that the atmospheric pressure is low and the air circulation is not smooth. As a result, the tiny particles (颗粒) in the air are gathered, floating in the air. Second, the dust is too much on the ground and the humidity (湿度) of the air is low, so it is easy for the dust t
3、o be stirred up. Automobile exhaust (汽车尾气) is the main pollutant (污染物). In recent years, a great number of city cars appear in the street. Accordingly, the more cars make the more pollution, which also caused the haze. Additionally, the factories also produce the pollution. The haze often appears in
4、 winter, because winter heating lets out the pollutants into the air.Out of question, the haze has bad effects on peoples health. It is reported that some people have coughs or headaches because of the haze. The doctors say, “the haze will harm peoples respiratory system (呼吸系统), even lead to death.”
5、 On the environment, the haze causes the decrease of the atmospheric visibility (能见度), which has blocked traffic. In a word, the haze makes the peoples life inconvenient. Section Welcome to the unit & Reading Prereading读文清障 原文呈现The economy or the environment must we choose?TV host： James LongSpeaker
6、s: Lin Shuiqing, a spokeswoman from the Green Society Qian Liwei, a business development consultantJames Long：Good morning.Todays debate question is，The economy or the environment must we choose？ With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing， from the Green Society, and Mr Qian Liwei，a business development consultant
7、.We are following our usual schedule for debates.Ms Lin Shuiqing will speak first for three minutes.Mr Qian Liwei will follow, also for three minutes.Then we will open the floor for discussion.If you have any questions or comments, you can use this time to express them.economy IknmI n经济(情况)；经济体TV ho
8、st电视节目主持人spokeswoman spkswmn n女发言人spokesman n发言人consultant knsltnt n顾问debate dIbeIt n&vi.辩论；争论，讨论表语with me提前，构成完全倒装句。schedule n计划表，进度表，日程表 v排定，把安排在，预定on schedule按预定时间open the floor自由发言have/get the floor取得发言权take the floor开始发言express v表达，表示经济还是环境我们必须作出选择吗？第1段译文电视节目主持人：詹姆斯朗发言人：林水清，绿色协会女发言人钱利伟，企业发展顾问詹姆
9、斯朗：上午好。今天辩论的问题是“经济还是环境我们必须作出选择吗？”和我在一起的嘉宾是来自绿色协会的林水清女士和企业发展顾问钱利伟先生。我们今天辩论的程序与往常一样。林水清女士首先发言，时间为3分钟。接下来是钱利伟先生发言，时间也是3分钟。然后我们将展开自由讨论。如果大家有什么问题或评论，可以利用这一时间将它们表达出来。Lin Shuiqing：Good morning, everyone.First I am talking to you today about the way vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste. Man
10、y places have been destroyed and many plants and animals have died.This is awful. Factories produce large numbers of harmful chemicals. The waste they create goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick.Other types of waste flow into our water, killing river and sea life.Much sea life is being destroy
11、ed by fishing boats as well. These boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs.This will result in a smaller number of fish left for us to eat in the future.While we damage our environment, we keep producing more and more people who need more land to live on and more food
12、to eat！ The worlds population has grown by six times what it was in 1800. The figure is now about 7 billion people！the way作先行词后接定语从句，定语从句缺状语时，从句引导词用that或in which，也可省略引导词。awful adj.可怕的large numbers of大量的，修饰复数可数名词。harmful adj.有害的they create为定语从句，修饰先行词the waste。atmosphere n大气，空气；气氛；氛围flow fl vi.流，流动；流畅
13、地进行n.流动；连贯现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。as well也lay vt.产卵，下蛋；放置，摆放result in 导致result from 因产生，由造成过去分词短语作定语，要放在被修饰词的后面。while(when) conj.当的时候keep doing sth. 一直做某事who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。grow by 增长了grow to 增长到“倍数what从句”是倍数的一种表达形式。figure n数字billion bIljn n十亿第24段译文林水清：大家上午好。我今天首先要谈的是化学废物如何破坏世界上的大片区域的。许多地方已经被毁，许多动植
14、物已经死亡。这很可怕。工厂生产大量有害化学物质。它们产生的废物进入大气，使我们生病。其他种类的废物流入水中，杀死河流及海洋生物。捕鱼船也在毁灭大量的海洋生物。这些船捕捞大量的鱼，而不给它们时间产卵。这将导致今后我们食用的鱼的数目更小。 一方面我们在毁灭环境，另一方面我们继续生育越来越多的人口，这些人口需要更多的土地居住，也需要更多的食物食用！与1800年相比，世界人口的数量已经增长了六倍。现在约有七十亿人！It is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the number of things we make and buy
15、.The amount of rubbish we produce is turning into a big problem；we need to think more about recycling our waste.It would be good to increase the amount of waste we recycle，and teach people ways of living that do not harm the environment.We may even create more jobs and help our country become more d
16、eveloped at the same time.Thank you.duty djutI n责任，义务，本分Its ones duty to do .做是某人的职责。cut back on 减少，削减，缩减production prdkn n产量；生产the number of 的数量，后接名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。we make and buy为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词things。we produce为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词rubbish。turn into变成recycle risaIkl vt.&vi
17、.回收利用we recycle为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词waste。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词ways of living。第56段译文 我们有责任努力削减生产，减少制造和购买物品的数量。我们制造出来的垃圾的数量正在成为一个大问题。我们有必要更多地考虑回收利用垃圾。好的做法将是增加回收利用的废物的数量，并教给人们不损害环境的生活方式。我们甚至可以创造出更多的就业机会，帮助我们的国家在保护环境的同时更好地发展。 谢谢。Qian Liwei: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you, Ms Lin. That
18、 was an interesting speech. It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment. As a business development consultant, Im often seen as being against the environment. When people think of factories, they think of clouds of dirty smoke or of pipes pouring chemical w
19、aste into rivers. They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only worrying about money. People often have this belief that development is bad for the environment， but this does not have to be true.gentleman n绅士，先生be concerned about关心，关注situation n形势，情形that引导主语从句，it作形式主语。
20、see .as .把看作pipe paIp n管子，管道pour .into .把倒入现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰pipes。greedy gridI adj.贪婪的，贪心的greed n贪婪，贪心businessman bIznsmn n(尤指上层)商界人员；企业家responsibility rIspnsbI tI/n.责任，职责belief bIlif n看法；信念that引导同位语从句，解释说明belief。第7段译文钱利伟：女士们、先生们，上午好。谢谢你，林女士。你的演讲很有意思。显然，你非常关注我们的环境的现状。作为企业发展顾问，我常常被视为是反对环保的。一想到工厂，人们就会想到污
21、浊的滚滚浓烟或者向河流倾泻化学废物的管道。他们会想到那些逃避责任并且只想着赚钱的贪婪的商人。人们常常认为经济发展对环境有害，但这未必是正确的。What Im here to say is that having worked with many environmental consultants, I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.There are many factories and industries which control the amount
22、 of pollution they produce， and are very careful to spend money repairing any damage they cause. The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment. We need to stop thinking of companies and businessmen as the enemy, and give them more credit！Ms Lin suggested we should c
23、ut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save the environment. I dont agree with her because then jobs will be lost. I believe that people are more important than fish and trees.environmental InvaIrnmentl adj.环境的environment n环境which引导定语从句，修饰先行词factories and industries，其中又包含另一个定语从句the
24、y produce，修饰先行词pollution。spend .doing sth.花费做某事they cause为定语从句，修饰先行词damage。operate preIt vt.&vi.经营；动手术think of .as .把看作credit kredIt n赞扬，称赞，认可；信用，信誉；学分quantity kwnttI n数量quality n质量we produce为定语从句，修饰先行词things。save vt.保护，救；节省；储蓄agree with 同意某人(的观点)；适应，适合，作“适合”讲时，应用物作主语。lost为过去分词化的形容词作表语(gone)第89段译文我在
25、这里要说的是，与很多环境顾问一起工作之后，我知道健康的环境和经济发展应该是有可能并存的。许多工厂和企业控制自己产生的污染总量，很用心地投入资金，修复由自己引起的破坏。这些工厂的经营者非常关心环境。我们应该停止将这些公司和商人视为敌人，而应给他们更多的赞誉！,林女士建议我们应该削减生产量来拯救环境。我不同意她的观点，因为那样的话，就业机会将会失去。我认为人类比鱼类和树木更加重要。However, I do agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled， and less from r
26、aw materials， the supply of which is growing smaller and smaller. What we need are better laws to preserve the environment and still allow our country to grow. This includes controls on how many trees are cut down and how many fish are caught. This might make wood and seafood more expensive, but pay
27、ing a higher price for some things is not always bad. Asking around, I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment.Finally, those factories which pollute the environment should have to pay higher taxes. If you harm the environment, you should
28、 have to pay for it to be repaired.Thank you for listening.James Long: Now we will open the floor for discussion .do为助动词，强调谓语动词，意为“的确”。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词materials。raw material n原材料raw r adj.原始的，未经加工或处理的which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词raw materials。what引导主语从句。preserve vt.保护，维持；保存，贮存seafood sifud n海味，海鲜动名词短语作主语。wi
29、lling wIlI adj.愿意的，乐意的be willing to do sth.愿意做某事that引导定语从句，修饰先行词things。which引导定语从句，修饰先行词those factories。tax tks n税，税款harm(damage)vt.损害，伤害，危害pay v付钱pay sb. to do sth.出钱请某人做某事第1013段译文然而，我确实赞同我们应该更多地利用回收材料制造更多的东西，减少原材料的使用，因为原材料的供应正变得越来越紧张。我们需要更好的法律来保护环境，但同时让国家得到发展。这包括控制伐木量和捕捞量。这可能会让木材和海产品价格上涨，但是为某些东西支付
30、更高的价钱并不总是坏事。我问过周围的人，发现许多人都愿意支付稍高一些的价钱来购买环保产品。最后，那些污染环境的工厂应该缴纳更高的税。如果你破坏环境，你就应该为此付出更多的环境维护费用。谢谢大家。詹姆斯朗：现在是自由讨论时间PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1debateAcause (a machine, etc.) to work; control2flowBduty for which a person is responsible3greedy Cthings that are produced to
31、be sold4creditDto discuss sth., especially formally, before making a decision or finding a solution5quantity Ethe steady and continuous movement of sth. in one direction6goods Fwanting more money, power, food, etc.than you really need7operate Gpraise or approval because you are responsible for sth.
32、good that has happened8responsibility Han amount of or a number of sth.9willing Ia strong feeling that sth. is true10belief Jhaving no reason for not to do sth.答案：15DEFGH610CABJILeadinLook at the following pictures. Please judge examples of natural disasters or problems caused by people.1Examples of
33、 natural disasters：2Problems caused by people：Whilereading FastreadingWhats the main idea of the passage?The passage is a debate about which we should choose, the economy or the environment.CarefulreadingRead the text carefully and choose the best answers.1What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?AHow Ms Li
34、n feels about harmful chemicals.BHow chemical waste damages our world.CWhy human beings should fight against pollution.DWhy the population of animals is decreasing.2In Lin Shuiqings speech the following phenomena are mentioned EXCEPT that .Avast areas of the world are damaged by chemical wasteBmany
35、plants and animals have diedCharmful chemicals make people sickDlarge numbers of fish that can lay eggs are eaten by other animals3Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Lin Shuiqings speech?AIndustrial waste destroyed many places and killed many plants and animals.BFactories producing poisonous
36、 chemicals should be closed down.CFishes died because of more than one reason.DPolluted atmosphere can make human beings sick.4Which of the following is shared by both of the speakers?AWe need better laws.BWe should reduce production.CWe should recycle more waste.DWe need to trust companies and busi
37、nessmen.5According to the passage, most of the following statements are true EXCEPT that .AQian Liwei is for the idea of cutting back on quantities of things we produce in order to save the environmentBLin Shuiqing has different ideas about protecting the environment with Qian LiweiCQian Liwei think
38、s that people are more important than fish and treesDmany people are willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment答案：15BDBCAStudyreading Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1What Im here to say is that having worked with many environmental con
39、sultants, I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.句式分析本句是一个复合句。what引导主语从句，第一个that引导表语从句，第二个that引导宾语从句，having worked .为现在分词短语作状语。尝试翻译我在这里要说的是，与很多环境顾问一起工作之后，我知道健康的环境和经济发展是有可能并存的。2There are many factories and industries which control the amount of pollution
40、 they produce, and are very careful to spend money repairing any damage they cause.句式分析尝试翻译许多工厂和企业控制自己产生的污染总量，很用心地投入资金，修复由自己引起的破坏。3However, I do agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled, and less from raw materials, the supply of which is growing smaller and sm
41、aller.句式分析尝试翻译然而，我确实赞同我们应该更多地利用回收材料制造更多的东西，减少原材料的使用，因为原材料的供应正变得越来越紧张。 .阅读理解APeople and the sources of air pollution are found in the same places. This means that cities with large populations have the biggest problem of dirty air. Air pollution is caused by many different things. A major source of a
42、ir pollution is the gas fumes (烟雾) from cars. Statistics show that 93 percent of all auto trips are within cities. Another major source of dirty is the burning of coal and oil for energy. This energy is needed to make electricity. Of course, much more electricity is used in the city than in the coun
43、tryside.On the average, we throw away more trash and garbage than the year before. The burning of garbage contributes to air pollution. Many major industries are also responsible for the dirty air in the around cities. The fumes from iron, steel, chemical, and petroleum (石油) production add particles
44、 (微粒) to the air.The effects of air pollution range from loss of clear vision, mild headaches to death. Wherever coal and oil are used for fuel, fumes may kill trees and plants and cause metal to corrode (腐蚀). In some larger cities, these fumes endanger the life of human beings by contributing to lu
45、ng diseases and causing early deaths.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了城市空气污染的原因与后果，旨在呼吁人们停止继续污染空气。1The key point of the passage is that .Athe cause of air pollution is peopleBthe causes and the effects of air pollution are both found in citiesCthe effects of air pollution range from headaches to deathsDair pollution is
46、caused by dirty air解析：选B主旨大意题。根据各段首句，特别是第一段的首句可知，本文主要讲的是城市里的空气污染原因与后果。2What is the purpose of this passage?ATo persuade people to stop polluting the air. BTo tell the causes of air pollution.CTo tell why cities have larger populations. DTo describe why cities are bad places to live.解析：选A写作意图题。空气污染严重
47、危害人的健康，所以本文的目的是呼吁人们停止污染空气。3Why is air pollution heavier in the city than in the countryside?ABecause there are more people in city.BBecause the air in the city is thinner.CBecause there are more cars in the city.DBecause there are more air pollution sources in the city.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三两句可知，城市里有更
48、多的空气污染源。4In larger cities, the fumes from coal and oil may result in .Aheart diseasesBserious headachesClung diseases Dloss of clear vision解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知选C。B There is an old Chinese proverb that states “One generation plants the trees; another gets the shade”， and this is how it should be wit
49、h mothers and daughters. The relationship between a mother and daughter is sometimes confusing. If close, the relationship can be similar to friendship. However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include the h
50、ierarchy (等级) and unconditional love，which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends.Marina, 27 years old, says, “I love spending time with my mom, but I wouldnt consider her my best friend. Best friends dont pay for your wedding. Best friends dont remind you how they carried you in the
51、ir body and gave you life！Best friends dont tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.” This doesnt mean that the mother and daughter relationship cant be very close and satisfying.While some adult relationships are still troubled, many find them to be
52、 extremely rewarding. This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common, which increases the likelihood of shared companionship. Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers, responsible for maintaining and passing on family values and tradition
53、s. Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of the workforce and technology, which may bring them even closer together.Best friends may or may not continue to be best friends, but for better or worse, the mother and daughter relationship is permanent, even if they arent spe
54、aking for some unfortunate reason. The mother and daughter relationship is still closer than any other. There is not an equal relationship. Daughters should not feel responsible for their mothers emotional wellbeing. It isnt that they dont care deeply about their mothers. Its just that they shouldnt
55、 be burdened with their mothers wellbeing.The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other. Mothers never stop being mothers, which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness. Mother always “trum
56、ps” friends.语篇解读：本文对比了母女之间的友谊和好朋友之间的友谊，主要是为了说明母女之间的友谊更持久。5The underlined word “preclude” in Paragraph 1 probably means “ ”Adiffer BpreventCbenefit Dchange解析：选B词义猜测题。根据第二段“Best friends dont pay for your wedding .Best friends dont tell you how wise they are .”可推断，这里指母女之间不能成为最好的朋友，preclude意为“阻止”，故答案为B。
57、 6Why do many mothers and adult daughters keep a rewarding relationship?ABecause they have a lot of common interests.BBecause they have common family values.CBecause they have no generation gap.DBecause they keep a constant relationship.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段的介绍，特别是第一句可知，多数母亲与成年女儿之间存在一种报答关系。因为母亲与成年女儿之间的共同
58、之处是她们都是家庭主人、都担当责任并传递家庭观念与传统等。7What do we know from the passage?AThe mother and daughter relationship can be replaced by a best friend.BA mothers love brings her and her daughter a close friendship.CThe mother and daughter relationship goes beyond best friends friendship.DMarina has a troubled relati
59、onship with her mother.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第四段“.but for better or worse, the mother and daughter relationship is permanent .”和“The mother and daughter relationship is still closer than any other.”可推断，答案为C。8What is the best title for the passage?AHow to be a good mother and daughter?BWho is a mothers best f
60、riend?CA friend in need is a friend indeedDCan a mother be a daughters best friend?解析：选D标题归纳题。本文对比了母女之间的友谊和好朋友之间的友谊，主要是为了说明母女之间的友谊更持久，D项最能体现文章的主题，故答案为D。CThe weather predictions for Asia in 2050 read like a story from a doomsday movie.Many experts and green groups fear they will come true unless ther
61、e is a united global effort to hold back greenhouse gas outpouring.In the decades to come, Asia homes to more than half the worlds 63 billion people will change from one climate extreme to another, with tired farmers battling droughts, floods, disease, food shortages and rising sea levels.“Its not a
62、 pretty picture，” said Steve Sawyer, climate policy adviser with Greenpeace in Amsterdam.Global warming and changes of weather patterns are already occurring and there is more than enough carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to drive climate change for decades to come.Already,
63、 changes are being felt in Asia but worse is likely to come, Sawyer and top climate bodies say, and could lead to mass migration and widespread human disasters.According to predictions, icebergs will melt faster, some Pacific and Indian Ocean islands will have to evacuate (撤离) or build sea defenses,
64、 storms will become stronger and insects and waterborne diseases will move into new areas as the world warms.All this comes on top of rising populations and demand for food, water and other resources.Experts say environmental worsening such as deforestation and pollution will likely enlarge the resu
65、lts of climate change.In what could be a sign of the future, Japan was hit by a record of 10 typhoons and tropical storms this year, while twothirds of Bangladesh, parts of Nepal and large areas of northeastern India were flooded, affecting 50 million people, destroying livelihoods and making tens o
66、f thousands ill.The year before, a winter cold strike and a summer heat wave killed more than 2,000 people in India.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要向读者说明了未来亚洲的天气情况和现状，还分析了造成这种天气的原因。9This passage is mainly about .Apresent situation and predictions of environmental problems in AsiaBthe weather predictions for Asia in
67、 the future and the reasonsChow to improve our environment in the futureDreasons why the world will no longer be suitable for us to live in解析：选A主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，本文讲了2050年的亚洲的天气预告。第三段还提到了亚洲现在的天气情况。故A项概括全面。10In the future the Asian farmers will have to face the following EXCEPT .Afood shortages BwarsCd
68、roughts Dfloods 解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，在将来，亚洲的农民将会面临食品短缺、干旱和水灾等，但没提到战争。11The underlined word “doomsday” in the first paragraph may mean “ ”Athe hell Bthe end of the world Ca great world war Dmystery解析：选B词义猜测题。根据文章的第二段及其后面的部分可知，现在的大气污染可能会给亚洲的人们带来糟糕的结果。故说2050年亚洲的天气情况就好像是故事里的世界末日到来时的状况。12Which of the f
69、ollowing is NOT true according to the passage?AAsian climate will change greatly.BSome islands may be flooded in the future.CPeople may meet with some new diseases resulting from water.DMore than 50 million people have been ill in Asia the year before.解析：选D正误判断题。根据最后两段可知，前年的寒冬和热浪导致印度2 000人死亡，而今年的台风和
70、热带风暴则致使5 000多万人受到影响并且成千上万的人因此而生病。.阅读七选五How teens can stay fitAny type of regular, physical activity can improve your fitness and your health. 1 Exercise should be a regular part of your day, like brushing your teeth, eating and sleeping. It can be in gym class, joining a sports team, or working out
71、on your own. Keep the following tips in mind： 2 A good attitude is important. Find an activity that you think is fun. You are more likely to stick with it if you choose something you like. A lot of people find its more fun to exercise with someone else, so see if you can find a friend or family memb
72、er to be active with you.Take it one step at a time. 3 For example, walk or ride your bike to school. Get on or off the bus several blocks away and walk the rest of the way. Use the stairs instead of taking the elevator.Get your heart pumping (跳动). Whatever you choose, make sure it includes aerobic
73、(有氧的) activity that makes you breathe harder and increases your heart rate. This is the best type of exercise because it increases your fitness level and makes your heart work better. 4 Examples of aerobic activities are basketball, running, or swimming.Dont forget to warm up. With some easy exercis
74、es or stretching (拉伸) before you do any physical activity. 5 It is also important to stretch out after you exercise to cool down your muscles.AIt also burns off body fat.BStay positive and have fun.CMake physical activity a habit.DSmall changes can add up to better fitness.EThe most important thing is that you keep moving!FThis warms your muscles up and may help protect against injury.GDo the activity as often as possible, but dont exercise to the point of pain.答案：15EBDAF