1、3unitBACK TO THE PASTGrammar and usageObject ComplementObject ComplementWho are they?Object ComplementThey are Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng.Object ComplementThey are Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng.We call them great heroes.Object ComplementThey are Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng.We call them great heroe
2、s.object Object ComplementThey are Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng.We call them great heroes.object object complement Pay attention to the following:Pay attention to the following:1.The object complement gives more information abut the object.Pay attention to the following:1.The object complement gives
3、 more information abut the object.They called the young man Great Hero.Pay attention to the following:1.The object complement gives more information abut the object.They called the young man Great Hero.2.An object complement always occurs in this pattern:verb+object+object complement.The object comp
4、lement can often be a noun phrase or an adjective.Pay attention to the following:1.The object complement gives more information abut the object.They called the young man Great Hero.2.An object complement always occurs in this pattern:verb+object+object complement.The object complement can often be a
5、 noun phrase or an adjective.They made Yu Tong monitor of their class.Pay attention to the following:1.The object complement gives more information abut the object.They called the young man Great Hero.2.An object complement always occurs in this pattern:verb+object+object complement.The object compl
6、ement can often be a noun phrase or an adjective.They made Yu Tong monitor of their class.You must keep the room clean all the time.Pay attention to the following:3.Sometimes a to-infinitive or bare infinitive can be an object complement.Pay attention to the following:3.Sometimes a to-infinitive or
7、bare infinitive can be an object complement.Id like all of you to work still harder.Pay attention to the following:4.An object complement can be a prepositional phrase.Pay attention to the following:4.An object complement can be a prepositional phrase.If you keep the new dress in hot water,the color
8、s will run.Pay attention to the following:4.An object complement can be a prepositional phrase.If you keep the new dress in hot water,the colors will run.5.An object complement can also be a present participle phrase or a past participle phrase.Pay attention to the following:4.An object complement c
9、an be a prepositional phrase.If you keep the new dress in hot water,the colors will run.5.An object complement can also be a present participle phrase or a past participle phrase.The most exciting thing for the old man was to watch the children playing in the garden.Pay attention to the following:4.
10、An object complement can be a prepositional phrase.If you keep the new dress in hot water,the colors will run.5.An object complement can also be a present participle phrase or a past participle phrase.The most exciting thing for the old man was to watch the children playing in the garden.They told m
11、e to have my car repaired as soon as possible.Pay attention to the following:6.An object complement usually agrees with the object in number.Pay attention to the following:6.An object complement usually agrees with the object in number.After that people called the boy a little hero.SummarySummary1.T
12、he following verbs are often followed by an object and a noun or a noun phrase as an object complement:Summary1.The following verbs are often followed by an object and a noun or a noun phrase as an object complement:name,call,choose,elect,make,Summary1.The following verbs are often followed by an ob
13、ject and a noun or a noun phrase as an object complement:name,call,choose,elect,make,e.g.We elected John chairman of our club after the former one retired.Summary1.The following verbs are often followed by an object and a noun or a noun phrase as an object complement:name,call,choose,elect,make,e.g.
14、We elected John chairman of our club after the former one retired.When we were working on the farm,we all call Iron Ox.Summary2.The following verbs are often followed by an object and an adjective as an object complement:Summary2.The following verbs are often followed by an object and an adjective a
15、s an object complement:make,get,keep,find,consider,Summary2.The following verbs are often followed by an object and an adjective as an object complement:make,get,keep,find,consider,e.g.Though he did not mean to hurt her,yet his joke did make her angry.Summary2.The following verbs are often followed
16、by an object and an adjective as an object complement:make,get,keep,find,consider,e.g.Though he did not mean to hurt her,yet his joke did make her angry.After many years of hard work,he found it impossible to carry on with his experiments.Summary3.The following verbs are often followed by a to-infin
17、itive as an object complement:Summary3.The following verbs are often followed by a to-infinitive as an object complement:ask,tell,beg,invite,order,advise,warn,want,get,wish,expect,persuade,allow,permit,forbid,help,Summary3.The following verbs are often followed by a to-infinitive as an object comple
18、ment:ask,tell,beg,invite,order,advise,warn,want,get,wish,expect,persuade,allow,permit,forbid,help,e.g.She asked me to answer the question at once.Summary3.The following verbs are often followed by a to-infinitive as an object complement:ask,tell,beg,invite,order,advise,warn,want,get,wish,expect,pers
19、uade,allow,permit,forbid,help,e.g.She asked me to answer the question at once.The teacher did not allow us to talk to each other in class.Summary4.The following verbs are often followed by a bare infinitive as an object complementSummary4.The following verbs are often followed by a bare infinitive a
20、s an object complementhave,make,let,help,see,hear,watch,notice,find,observe,look at,listen toSummary4.The following verbs are often followed by a bare infinitive as an object complementhave,make,let,help,see,hear,watch,notice,find,observe,look at,listen toe.g.In that factory,the boss always has his
21、workers work more than fifteen hours a day.Summary4.The following verbs are often followed by a bare infinitive as an object complementhave,make,let,help,see,hear,watch,notice,find,observe,look at,listen toe.g.In that factory,the boss always has his workers work more than fifteen hours a day.The Mos
22、t exciting thing for the old man was to watch his grandchildren play in the garden.Summary5.The following verbs are often followed by a present participle as an object complement:Summary5.The following verbs are often followed by a present participle as an object complement:have,keep,get,feel,see,he
23、ar,watch,find,notice,observe,Summary5.The following verbs are often followed by a present participle as an object complement:have,keep,get,feel,see,hear,watch,find,notice,observe,e.g.As we got to the top of the mountain,we saw the sun rising in the east.Summary5.The following verbs are often followe
24、d by a present participle as an object complement:have,keep,get,feel,see,hear,watch,find,notice,observe,e.g.As we got to the top of the mountain,we saw the sun rising in the east.Some villagers reported that they saw the missing boy playing near the river toward evening.Summary6.The following verbs
25、are often followed by a past participle as an object complement:Summary6.The following verbs are often followed by a past participle as an object complement:have,make,get,see feel,hear,watch,findSummary6.The following verbs are often followed by a past participle as an object complement:have,make,ge
26、t,see feel,hear,watch,finde.g.When you speak English you should try your best to make yourself understood.Summary6.The following verbs are often followed by a past participle as an object complement:have,make,get,see feel,hear,watch,finde.g.When you speak English you should try your best to make you
27、rself understood.I was surprised to find my room thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.Please go through Lost civilizations again and find as many sentences with an object complementas you can.ExamplesSven found the remains of buildings buried under the sand,together with a lot of
28、 treasures,such as coins,painted pots,silk materials,documents and wall paintings.ExamplesSven found the remains of buildings buried under the sand,together with a lot of treasures,such as coins,painted pots,silk materials,documents and wall paintings.remains of buildings is the object,and buried un
29、der the sand is the object complement,which gives information about the situation of the object.ExamplesWe found the ruins most interesting.ExamplesWe found the ruins most interesting.the ruins is the object,and interesting is the object complement,which gives information about the object.Read the n
30、ext excerpt from Anns diary entry on page 48 and use proper object complements to complete it.Try to understand what these phrases in the box mean.Please do C1 on page 108 in your Workbook to practisewhat you have learnt in this part.Eitheror,neithernorYou must pay attention that either.or.,neithern
31、or can connect the coordinate subject,verb,object and adverbial in sentences.1.Connecting the coordinate subjects 1.Connecting the coordinate subjects Either your mother or your father,or both your parents can come with you.1.Connecting the coordinate subjects Either your mother or your father,or bo
32、th your parents can come with you.Either Tim or his brothers have to water the trees every other day.1.Connecting the coordinate subjects Either your mother or your father,or both your parents can come with you.Either Tim or his brothers have to water the trees every other day.Neither your aunt nor
33、I have any other thought but what is the best for you?1.Connecting the coordinate subjects Either your mother or your father,or both your parents can come with you.Either Tim or his brothers have to water the trees every other day.Neither your aunt nor I have any other thought but what is the best f
34、or you?But neither his daughter nor his son would listen to his suggestions.2.Connecting the coordinate objects2.Connecting the coordinate objectsAt school we may have either rice or noodles for supper every day.2.Connecting the coordinate objectsAt school we may have either rice or noodles for supp
35、er every day.You may choose either physics or chemistry as your major.2.Connecting the coordinate objectsAt school we may have either rice or noodles for supper every day.You may choose either physics or chemistry as your major.They have neither steam heat nor running water.2.Connecting the coordina
36、te objectsAt school we may have either rice or noodles for supper every day.You may choose either physics or chemistry as your major.They have neither steam heat nor running water.I wont take a trip for I have neither the time nor money.3.Connecting the coordinate predicates or predicatives3.Connect
37、ing the coordinate predicates or predicatives“Either go to the concert or stay at home.Dont go anywhere else,”father shouted.3.Connecting the coordinate predicates or predicatives“Either go to the concert or stay at home.Dont go anywhere else,”father shouted.3.Connecting the coordinate predicates or
38、 predicatives“Either go to the concert or stay at home.Dont go anywhere else,”father shouted.The books there are either books on travel or detective novels.3.Connecting the coordinate predicates or predicatives“Either go to the concert or stay at home.Dont go anywhere else,”father shouted.The books
39、there are either books on travel or detective novels.That is neither my fault nor his.3.Connecting the coordinate predicates or predicatives“Either go to the concert or stay at home.Dont go anywhere else,”father shouted.The books there are either books on travel or detective novels.That is neither m
40、y fault nor his.He was neither clever nor stupid,but good enough at his work.3.Connecting the coordinate predicates or predicatives“Either go to the concert or stay at home.Dont go anywhere else,”father shouted.The books there are either books on travel or detective novels.That is neither my fault n
41、or his.He was neither clever nor stupid,but good enough at his work.One third of the men could neither read nor write.4.Connecting the coordinate adverbials or attributes:4.Connecting the coordinate adverbials or attributes:We are going to return to our home town either today or tomorrow.You may tak
42、e either the blue or the green one.4.Connecting the coordinate adverbials or attributes:We are going to return to our home town either today or tomorrow.You may take either the blue or the green one.The two men walked very fast,looking neither to the right nor to the left.4.Connecting the coordinate
43、 adverbials or attributes:We are going to return to our home town either today or tomorrow.You may take either the blue or the green one.The two men walked very fast,looking neither to the right nor to the left.Paul came at the right time,neither too early nor too late.5.Connecting the coordinate cl
44、auses:5.Connecting the coordinate clauses:Either you must improve your work,or I will dismiss you.5.Connecting the coordinate clauses:Either you must improve your work,or I will dismiss you.Either you cut it out,or we shall have to wash our hands of the whole business.例1 Not only I but Jane and Mary
45、 _ tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be例1 Not only I but Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be析:由“or,eitheror,neithernor,notbut,not only but also”连接两个并列主语时，动词与靠近的主语保持一致。例1 Not only I but Jane and Mary _ tired of having one ex
46、amination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be析:由“or,eitheror,neithernor,notbut,not only but also”连接两个并列主语时，动词与靠近的主语保持一致。_ you or he the teacher of English?Neither my sister nor my mother _ present at the meeting.A.Are,was B.Is,were C.Are,are D.Is,is e.g._ you or he the teacher of English?Neither my s
47、ister nor my mother _ present at the meeting.A.Are,was B.Is,were C.Are,are D.Is,is e.g.Subject-verb agreement例2 A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered例2 A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A.is off
48、ered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered析:一般说来，主语后带有with,together with,as well as,along with,in addition to,like,including,but,rather than,no less than等词语时，其谓语动词随主语。The monitor as well as his classmates was given a reward for working hard.e.g.例2 A library with five thousand books _ to the nat
49、ion as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered析:一般说来，主语后带有with,together with,as well as,along with,in addition to,like,including,but,rather than,no less than等词语时，其谓语动词随主语。The monitor as well as his classmates was given a reward for working hard.e.g.例3 When and where to build t
50、he new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decidedC.has not decided D.have not decided例3 When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decidedC.has not decided D.have not decided析:当when和where加不定式指的是同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。不定式，动名词短语或从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。Reading aloud is very important
51、in learninga foreign language.e.g.例3 When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decidedC.has not decided D.have not decided析:当when和where加不定式指的是同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。不定式，动名词短语或从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。Reading aloud is very important in learninga foreign language.e.g.例4 Every boy and every
52、girl _ that each day and each hour brings _dutyA.know,their B.knows,theirC.knows,its D.know,its例4 Every boy and every girl _ that each day and each hour brings _dutyA.know,their B.knows,theirC.knows,its D.know,its析：every/each/no+单数名词+and every/each/no+单数名词短语做主语，谓语动词用单数。No teacher and no student agre
53、es to have classes on Sunday.e.g.例4 Every boy and every girl _ that each day and each hour brings _dutyA.know,their B.knows,theirC.knows,its D.know,its析：every/each/no+单数名词+and every/each/no+单数名词短语做主语，谓语动词用单数。No teacher and no student agrees to have classes on Sunday.e.g.例5 We live day by day,but in
54、the great things,the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant.07 湖南A.is B.are C.has been D.have been 例6 A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health.07 江西A.show;are B.shows;isC.show;is D.shows;are例5 We live day by day,but
55、 in the great things,the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant.07 湖南A.is B.are C.has been D.have been 例6 A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health.07 江西A.show;are B.shows;isC.show;is D.shows;are例5 We live day by day
56、,but in the great things,the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant.07 湖南A.is B.are C.has been D.have been 例6 A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health.07 江西A.show;are B.shows;isC.show;is D.shows;are由and连接的名词作主语时:1.由
57、and连接的两个不同概念的名词作主语时，动词要用复数：Both you and I are going to attend the meeting.When he will go to BJ and how he will go to BJ have not been decided yet.e.g.2.如果后面加作为插入语，谓语也用单数形式。Black,and not Mary,was chosen monitor.She,and not you,is going to speak at the meeting.All work,and no play,has made you a fool
58、.e.g.3.以many a或more than one修饰的单数名词后面的谓语用单数形式，但其意义是复数性的。Many a boy is fond of playing football.More than one student enjoys folk-music.e.g.The boy and the girl were each given an apple.e.g.注：在以each，every，no修饰的并列主语中的两个名词前不能加冠词。如果并列的两个名词前分别加定冠词变成复数概念，此时，放在后面作同位语，动词仍用复数形式。4.当and连接的为同一人、事或概念时，这时and后的名词前
59、没有冠词，其动词用单数：The singer and composer is coming to our school.Bread and butter is often served for breakfast.Pork and Chinese cabbage is one of my favourite dishes.e.g.常见的由and连接的指一个概念的有：The needle and thread,salt and water,the folk and knife,soap and water,iron and steel，a watch and chain,the bread an
60、d butter,truth and honesty,a cup and saucer（茶托）等。当主语后面接说明主语的修饰词或插入语时：谓语动词的数不受修饰成分的影响，仍与主语一致。常见的有：with,along with,together with,as well as,like,no less than,rather than,more than,as much as,but,except,besides,including等。Bamboo,like a tree,grows tall and straight.The house,including the garden and the
61、 garage,was sold out.e.g.当集合名词做主语时：根据句子内容，谓语动词既可是单数，也可是复数。常用人的集合名词有：group,class,team,family,nation,army,audience,crowd,public,governmentMy family is a happy family.My family all love music./The audience was in good order.(指整体状态).The audience were greatly encouraged.(指具体的人)e.g.注：有些集合名词如people、cattle等
62、在任何情况下都与复数形式搭配。就近原则：以连词or，eitheror，nor，neithernor，not onlybut(also).连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语与其相邻的保持一致。Among the boys,one or two are able to jump 1.6 metres.There is a bed,a table and two chairs in her room.e.g.以某些“不定代词或表示数量的词+of+名词”结构，谓语形式要与of后边的名词保持一致。70 percent of the surface is covered with water.70 perce
63、nt of the farmers have improved their living conditions.The rest of his journey was pleasant.The rest of the girls are fond of music.All of your work is well done.All of your answers are correct.e.g.注意1.one of+复数名词+（单）谓语，如：One of the students is from the south.2.one of+复数名词+定语从句（从句动词用复数），如：He is one
64、 of the boys who are ready to help others.注意3.the(only)one of+名词（复数）+定语从句，从句中谓语动词用单数，表示众多中只有一个，如：He is the only one of the students who comes early.4.a number of和the number ofThe number of the students in the school is 1,250.A number of students are waiting outside the gate.“the+adj.(分词或数词)”结构起名词作用时
65、：如果这个结构表示的是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式，如果这个结构表示抽象概念（或具体的某个人），谓语用单数形式。The old are being taken good care of.There is an old man and a young man in the room now.The old is the father of the young.The unexpected was not prevented in those days.表示重量、距离、金钱、一段时间及由one and a half修饰的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：Twenty dollars isnt e
66、nough to buy the book.Ten miles isnt long.Five times five is twenty-five.One and a half apples is lying on the plate.练习exercise1.Do you know _.A.what is the police looking forB.what are the police looking forC.what the police are looking forD.what the police is looking for1.Do you know _.A.what is t
67、he police looking forB.what are the police looking forC.what the police are looking forD.what the police is looking for2._he _I finished the experiment?A.Have neither/nor B.Has neither/norC.Have neither/or D.Have either/or2._he _I finished the experiment?A.Have neither/nor B.Has neither/norC.Have ne
68、ither/or D.Have either/or3.The old _ well looked after by the government in China.A.is B.are C.has been D.was3.The old _ well looked after by the government in China.A.is B.are C.has been D.was4.The secretary and manager _ very busy now.A.is B.are C.has been D.were4.The secretary and manager _ very
69、busy now.A.is B.are C.has been D.were5.Both the secretary and the manager _ agreed to attend the meeting.A.has B.have C.are D.is 5.Both the secretary and the manager _ agreed to attend the meeting.A.has B.have C.are D.is 6.During the holidays every train and ship _ crowded.A.are B.were C.was D.has6.
70、During the holidays every train and ship _ crowded.A.are B.were C.was D.has7.Tom as well as two of his classmates _ invited to the party.A.was B.were C.have been D.had been7.Tom as well as two of his classmates _ invited to the party.A.was B.were C.have been D.had been8.Most of his spare time _spent
71、 in reading.A.are B.were C.was D.have been8.Most of his spare time _spent in reading.A.are B.were C.was D.have been9.Ten thousand dollars _ quite a large sum.A.are B.is C.has D.have9.Ten thousand dollars _ quite a large sum.A.are B.is C.has D.have10.About 20 percent of the work _ done yesterday.A.ar
72、e B.is C.were D.was10.About 20 percent of the work _ done yesterday.A.are B.is C.were D.was11.The United States _ founded in 1776.A.was B.is C.were D.are11.The United States _ founded in 1776.A.was B.is C.were D.are12.This pair of shoes _ made in our factory.A.is B.are C.have been D.had been12.This
73、pair of shoes _ made in our factory.A.is B.are C.have been D.had been13.No one except my parents _ anything about it.A.know B.knows C.is knowing D.have known13.No one except my parents _ anything about it.A.know B.knows C.is knowing D.have known14.A number of students _ from the south.A.are B.is C.h
74、ave D.has14.A number of students _ from the south.A.are B.is C.have D.has15.The number of students from the south _ small.A.are B.is C.have D.has15.The number of students from the south _ small.A.are B.is C.have D.has16.John is the only one of the students in our class who _ to school on foot.A.go B
75、.goes C.have gone D.are going16.John is the only one of the students in our class who _ to school on foot.A.go B.goes C.have gone D.are going17.It is not I who _ wrong.A.is B.are C.am D.has been17.It is not I who _ wrong.A.is B.are C.am D.has been18.He said that his family _ all very well.A.are B.we
76、re C.is D.was 18.He said that his family _ all very well.A.are B.were C.is D.was 19.One and a half apples _ on the table.A.is leaving B.is left C.are left D.left19.One and a half apples _ on the table.A.is leaving B.is left C.are left D.left20.Where _ that five pounds I lent you?A.is B.have C.was D.
77、were20.Where _ that five pounds I lent you?A.is B.have C.was D.were21.I _the ninth letter of the English alphabet.A.are B.be C.is D.am21.I _the ninth letter of the English alphabet.A.are B.be C.is D.am22.Six times seven _ forty-two.A.are B.is C.have D.was22.Six times seven _ forty-two.A.are B.is C.h
78、ave D.was23.The United States_made up of 50 states,one of which_Kentucky.A.is/are B.is/is C.are/is D.are/are23.The United States_made up of 50 states,one of which_Kentucky.A.is/are B.is/is C.are/is D.are/are24.The population of the city_increasingfast.A.were B.be C.is D.are24.The population of the c
79、ity_increasingfast.A.were B.be C.is D.are25.One third of the population here_workers.A.is B.have C.be D.are25.One third of the population here_workers.A.is B.have C.be D.are26.Now the police _ searching the town for the lost child.A.was B.were C.is D.are26.Now the police _ searching the town for the
80、 lost child.A.was B.were C.is D.are27.Two of them will go first,the rest _to stay.A.is B.are C.used D.have27.Two of them will go first,the rest _to stay.A.is B.are C.used D.have28.He was the one of the students who _ praised at the meeting.A.was B.were C.is D.are 28.He was the one of the students wh
81、o _ praised at the meeting.A.was B.were C.is D.are 29.The scientist and professor _ left for Russia.A.have B.has C.is D.are29.The scientist and professor _ left for Russia.A.have B.has C.is D.are30.Many a boy _ made such a funny experiment.A.have B.are C.has D.is 30.Many a boy _ made such a funny ex
82、periment.A.have B.are C.has D.is 31.Every means _ been tried since then.A.has B.were C.was D.has been31.Every means _ been tried since then.A.has B.were C.was D.has beenRead Part A on page 51.It is another of Anns diary entries.Try your best to understand the article and choose the correct verb forms.Then go through Part B on page 51.It is a letter in a local newspaper.Read the letter and finish the exercise individually,using the correct forms of the given verbs.
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