1、Section_Warming Up & Reading Language Points (一)词义匹配1atmosphereAa group of related parts which work together forming a whole2system Bthe mixed gases that surrounds the earth3fundamental Cfor that reason; for this reason4theory Dincrease, add to the number of5thus Every important or necessary6multipl
2、y Fidea that tries to explain something答案：16BAEFCD(二)用所给词的适当形式填空7A big violent (violence) earthquake occurred last week.8Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time will be harmful (harm) to ones skin.9Unlike (like) his brother, he is talkative (健谈的) and has a sense of humour.10The puzzling(puzzle
3、) problem made students present puzzled (puzzle)1violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的背诵佳句培养语感(教材原句)The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。(鲜活例句)A violent storm hit the city last night, which caused a lot of damage.昨天夜里，暴风骤雨袭击了这座城市，造成了
4、重大损失。(鲜活例句)The growth of violent crime is a very real problem.暴力犯罪的增加是个非常现实的问题。归纳拓展全析考点(1)violently adv.猛烈地；凶狠地(2)violence n. 暴力；暴行；激情with violence 猛烈地；强有力地Youd better not shut the window violently/with violence.你最好不要猛关窗户。语境串记Larry was in violent pain.As a result, he behaved violently and treated ev
5、erything with violence.拉里处于极度痛苦之中，因此他表现得很粗暴，一切都以暴力对待。2exist vi.存在；生存背诵佳句培养语感(教材原句)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。(鲜活例句)How do we see if there exists a black hole in the space?我们到底如何看太空中是否存在黑洞呢？归纳拓展全析考点(1)exist in存在于exist on 靠生存There e
6、xists/existed . 某地有；存在(2)existence n. 存在；生存come into existence 开始存在；成立in existence 现存的；现有的Do you believe in the existence of ghosts？Perhaps they only exist in some peoples imagination.你相信鬼魂的存在吗？或许他们只存在于一些人的想象里。He finds it hard to exist on the money hes earning.他发现靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。No one knows when the
7、custom came_into_existence.没有人知道这个风俗是何时开始存在的。3unlike prep.不同；不像adj.不同的；不像的背诵佳句培养语感(教材原句)Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.在火星等其他行星上也出现了水，但不像在地球上一样，这些水后来消失了。(鲜活例句)They are so unlike that nobody would believe they were sisters.她们毫无相似之处，谁
8、也不相信她们是姐妹。归纳拓展全析考点(1)Its unlike sb.to do .做不像某人平常的样子(2)unlikely adj.不大可能发生的；未必会发生的(3)likely adj.可能的be likely to do sth. 可能做某事Its likely that . 有可能Its very unlike him to be so late.迟到这么久可实在不像他平时的作风。Hes likely to_arrive a bit late.他可能会晚到一会儿。Its_likely_that he will not attend the meeting.有可能他不参加会议。4har
9、mful adj.有害的背诵佳句培养语感(教材原句)What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，它使得地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。(鲜活例句)Its harmful to your eyes to read books in the bus.在公共汽车上看书对你的眼睛有害。(鲜活例句)Acco
10、rding to the research, too much sun is harmful to the skin.根据调查研究，晒太多太阳对皮肤有害。归纳拓展全析考点(1)be harmful to 对有害(2)harm vt.& n. 伤害；损害do harm to ( do .harm) 对有害There is no harm in doing sth.做某事没有害处。(3)harmless adj. 无害的The medicine is harmful to children but does no harm to adults.这种药对儿童有害，却对成年人没有什么害处。This c
11、ase will do serious harm to my life.这起案件将严重损害我的生活。5puzzle n难题；谜vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难背诵佳句培养语感(教材原句)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球上的生命是如何起源的是科学家们最难以解答的问题之一。(鲜活例句)For many years these questions puzzled geologists.多年来这些问题令地质学家迷惑不解。归纳拓展全析考点(1)be
12、 in a puzzle感到困惑；不知如何是好puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的(3)puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的be puzzled about 对迷惑不解I have been puzzled about this question for weeks.我对这个问题已迷惑不解了好几个星期。语境串记The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling math problem.她困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那个令人困惑的数学问题。
13、.单句语法填空 1.She listened with a puzzled (puzzle) expression on her face.2Playing computer games too much is harmful to the childrens health.3In my opinion, prevention (prevent) is more important than treatment.4Some programs on the Internet are full of violence (violent) and sex.5There existed a close
14、 relationship between families and their milkmen.6China is a country of freedom of religious (religion) belief.完成句子1.过量饮酒对你的身体有害。It is_harmful_to/does_harm_to your health to drink too much.2包办婚姻在中国一些地方依然存在。The custom of arranged marriages still exists_in some parts of China.3警察仍正在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。The po
15、lice are_still_puzzling_about/over how the accident could have happened.4她最近的小说和她以前的作品截然不同。Her latest novel is quite unlike_her_earlier_works.1solar system太阳系2a widely accepted theory 一个广泛接受的学说3in time 及时；终于4cool down 冷却下来；变凉5be fundamental to 对(来说)是基本的6a chain reaction 连锁反应7lay eggs 下蛋8give birth t
16、o 产生；分娩9in ones turn 轮到某人；接着10prevent .from 阻止；制止1in time及时；终于；迟早背诵佳句培养语感(教材原句)They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere.它们最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，这些后来形成了地球的大气层。(鲜活例句)He braked his car just in time only to avoid an accident.他及时刹车
17、，避免了一次事故。(鲜活例句)You will succeed in time as long as you dont give up.只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。归纳拓展全析考点in time for sth.赶上某事in no time 立即；马上at one time 曾经；一度at times 有时；偶尔from time to time 有时；偶尔at no time 从不；决不at a time 每次；一次Do one thing at a time and do it well.一次只做一件事情，并且要做好。At no time should_we give in to dif
18、ficulties.我们在任何时候都不能向困难屈服。点津at no time用在句首时，句子要部分倒装。in no time相当于at once或immediately，用于句首不倒装。2in ones turn轮到某人；接着背诵佳句培养语感(教材原句)Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。(鲜活例句)They, in their turn, made some advice for the plan.他们接着为这项计划提了一些建议
19、。(鲜活例句)When it is in my turn, I am too excited to speak.当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。归纳拓展全析考点in turn依次；轮流；逐个；相应地；转而by turns轮流；依次take turns doing/to do . 轮流做Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人干某事。All theories are from practice and in turn serve practice.所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。The girls called out their names in_turn.那
20、些女孩儿逐一报出自己的名字。They took_turns to care about their parents.他们轮流照顾他们的父母。It is my turn to_clean the classroom this week.这周轮到我打扫教室了。3prevent .from阻止；制止背诵佳句培养语感(教材原句)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中
21、，这使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。(鲜活例句)All possible means have been tried, but nothing can prevent him (from) dying of lung cancer.任何可能的方法都尝试了，但也没能阻止肺癌夺走他的生命。(鲜活例句)No one can prevent this plan from being carried out.谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。归纳拓展全析考点阻止做protect .from (against) .保护不受侵袭(from后接能带来伤害或损害之物)They were stopped/preve
22、nted from entering the burning building.他们被拦在了燃烧着的大楼外面。点津表示“阻止做”的三个短语用于被动语态中时，from都不能省略。He put on his sunglasses to_protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.他戴上太阳镜保护眼睛不受强光的伤害。.单句语法填空1The heavy snow prevented us from going (go) out for sports.2Luckily for him, he was just in time for the bus.3He ask
23、ed each of us in turn to describe how the Internet had affected our lives.4Miss Gao gave birth to a fine healthy boy last night.完成句子1If you give up this chance, youll regret it in_time (迟早)2Laying_eggs (下蛋) is the ant queens fulltime job.3Their son was_prevented_from_going_to_college (被阻止上大学) becaus
24、e of their low income.4In business, success not only depends_on (依靠) what you say but also how you say it.5Then, in_their_turn (轮到他们), they raised a question which caused a heated discussion.1句型展示What_it_was_to_become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled in
25、to a solid globe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到4538亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成了一个固体的球状物。典例背诵What impresses me most is that he seems a pleasant man.给我印象最深的是他似乎很和蔼可亲。2句型展示The earth became_so_ violent that_it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。典例背诵The play was so interesting that I
26、went to see it several times.这个话剧十分有趣，因此我去看过好几次。3句型展示This produced a chain reaction, which made_it_possible for life to_develop.这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。典例背诵He makes it a habit to get up at six every day.他每天早晨6点起床，这已成为一种习惯。4句型展示So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come w
27、ill depend on_whether_this_problem_can_be_solved.所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。典例背诵We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在谈论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。1What_it_was_to_become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.随后它会变成
28、什么没人能知道，直到4538亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成了一个固体的球状物。(1)句子结构分析What surprised everybody was that he didnt come to the meeting.使大家惊奇的是他竟没有参加会议。What I suggest is that you should apologize to him.我建议你去向他道歉。(2)主语从句可用形式主语it代替It is wonderful that all of you have passed the difficult exam.真是太棒了，你们都通过了那次很难的考试。It doesnt mat
29、ter whether he will come to attend the meeting or not.他来不来参加会议无足轻重。点津1)it作形式主语，谓语部分表示建议、要求、命令时，从句谓语常用“should动词原形”，should可省略。2)what引导主语从句意为“所的(东西)”，在从句中充当句子成分；that引导时不充当句子成分，通常不可省略。It is advisable that she (should) take a couple of days to rest.她休息一两天是明智的选择。That he will refuse the offer is unlikely.他
30、不可能拒绝这个报价。2So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on_whether_this_problem_can_be_solved.所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。(1)该句是一个主从复合句，第一个whether引导的从句为主语从句；第二个whether引导的从句作介词on的宾语。She was uncertain about whether she should accept his offer.她拿不准是否应该接
31、受他的好意。Everything depends on whether you agree with us.一切要看你跟我们意见是否一致。(2)引导名词性从句时用whether或if的区别：whether可以直接和or not连用，if不可以；引导位于句首的主语从句，用whether不用if；引导表语从句、同位语从句，用whether不用if；动词不定式之前用whether不用if；动词discuss，leave，put及介词之后的宾语从句，用whether不用if。It is uncertain whether/if hell succeed in passing the driving t
32、est (or not)他是否能成功地通过驾驶考试还不确定。The question is whether the film is well worth seeing.问题是电影是否值得看。.单句语法填空1I find it hard to get along with him.2We make it a rule to take a walk every morning.3The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.4Its not clear whether t
33、hey are able to arrive at an agreement through communication or not.完成句子1这是一块很重的石头，他挪不动。It was so_heavy_a_stone that he couldnt move it.2很明显他们没有和平的诚意。It_was_clear_that they had no desire for peace.3我担心我是否伤害了她的感情。I worry about whether_I_have_hurt her feelings.4他告诉我们的事很重要。What_he_has_told_us is of gre
34、at importance.5他的努力工作使他成功成为可能。His hard work made_it_possible for him to succeed.单句语法填空1More violent (violence) scenes in the film were cut when it was shown on television.2It is generally accepted that smoking is harmful (harm) to our health.3Mary was reading a poem with a puzzled expression on her
35、face.Its deeper meaning remained a puzzle for her.(puzzle) 4The dog lying on the floor belongs to him.He lied to me yesterday that it had been lost.(lie) 5Unlike (like) most people in the office who come to work by car, I usually come to work by bus.6This made it hard to control myself.7I cant exist
36、 on the money he gave me.8Youll succeed in time because you are always working hard.完成句子 1.有些工厂排放的气体对环境有害。The gases from some factories are_harmful_to the environment.2要不是他们帮忙，我们就不能及时完成这个项目。But for their help, we could not have finished the program in_time.3大雨使我们不能踢足球了。The heavy rain prevented/stopp
37、ed_us (from) playing football.4我发现学好英语很难。I find it_very_difficult_to_learn English well.5我们得不到的东西似乎比我们已经拥有的东西好。What_we_cant_get seems better than what we already have.阅读理解AEdmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago.He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scien
38、tists had made.The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem.He could not figure it out.Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.However, Halley had a friend named Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician.Newton thought he had already worked out that
39、 problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it.He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse (椭圆)Now Halley set to work.He figured out (解决；计算出) the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists.He made a surprising discovery.The comets t
40、hat had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit.Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.This seemed very strange to Halley.The different comets followed the same orbit.The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different
41、comets, as people thought.He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times.The comet had gone away and had come back again.It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction (预言) of what comet would happen in the future.He decided that this comet would appear
42、in the year 1758.There were 53 years to go before Halleys prediction could be tested.In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky.Halley did not see it, for he has died some years before.Ever since then that comet has been called Halleys comet, in his honor.1Halley made his discovery _.Aby doing experiment
43、sBby means of his own careful observationCby using the work of other scientistsDby chance解析：选C细节理解题。由文中第三段得知。2Halley made a surprising, but correct prediction in the year _.A1704B1705C1706 D1707解析：选B计算题。文中的“He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758.There were 53 years to go before Hal
44、leys prediction could be tested.”这句话告诉我们：他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年，而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证，由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。3This passage in general is about _.AHalley and other scientistsBthe orbit of a cometCNewton and HalleyDHalley and his discovery解析：选D主旨大意题。综观全文，不难看出，文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发现。4Which of the following is TRUE?AEd
45、mund Halley was an American scientist.BHalley made his discovery by doing experiments.CNewton was a famous mathematician.DThe orbit of a comet had the shape of an around.解析：选C综合判断题。从文章首句可以看出A项错误；从第二题的分析中可知B项也错误；牛顿告诉哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，可排除D。BRed DwarfRed Dwarf stars (红矮星) can range in size from a hundred ti
46、mes smaller than the sun，to only a couple of times smaller.Because of their small size these stars burn their fuel very slowly，which allows them to live a very long time.Some red dwarf stars will live trillions of years before they run out of fuel.Then why are red dwarf stars red？Because red dwarf s
47、tars only burn a little bit of fuel at a time，they are not very hot compared to other stars.Think of a fire.The coolest part of the fire at the top of the flame glows red，the hotter part in the middle glows yellow，and the hottest part near the fuel glows blue.Stars work the same way.Their temperatur
48、es determine what color they will be.Thus we can determine how hot a star is just by looking at its color._Like the Sun，these mediumsized stars are yellow because they have a medium temperature.Their higher temperature causes them to burn their fuel faster.This means they will not live as long, only
49、 about 10 billion years or so.Near the end of their lives，these mediumsized stars swell up becoming very large.When this happens to the Sun it will grow to engulf (吞没) even the Earth.Finally they shrink again，leaving behind most of their gas.This gas forms a beautiful cloud around the star called a
50、Planetary Nebula (行星状星云)When will the Sun expand into a giant，and then shrink leaving behind a planetary nebula?Dont worry.The sun is only about 5 billion years old.It still has another 5 billion years before it will expand，and then turn into a planetary nebula.The Sun is so hot that when it dies，it
51、 will take a long time to cool off.The sun will die in about 5 billion years，but it will still glow for many billions of years after that.As it cools，it will be what is called a white dwarf star.Finally，after billions maybe even trillions of years，it will stop glowing，at that point it will be what w
52、e call a black dwarf star.There are still no black dwarf stars in the Universe.5Why do the Red Dwarf stars burn their fuel very slowly? ABecause they are small.BBecause they dont move around.CBecause they are cool.DBecause they reflect light like the moon.解析：选A细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句话“Because of their smal
53、l size these stars burn their fuel very slowly.”可知选A。6. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 2?AHow red dwarf stars work.BWhy red dwarf stars burn a little fuel.CWhy red dwarf stars are red.DHow temperature determines the color.解析：选C主旨大意题。综合第二段的内容可知，本段开头由一个问句(为本段的主题句)引出作者
54、要说明的中心：红矮星为什么是红色的？然后通过类比来进行解释，因此C项为最佳选项。7. The title on the underline before Paragraph 3 is probably_.AThe SunBYellow StarsCPlanetary NebulaDStar Temperature解析：选B主旨大意题。综观最后四段话可以看出：作者通过读者所熟悉的、与黄色星相类似的太阳相比较来对黄色星进行说明，最后三段话看似与黄色星无关，但实际上是对黄色星发展走向的一个预测，故B项最佳。8. Which of the following websites may this pas
55、sage be taken from?ABCD解析：选D推理判断题。本文主要介绍了红矮星和黄色星，与天文学有关，由此推断本文是从与天文学有关的(D项)上摘录的。.语法填空Mark: Peggie, can I borrow your notes for history？I _1_ (return) them tomorrow.Peggie: Sorry, _2_ I usually go to the cafeteria and review them. Why _3_copy them in the library?Mark: OK.Peggie: Here you are.Mark: Yo
56、u are a great help, Peggie.Peggie: I dont quite understand _4_you need my notes, Mark. You havent missed any classes.Mark: _5_(honest) speaking, I work in a supermarket from 7 to 10 oclock every evening.Peggie：I see. So youre pretty _6_ (tire) when you come to class.Mark：Thats _7_ (exact) why I want
57、 to borrow your notes.My notes arent very good.Peggie: So what do you usually do in class?Mark: Im always awake at the beginning, but thirty minutes after the class begins, I feel sleepy, and have trouble _8_ (keep) my eyes open.Peggie：Well, I need someone to study with and you need someone to keep
58、you awake. _9_ we be study partners?Mark: Oh, sure.Thats a good idea. So give me a push _10_ you see me sleep in class.Peggie: OK. Lets start today in the library.We are going there anyway and I dont have to go to the cafeteria.Mark: Sounds great.答案：1.will return2.but3.not4.why5Honestly6.tired7.exactly8.keeping9Shall10.when