1、2014春季英语人教版新课标必修4U1系列导学案（1）-基本词语Unit 1 women of achievementI 词语辨析 1. campaign / war / battle 【解释】war “战争”的总称，一般包括多个战役的大规模战争。battle “战斗”，指有组织的武装部队之间的战斗，有持续几小时的，也有持续几天的。campaign“战役”，指在某一地区所进行的一连串有固定目的的军事行动，规模比battle大；还用来表“政治或商业性的活动、竞选活动”campaign for/against 从事运动【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). They won the _
2、 but lost the _. 2). The city hall is planning to start a _ against smoking.Keys: 1). battle; war 2). campaign 2. worth / worthy / worthwhile【解释】worth 只能作表语，其后接钱数、名词或及物动词的动名词的主动一般形式: be worth doingworthy可作表语，后接of+名词/of+动名词的被动形式/不定式的被动形式: be worthy of + n./ of being done / to be done 也作定语，“值得的”，“有价值的
3、”：a worthy winner名副其实的赢家worthwhile可作表语和定语: a worthwhile job 值得做的工作 it is worthwhile to do/doing【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). The necklace was _ 100 francs at most. 2). It s _ to discuss the question again.3). You would find it _ your while to come to the meeting.4). Can t you find something _ doing at a
4、ll? The book is _ _ _ (很值得读) a second time.5). This place of interest is worthy _ _ _ / _ _ _ /_ _ _ (参观).Keys: 1). worth 2). worthwhile 3). worth 4). worth; well worth reading 5). of a visit / of being visited / to be visited3. argue / debate【解释】argue指某人坚持自己的主张，举出事实和理由说服某人或反对其他方面的意见。debate指辩论者长在自己的
5、立场公开争论一个问题。【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). We _ with her _ how to go there. 2). They _ the case for hours.3). They _ the question openly.4). Last week, our class had a _ over whether middle school students should carry cell phones at school.Keys: 1). argued; about 2). argued 3). debated 4). debate III 词性变
6、化 1. connect vt.连接；联系；接通电话 vi.连接，衔接connection n.联系，关系；连接2. argue vt.&vi.讨论；辩论 argument n.c争论；争辩；3. crowd n. 人群，群众；v. 聚集；挤满；挤，推crowded adj.充(拥)满了的，拥挤的4. inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示inspiration n. 鼓舞；灵感inspired adj.受灵感启示的inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的5. considerate adj.体贴的，体谅的consideration n.考虑，要考虑的事；体贴considerable adj.
7、相当大(或多)的6. deliver vt.递送(邮件)，接生；发表(演说)delivery n.c,u投递；演讲deliverer 递送者7. specialist n. 专家specialize vi. .专门从事；专攻; 专门经营specialization n. 专门从事；专门经营; 专业化8. emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况emergent a. 紧急的；新兴的9. modest a. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的modesty n. 谦逊；质朴；稳重10. generation n. 一代；一辈generate v. 产生（后代）； 引起11. behavior n. 行为
8、；举止behave v. 举动；表现12. project n. 项目；工程；规划 project vt. 表现；（使）展现【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). It was _ (consideration) of you not to play the piano while I was asleep.2). The good news _ (inspire) us with hope.3). The children had an _ (argue) about what game to play. 4). Please pay on _ (deliver). 5). Taki
9、ng everything into _ (consider), the event was a great success.6). The narrow roads were _ (crowd) with holiday traffic.7). What is the _ (connect) between the two ideas?Keys: 1). considerate 2). inspired 3). argument 4). delivery5). consideration6). crowded 7). connection 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从2130各题所给的A
10、、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。词数：221完成时间：14分钟难度：* I consider myself something of an expert on apologies. A quick temper has provided me with plenty of opportunities to make them. In one of my earliest 21 , my mother is telling me, Dont watch the 22 when you say, “Im sorry”.Hold your head up and look a
11、t the person in the 23 , so hell know you mean it. My mother thus made the key point of a successful apology: it must be direct. You must never 24 to be doing something else. You do not look through a pile of letters while apologizing to a person 25 in position after blaming him or her for a mistake
12、 that turned out to be your fault. You do not apologize to a hostess, whose guest of honor you treat 26 , by sending, flowers the next day without mentioning your bad manners. One of the important things you should do for an effective apology is readiness to 27 the responsibility for our careless mi
13、stakes. We are used to making excuses, which leaves no 28 for the other person to forgive us. Since most people are open-hearted, the no-excuse apology leaves both parties feeling 29 about themselves. That, after all, is the purpose of every apology. It 30 little whether the apologizer is wholly or
14、only partly at fault: answering for ones actions encourages others to take their share of the blame. 21. A. dreams B. courses C. memories D. ideas 22. A. side B. ground C. wall D. bottom 23. A. mind B. soul C. face D. eye 24. A. pretend B. forget C. refuse D. expect 25. A. poorer B. weaker C. worse
15、D. lower 26. A. cruelly B. freely C. roughly D. foolishly 27. A. raise B. perform C. admit D. bear 28. A. situation B. need C. sign D. room 29. A. wiser B. warmer C. better D. cleverer 30. A. cares B. matters C. depends D. remains【参考答案及解析】本文阐述了一个观点，道歉要真诚，要敢于承担责任，同时也批评了一些“假”道歉的行为。 21选C 紧接着的就是作者回忆出来的内
16、容。 22选B 与后面提到的“要抬起头”正好相反。 23选D 道歉时看着对方的眼睛，以示真诚，在这一点上中西方是一样的。 24选A 根据上下文得知，道歉时要诚恳，不能假装着做别的事。所以这儿要用“pretend”。 25选D 职位一般论要用“高、低”来衡量。不用B项“强弱 ”和A项“贵贱” 26选C roughly此处表示对待客人不礼貌，服务不到位。 27选D bear the responsibility承担责任。 28选D leave no room不留余地。 29选C better表示“心情更舒畅”未找借口的道歉，即真诚的道歉，对方的感觉一定很好。 30选B道歉者是全部还是部分承担责任这些都不太重要：关键是为所作所为主动负责，这也能促使别人共同承担责任。