1、外研版九年级下册英语Module1-4语法知识点复习提纲Module1 Travel【重点单词】1.flight /flat/ n. 航班；飞行2.direct /drekt/ adv. 径直地；直接地3.pilot /palt/ n. 飞行员4.succeed /sksi:d/ v. 成功；做成5.school-leaver /sku:l li:v/ n. 英毕业生6.exactly /gzktli/ adv. 确切地；完全； 口（表示赞同）确实如此7.sir /s:/ n. 先生；长官8.officer /fs/ n. 军官；官员；警察9.stupid /stju:pd/ adj. 笨的；
2、糊涂的10.jacket /dkt/ n. 短上衣；夹克【重点短语】1. welcome back 欢迎回来2. not bad 还不错3. be full of 充满4. because of 因为；由于5. fly back to someplace飞回某地6. a bit late 有点晚7. fly direct to Hong Kong 直飞香港8. succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事9. take a boat to someplace 坐船去某地10. have quite a good time 玩得很高兴11. tour the city 环城市旅行12.
3、 go for a walk 去散步13. had better do sth. 最好做某事14. at the end of the term 在学期末15. nothing to worry about 没什么担心的16. as long as 只要17. the school-leavers party 毕业生晚会18. look forward to (doing) sth. 盼望(做)某事19. say goodbye to sb. 向某人告别20. take care （告别用语）多保重21. get on 上(车)22. be afraid that恐怕23. take ones
4、 seat 就坐24. have/get sth. ready把某物准备好25. have a look at sth. 看一看某物26. wait a moment 等一会儿27. go past 经过28. sb. be surprised to do sth. 某人对做某事感到惊奇29. take off 脱去30. make oneself done (heard /understood) 使某人自己被(听见/理解)31. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事【重点句型】1.How was your holiday?你的假期过得怎么样？2.The train was ful
5、l of people, and I had to stand for over six hours.火车上全都是人，我不得不站了6个多小时。3.Hes staying with his family in the UK, and flying back tomorrow.他回英国和家人团聚去了，明天飞回来。4.Weve got exams at the end of the term.期末我们有很多考试。5.Im afraid youre sitting in my seat.恐怕您坐了我的座位。6.Please have your tickets ready.请您备好车票。7.Sit do
6、wn and make yourself comfortable.舒舒服服地坐下来吧。知识点Unit1 We toured the city by bus and by taxi.1. welcome back 欢迎回来 2. not bad 还不错3. be full of 充满 =be filled with 4. over = more. than 超过、多于 5. because of + 名词/ 代词/动名词 because +句子6. fly back to +地名 飞回某地 7. a bit late 有点晚 a bit of + 不可数名词 8. fly direct to H
7、ong Kong 直飞香港 9. succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 10. take a boat to sp. = go to sp. by boat 坐船去某地 have quite a good time 玩得很高兴 11. tour the city v. = take a tour to the city n. 环城市旅行12. go for a walk 去散步 13. had better do sth. 最好做某事14. at the end of the term 在学期末 15. nothing to worry about 没什么担心的16. as
8、long as 只要; 和一样长 17. the school-leavers party 毕业生晚会18. look forward to+ sth. / doing sth. 盼望(做）某事 Unit 2 Its a long story.1. say goodbye to sb. 向某人告别 say hello to sb. 向某人问候 2. take care 多保重 care for:喜欢 care about:关心 take care = be careful 小心、注意 take care of sb. / sth. 照顾某人 / 保管某物 3. get on 上（车） get
9、off 下（车） 4. Be afraid +that从句 恐怕 be afraid of +名词/代词/动名词 害怕/担心 be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 5. take ones seat 就坐；坐某人的座位 have /get sth. ready: 把某物准备好 Please have your tickets ready.请把票准备好。 6. have a look at sth. = take a look at sth. = look at sth. 看一看某物 7. I see the problem. 我发现问题了。 I see. 我明白了。8. How
10、 stupid of me.！我真笨！ = How stupid I am! How + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 某人因做了某事而显得怎样 How careless of you to make this mistake.9. wait a moment 等一会儿 for a moment 一会儿 at that moment 在那时 a moment ago 刚才 at any moment任何时候 a moment later片刻之后 10. 1). Thats very good of you. 你真好。 Its / Thats + 形容词 + of sb. t
11、o do sth. 表示人的性 格或品质，这类形容词有：kind, good, nice, clever, polite, careless等。 Its kind of you to help me with the work.2). 若形容词 仅仅是描述事物, 不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价时，用for sb.,这类形容词有：difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous等。 Its difficult for us to finish the work.11. go past 经过 12. sb. be surprised to do sth.某人
12、惊奇做某事 sb. be surprised at sth.某人对感到惊奇 to ones surprise 令人惊奇的是 in surprise 惊奇地, 是副词性短语，修饰动词 13. take off 脱下 (反义词 ) put on穿上 take off 起飞 14. make sb. / oneself + adj.(形容词) 使某人/某人自己怎样 The news made her happy.15. make sb./oneself done (heard /understood)使某人/ 某人自己被（听见/ 理解）The teacher made himself underst
13、ood in class.16. Its a long story. 说来话长。（口语）17. 1) offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物 2) provide sb. With sb. = provide sth. for sb. 提供某物给某人 冠词讲解与考点分析 冠词是中考单项填空必考的语法项目之一,一般每年有一道小题,两个空。因为冠词用法比较灵活,往往随着语境的变化而变化,并且固定搭配和特例较多，失分的考生比较多。本文将结合中考试题,归纳冠词的考点。第一部分：基础知识一、冠词概述冠词是虚词
14、，它不能单独使用。只能附在一个名词上说明这个名词。冠词分为不定冠a(an)词和定冠词the。不定冠词一般表示泛指；定冠词一般表示特指。二、不定冠词a(an)的用法A. 不定冠词a(an)用于单数可数名词前。a用于辅音字母开始的词前；an用于元音字母开始的词前。如：a girl an English bookB. 不定冠词用来表示类别，指某一类人或某一类事物中的一个(泛指)。如： His father is a doctor. I work in a middle school in Beijing.C. 不定冠词用于单数可数名词前，可以表示其全类(泛指)。如： An English teach
15、er teaches the students how to learn English.三、定冠词the的用法表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：He bought an English-Chinese dictionary this morning. The dictionary is very good.用于单数可数名词前，表示整体或类别。如：The panda is a rare animal.此句等于：A panda is a rare animal. = Pandas are rare animals.用来表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：the sun, the moon, the sky
16、, the earth, the world用于表示阶级、党派的名词前。如：the Chinese Communist Party, the working class the proletariat 无产阶级常用于含有普通名词或形容词的专有名词前。A. 用于许多江海，山脉，群岛等名词前： The Yellow River The East Sea the Himalayas the Pacific OceanB. 用于由普通名词构成的国名： The Peoples Republic of China the United StatesC. 用于机关、团体、朝代、时代、报刊杂志等名词前： th
17、e United Nations the State Council the Tang dynasty the Peoples Daily the Summer Palace the Peace Hotel the British Museum用于表示方位的名词前。如：the east the southwest the middle the Far East on the left用于乐器名词前，但汉语拼音的乐器前不用冠词。如：play the piano play the violin play erhu用于复数的姓氏前，表示两夫妇或全家，在此情况下，这类名词作复数对待。如：When we
18、 got there, the Lius were waiting for us.The Smiths watch TV every day.用于某些形容词或过去分词前，表示一类人或事物。如：the poor the rich the living the young the wounded the oppressed the beautiful用在形容词的最高级前或序数词前。如：Shanghai is the biggest city in china. After the game, the first thing they wanted to do was to take a hot b
19、ath.四、零冠词用法表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前，不用冠词。 Now people are living a happy life. Trees are planted everywhere.不含普通名词的专有名词，表示泛指的物质名词和抽象名词前，不用冠词。 We are studying English. He is leaving for America this year. It is pleasant to walk in soft snow. Love is always stronger than hatred.名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰，不用冠词。
20、I like this picture better. Is that your book Take their chairs away! I do not have any money on me. As time went on, Einsteins theory proved to be correct.季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。 She likes spring while I like summer. We have no classes on Saturday. The Long March started in October 1934.表示只有一人担任的职务、头衔
21、的名词前，不用冠词。 We have elected him our monitor. 三餐饭的名词前，一般不用冠词。 When do you have lunch After supper we usually take a walk.节假日等名词前，不用冠词。 Children all wear their best clothes on National Day. People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.注意：在eve后有of短语则要加定冠词： on the eve of National Day on the eve of Ne
22、w Years Day球类和棋类运动的名词前，不用冠词。 play basketball play chess作表语用表示程度的形容词最高级前，不用冠词。 Your help was most timely. This method is most effective.注意：如果有比较范围，形容词最高级前必须加定冠词： Of all methods, this is the most effective.在某些固定词组里，名词前不用冠词。 on footby train/ boat / planein fact as a matter of fact in classin churchin d
23、angerin hospitalin town in bedat homeat schoolat daybreakat sunrise at duskat sunset at nightat noongo to school go to classgo to bedfrom morning till night from victory to victory from door to door五、注意事项当man作人类讲时，用零冠词。 Man will conquer nature.某些抽象名词具体化时是可数名词，其前可加a。surprise, fire, joy, He is a succe
24、ss as a teacher. Long Jing is a famous tea in China.a 用于姓氏前表示某个只知道名字而不不熟悉的人。 A Mr Liu is waiting to see you outside.在某些句型中可加a It is a pity that you have missed the chance. It is a shame / a pleasure / a honour for sb. to do sth.word 作消息讲时，用零冠词。 Word came that he would go abroad.第二部分：考点分析考点1 不定冠词一、用于
25、单数可数名词前,表示泛指，相当于“any”，说明事物的种类或类属。例题：1It is often said that _ teachers have _ very easy life. A. 不填；不填 B. 不填；a C. the, 不填 D. the, a提示：这里的a very easy life（简单的生活）表示泛指。答案：B2When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to_hotel; I can find you_bed in my flat.A. the; a B. the; 不填C. a; the D. a;
26、不填提示：此处bed表示泛指,意思是“我能在我的公寓里为你找到一张床”。答案：A二、用于单数可数名词前，表示某一个，相当于“a certain”。例题：1I knew _ John Lennon, but not _ famous one.A. 不填；a B. a；the C. 不填；the D. the；a提示：有一个叫John Lennon的人，用不定代词，表示某一个。答案：B2I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _ city. I only remember it was _ Monday.A. the, the B. a, t
27、he C. a, a D. the, a提示：某个星期天是a Monday。答案：D三、不定冠词a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前。例题：The Wilsons live in _ A- shaped house near the coast. It is _ 17th century cottage.A. the ; 不填 B. an; the C. 不填 ; the D. an; a提示：因为a 属于元音音素，应该用an;答案：D四、不定冠词位于抽象名词前，与抽象名词连用，使抽象名词具体化，表示“一场、一次、一件”。如：a pleasure一件乐事，a surpris
28、e一件令人惊讶的事，a joy一件高兴的事，a pity一件遗憾的事，an honour一个（件）经以为荣的人(事)。例题：1It is _ great pleasure to go to _ cinema after a weeks hard work.A. a; the B. the ; a C. a, a D. the , the提示：a great pleasure 表示“一件快乐的事”。答案：A2Its quiet obvious that the aging population I China will cause _ heavy pressure on _ whole soci
29、ety in the future.A. a; a B. the ,/ C. a ,the D. /, the提示：a heavy pressure表示一个承重的压力。答案：C3Id like _ coffee.A. a B.some C.the D. a cup提示：a coffee表示一杯咖啡。答案：A五、用于序数词前，表示“又一”。例题：Give it _ second thought and youll find it wise to accept _ job.A. the ; the B. a ; a C. a ; the D. the ; a提示：a second thought
30、表示“再次考虑 ”。答案：C考点2 定冠词一、表示特指或第二次提到例题：The warmth of _sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _wool used.AThe ; the Bthe ; / C/; the D/; /提示：第一空格为特指，交待the warmth的内容。答案：B 二、用在序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前例题：Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _thirteenth century.Ath
31、e / Bthe the C/ the D/ /提示：序数词前用定冠词the。答案：C三、用于固定句型中1beat / hit / knock / strike sb +in / on the+人体部位例题When I told him he had to be paid by _ hour, he become angry and hit me on _nose.A. an; my B. the ; the C. an ;the D. / ;a提示：hit sb on the nose表示“打在某人的鼻子上”，用the。答案：B.2the+比较级，the+比较级，表示越来越例题：_ more
32、 you use a dictionary, _ more useful it will become to you.A. The ;the B. The ;/ C. /; the D. / ; /答案：A四、由普通名词构成的专有名词前通常加定冠词例题：The most important thing about cotton in history is_part that it played in_Industrial Revolution.A. 不填;不填 B. the;不填C. the ;the D. a; the提示：Industrial Revolution是由普通名词构成的专有名词
33、,其前须用定冠词。答案：C考点3 零冠词一、唯一的职务、头衔名词前不加冠词。如：captain, chairman, head, president, monitor.例题：Lincoln was elected _ President of _ United States in 1860.A. the ; the B. / ; the C. a; / D. /;/提示：the president 表示头衔。答案：B二、球类、三餐以及学科名词前通常使用零冠词例题：She is_newcomer to_chemistry but she has already made some importa
34、nt discoveries.A. the; the B. the; 不填C. a; 不填 D. a; the提示：chemistry是学科名词,前面不加冠词。答案：C三、特殊用法如word 表示“消息”时一般不加冠词。例题：Early in the morning _ word came that David had been made _governor of the state.A. the ;the B. / ; / C. a ; the D. / ; the答案：BModule 2 Education【重点单词】1.ours /az/ pron. 我们的2.tie /ta/ n. 领
35、带3.row /r/ n. 一排；一行；一列4.pool /pu:l/ n. 水池；游泳池5.pass /p:s/ v. 及格；通过（考试或检查）6.secondary /sekndri/ adj. （教育）中等的；次要的；间接的7.absent /bsnt/ adj. 缺席的；不在的8.bell /bel/ n. 钟；铃【重点短语】1. wear a jacket and tie 穿夹克衫系领带2. sit in rows 坐成排3. sports ground 运动场4. enjoy /like doing sth. 喜欢做某事5. one day 某一天（过去/将来）6. play wi
36、th. 和玩7. mean doing sth. 意味着做某事8. far (away) from someplace 离某地远9. secondary school 中学10. be present at 出席11. last for 持续12. have a break 休息一下13. two more lessons 还有两节课14. instead of 代替，而不是15. in the country 在农村，在乡下16. parents meeting 家长会17. once a term 一学期一次18. above all 首先，最重要的是19. do well in 在方面做
37、得好20. ask for ones advice 征求某人的建议21. to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是22. teach oneself 自学【重点句型】1.And everyone is sitting around tables in the classroom.而且大家都围着教室里的课桌坐着。2.This means more people to play with.这意味着有更多的人一起玩耍。3.River School is a secondary school, about twenty minutes away from my home by bike.里弗学
38、校是一所中学，离我家骑自行车大约20分钟的车程。4.We have a break from 11:05 am until 11:15 am, then another lesson, and then lunch for anhour.11:05到11:15是课间体息时间，之后还有一节课，然后是一个小时的午餐时间。5.Some people learn German instead of French.有些人不学法语，学德语。6.We have a large sports ground for football and tennis, where we can play both duri
39、ng and afterschool hours.我们有一个很大的运动场，可供学生课内外踢足球、打网球。7.Once a term, there is a parents meeting, so our parents and teachers can talk about ourprogress.学校每学期召开一次家长会，我们的父母和老师可以讨论我们的进步情况。知识点 Unit 1 They dont sit in rows.1. What islike? 是什么样的？/怎么样？What are English school like?英国学校什么样？Whats the weather li
40、ke today? 2. a bit /a little/much/even + 形容词或副词的比较级 a little earlier much better3. wear a jacket and tie 穿夹克衫系领带 4. sit in rows 坐成排 5. sports ground 运动场 6. Enjoy /like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 7. one day 某一天(过去/将来) 8. Play with 和玩9. mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 打算/意图做某事Unit2-Unit3 What do I like b
41、est about school?1. How do you like ？= What do you think of ？你觉得怎么样？2. far (away) from sp. 离某地多远 3. primary school 小学 secondary school 中学4. be present at 出席 be absent from 缺席5. last (for) + 一段时间 持续 6. have a break = have /take a rest 休息一下7. two more lessons = another two lessons 还有两节课 8. instead of
42、+ sth. /doing sth. 代替，而不是 9. in the country = in the countryside 在农村，在乡下10. parents meeting 家长会 11. once a term 一学期一次 12. above all 首先，是重要的是 13. do well in 在方面做得好14. ask for ones advice 征求某人的建议 take/follow ones advice 接受/听从某人的建议15.to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是 16. teach oneself sth. = learn sth. by onese
43、lf自学语法代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。 一、人称代词是表示我、你、他、她、它、 我们、你们、他们的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表(1)： 如：He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。 Its me. 是我。 二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形 容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人物和数的变化见下表。如：I like his car. 我喜欢他的小汽车。 Our school is
44、here，and theirs is there. 我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。 表(1)： 数单数复数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称主格I youhe/she/itweyouthey宾格meyouhim/her/itusyouthem形容词性物主代词myyourhis / her /itsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshis / hers /itsoursyourstheirs 三、指示代词表示那个、这个、这些、那些等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。 如：That is a good idea. 那是
45、个好主意。 四、表示我自己、你自己、他自己、我们自己、你们自己和他们自己等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为反身代词。 如：She was talking to herself. 她自言自语。 五、表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有each other和one another两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区别。 如：They love each other. 他们彼此相爱。 六、不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，如anybody，something，none。这些不定代词大都可以代替
46、名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语， 但none和由some，any，no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语。如： -Do you have a car? -你有一辆小汽车吗？ -Yes，I have one. -是的，我有一辆。 -I dont know any of them. 他们，我一个也不认识。 七、疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句） 如：Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。 八、关系代词有wh
47、o，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等；另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）。 如：He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人. 代词的用法 I.几类代词的相应形式: 人称代词单数复数 主格 I 我you he she it we you they宾格me我you himherit usyouthem形容词性物主代词my我的 your hisherits ouryourtheir名词性物主代词mine我的
48、yours hishersits oursyourstheirs反身代词myself我自己yourselfhimself herself itselfourselvesYourselvesthemselvesII.人称代词的用法:1.主格作主语或表语: She and Tom are good friends. Its she who wants it. 2. 宾格作及物动词和介词的宾语,还可作表语. Aunt Li took care of us. Who is knocking at the door Its me. 3.物主代词的用法: 形容词性物主代词只能做定语,修饰名词,相当于形容词
49、. My mother is a nurse in a hospital. Their teacher is coming here. 名词性物主代词可以做主语,宾语和表语,相当于名词. This is my pen, yours is lost.(yours=your pen) The best composition is hers. (hers= her composition) I cant find my ruler, I have to use hers. (hers = her ruler) 4.反身代词的用法: 反身代词表示主语发生的动作落在主语自己身上,或用来加强名词或代词的
50、语气. 作主语:I hope he didnt hurt herself. She taught herself English. 同位语: You yourself said so. You can do it yourself. 常与以下动词连用: hurt, dress, enjoy, say to, talk to, teach, wash, help 还可以与介词连用:by oneself 自己(不需要别人帮忙) for oneself (替自己,为自己) to oneself(供自己用) 5.不定代词及用法: (1)可分为普通不定代词,个体不定代词和数量不定代词: 通不定代词:so
51、me, any, no, somebody, nobody, anybody, someone, anyone, no one, something, anything, nothing, one 个体不定代词:all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both, everybody, everyone, everything 数量不定代词:many, much, few, a few, little, a little, a lot of, lots of (2) 普通不定代词的用法(部分): A. some一般用于肯定句, 当预期
52、对方作肯定回答时也用于疑问句: Could you please give me some information about it? 还用于表示要求和提供某物的句子: Would you like some tea? B. any 的用法: (1)用于否定句及含有否定意义词(hardly, never, no)的句子中: I have hardly any time. (2)用于疑问句中和条件句中: Do you see any birds in the tree? (3) some, any, no, 与 one, thing, body 构成的合成词的用法:这些代词都表示单数的概念,so
53、me, any与one, thing, body构成的合成词的区别与和的用法基本相同. There is someone looking for you outside. If you want anything, call me, please. 这些代词如被定语修饰, 应放在定语前,如被else修饰,也放在else前: Is there anything new in the newspaper Im afraid I cant help you, youd better ask someone else. C. other, another 的用法: 两者均可指人,也可指物,other
54、意为 另外,不确指,需要确指时前加定冠词the, the other,意为 another另一个: other: (a)后跟名词(单,复),泛指 别的,其他的 The Great Wall is longer than any other wall in the world. Ill go swimming with other friends tomorrow. (b)the other后跟名词单或数,或后不跟名词, 特指两者中的另一个: At last we got the other side of the river. Thirty are girls and the other st
55、udents are boys in our class. I have two pens, one is blue and the other is red. (c) others 后不加名词,泛指另外一些别的人或事物;the others 特指其余所有的人或事物: Some of us like playing table-tennis, and others like playing basketball. Thirty in our class are girls, and the others are boys. (d) 泛指三者以上的 一些不用加the, 用 some. other
56、s的形式: Some people like it, others not. another: 泛指另一个,不与the连用,只能跟可数名词单数: I dont like this one, will you please show me another We asked him to sing us another song. D. both, either, neither的用法:他们均用于两者之间,neither, either用做单数,both用做复数, (a)both:肯定句中表示两者都,用于否定句中表示 两者不都,即部分否定: Both of the sisters are good
57、 at English. Not both of them are good at English.(One is good at English, the other isnt.) I dont know both his brothers. (I only know one of them.) Bothand 连接两个主语时谓语动词用复数: Both my bothers and I are teachers. (b) neither: 表示两个都不, either表示两个中的任何一个, neither是 either的否定形式,两者均表示单数形式,做主语时谓语动词用单数形式: Eithe
58、r you or he is right. Neither he nor you is right. neither是both的反义词,做形容词时与单数名词连用,不用the: Neither pen writes good.= Neither of the pens writes good. Neithernor, eitheror. Either you or I am right. Nether you nor I am right.=Both you and I are right. E. (a) little, much, (a) few, many 的用法: little 很少表否定
59、, a little 少许表肯定, much= not a little: I know little about him. 我不了解他. I know much about him. 我对他很了解. There is little to be done, is there There is a little to be done, isnt there 在对不可数名词提问时要用how much: I spent a lot of money on books. How much did you spend on books as little as 尽可能少的 as much as 尽可能多
60、的 as as结构中不用 a little Few 表示 很少 表否定含义, a few 有一些表肯定含义, many= not a few 许多,不少, 这三个词用于修饰可数名词: Few of us understand our teacher. A few of us understand our teacher. His book has few readers, does it His book has a few readers, doesnt it as few as 尽可能少 as many as 和一样多 asas. 结构中不用a fewModule3 Life now an
61、d then【重点单词】1.wealthy /weli/ adj. 富有的；富裕的2.fear /f/ n. 担心；害怕3.wealth /wel/ n. 财富；财产4.double /dbl/ v. 使加倍；把增加一倍 adj. （成）双的；两个5.seldom /seldm/ adv. 很少地；不常6.spare /spe/ adj. 空余的；备用的7.deaf /def/ adj. 聋的8.tiny /tani/ adj. 微小的；极小的9.electric /lektrk/ adj. 用电的；电动的10.light /lat/ n. 电灯11.candle /kndl/ n. 蜡烛12
62、.postman /pstmn/ n. 邮递员13.cold /kld/ n. 寒冷；冷空气14.heat /hi:t/ n. 高温；热度15.full-time /fltam/ adj. 专职的；全日制的16.role /rl/ n. 作用；职责；角色17.education /eduken/ n. （个人的）教育；学业18.transport /trnsp:t/ n. 运输业；交通【重点短语】1.do a composition 写一篇作文2.the most important difference 最重要的不同3.in the past 在过去4.know more about. 了解
63、更多5.be better at preventing illness 更善于预防疾病6.prevent sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止某人/某物做某事7.take as much exercise as. 像做一样多的运动8.make more pollution 制造更多污染9.work hard 努力学习/工作10.too much free/spare time 太多空闲时间11.do ones homework 做作业12.talk/speak of 谈论，提到13.be more relaxed 更放松14.life in Beijing北京的生活15.th
64、e role of woman 妇女的角色16.all ones life 某人一生17.change a lot 变化很大18.go out to work出去工作19.12 hours a day 每天12个小时20.look after 照顾，照料21.a full-time job 全职工作22.married women 已婚妇女23.the whole of his working life 他的整个工作生涯24.three times a day 一天三次25.ready-made food 熟食，现做的食物26.grow up 成长，长大27.help sb. with sth
65、. 帮助某人做某事28.fall off 跌落，从掉下来29.pick up 拾起，捡起30.get/be married (to) sb. 和某人结婚31.marry sb. 嫁给/娶某人32.at work 在工作33.no longer 不再34.enough to do sth. 足够做某事35.for example例如36.on the other hand另一方面37.stay healthier 保持更健康38.have a good diet 有良好的饮食39.play sports 做运动40.lead alife 过的生活41.be interested in对感兴趣42
66、.be close to 靠近43.each other彼此，互相44.as a result结果45.raise money 筹集资金【重点句型】1.Mum, do you think that life is better today than in the past?妈妈，您认为现在的生活比过去好吗?2.People are wealthier today, and they live longer than they did in the past.现在的人们比过去富有了，也比过去长寿了。3.We know more about medicine today, and theres l
67、ess fear of getting ill because we know howto deal with the ordinary diseases.我们现在对医学懂得更多了，知道怎么治疗普通的疾病，所以不那么害怕生病了。4.When the number of cars is doubled, the pollution is also doubled, or even worse.当汽车的数量翻倍时，污染也翻倍了，甚至更严重。5.People seldom say they have enough spare time!人们总说他们没有足够的休闲时间!6.What was your
68、life like in the past?您过去的生活是什么样的?7.My father was a postman, and he often worked twelve hours a day outside in the winter cold orin the summer heat.我父亲是个邮递员。无论严寒酷暑，他经常每天在户外工作12个小时。8.There were five children in my family, and looking after us was more than a fulltime job.我家有五个孩子，照料我们比做一份全职工作还要辛苦。9.Th
69、e only thing I dont like, though, is that theres so much more traffic.但是有一件事我不喜欢，就是交通太拥挤了。Unit1 They sometimes work harder.1. nearly = almost 几乎；差不多 2. know about 了解关于的情况3. There is less fear of 很少害怕 4. get ill 生病5. take /do exercise=play sports 做锻炼 6. used to do sth.过去常常做某事 There used to be 曾经有7. s
70、uppose that 从句 猜想；认为 suppose sb. to be 认为某人是 be supposed to do sth. =should do sth. 应该做某事 You are not supposed to play basketball here. 8. Thats because 那是因为 Thats why 那就是的原因9. the number of +可数名词复数 的数量（数目、人数）,其作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 a number of +可数名词复数 许多的，其作主语时，谓语动词用复数。10. in ones free time = in ones spare
71、 time = when sb. be free 在某人的业余时间11. speak up 大点声说 12. the deaf 失聪的人 the blind 盲人Unit 2-Unit3 I think life is better today.1. all ones life 终生，一辈子 all day (long) 整天 all the year round 整年2. in the winter cold or in the summer heat 无论是寒冷的冬天还是火热的夏天3. a loving mother 一位慈祥的妈妈 4. go out to work 出去工作5. a f
72、ull-time job 一份全职工作 a part-time job 一份兼职工作6. afford to do sth. 有足够的钱做某事 afford to buy sth. 买得起某物7. whats more 而且；更重要的是 8. play a role/part in (doing) sth. 在（干）某事上起作用9. have a good education 接受良好的教育 10. be/get married to sb. 与某人结婚 11. be happy/glad to do sth. 高兴/乐意做某事12. be busy doing sth. = be busy
73、with sb. 忙于（做）某事13. though 可是，不过；然而 （位于句末）14. Generally speaking = in general 一般而言15. satisfying adj. 令人满意的 be satisfied with 对满意 satisfy v. 使满意形容词和副词1 形容词及其用法形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又
74、称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。（错）He is an ill man.（对）The man is ill.（错）She is an afraid girl.（对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice2 以-ly结尾
75、的形容词1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。改错：(错） She sang lovely. （错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对） Her singing was lovely. （对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily pape
76、r. The Times is published daily3 用形容词表示类别和整体1） 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope.2） 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor.4 多个形容词修饰名
77、词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -出处-材料性质，类别-名词 a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirta famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car典型例题:1） Tony is going camping with _ boys. A.little two otherB. two little otherC.two other little D.little o
78、ther two 答案：C。由限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -性质-名词的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。2)One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。3) - How was your recent visit to Qin
79、gdao?- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the _days at the seaside.A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last答案：B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照下表：限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+those + three + beauti
80、ful + large + square新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词old + brown + wood + table5 副词及其基本用法副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。一、副词的位置：1） 在动词之前。2） 在be动词、助动词之后。 3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意： a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。 We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。He speaks English well.
81、二、副词的排列顺序：1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。 Please write slowly and carefully.3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 改错：(错)I very like English. (对)I like English very much.注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。 I dont know him well enough. There is enough food
82、for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat.6 兼有两种形式的副词1) close与closelyclose意思是近； closely 意思是仔细地 He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.2)late 与lately late意思是晚； lately 意思是最近 You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?3)deep与deeply deep意思是深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度
83、，深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film.4)high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.5)wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是广泛地，在许多地方 He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.6)free与f
84、reelyfree的意思是免费；freely 的意思是无限制地 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like.7 形容词与副词的比较级大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1) 规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加-er，-esttall（高的）gr
85、eat（巨大的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-stnice（好的）large（大的）able（有能力的）nicerlargerablernicestlargestablest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-estbig（大的）hot（热的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节
86、词未尾加-er，-estclever（聪明的）narrow（窄的）cleverer narrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。important（重要的）easily（容易地）more important2) 不规则变化原级 比较级 最高级 good（好的）well（健康的）betterbestbad（坏的）ill（有病的）worse worst old（老的）older/elder oldest/eldest much/many（多的）more most little（少的）less least far（远的）
87、 farther/further farthest/furthest 8 as + 形容词或副词原级 + as1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。He cannot run so/as fast as you.2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。 as +形容词+ a +单数名词 as + many/much +名词 This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can.3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。This room is twice as bi
88、g as that one.Your room is the same size as mine.4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ the + n. + ofThis bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine.9 比较级形容词或副词 + thanYou are taller than I. Th
89、ey lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.注意： 1）要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother. (对) He is clever than his brother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 (错) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other countries in A
90、sia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。 比较：Which is large, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the
91、taller of the two sisters.10 可修饰比较级的词1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。Module 4 Rules and suggestions【重点单词】1.sock /sk/ n. 短袜2.whenever /wenev/ conj. 每当；无论什么时候3.proper /prp/ adj. 合适的，适
92、当的4.edge /ed/ n. 边；边缘5.yourself /j:self/ pron. 你自己6.starve /st:v/ v. 挨饿；饿死7.go /g/ n. 尝试；努力8.rock /rk/ n. 岩；岩石9.stone /stn/ n. 石头10.fairly /feli/ adv. 相当；还算11.smooth /smu:/ adj. 无困难的；顺利的；光滑的；平坦的12.straight /stret/ adj. 直的；笔直的13.tent /tent/ n. 帐篷14.fall /f:l/ v. 变成，进入（某种状态）15.hang /h/ v. 悬挂；吊16.sudde
93、n /sdn/ adj. 突然的；急剧的17.gun /gn/ n. 枪18.soft /sft/ adj. 软的；柔软的19.still /stl/ adj. 静止的；不动的20.wood /wd/ n. （小）树林；林地21.blood /bld/ n. 血；血液【重点短语】1. pay attention to (doing) sth. 注意（做）某事2. for a moment 一会儿3. set off 出发，动身4. suggest doing sth. 建议做某事5. close to 靠近6. hurt oneself 伤着某人自己7. keep together聚在一起，不
94、分散8. be/get lost 迷路9. go off 离开；熄灭10. on ones own 独自地11. start to do/doing sth. 开始做某事12. be careful of/with sth. 小心某物13. come on 过来；赶快；加油14. to start /begin with 起初，开始的时候15. watch out 小心，当心16. watch out for sb./sth. 当心某人/某物17. the three of us 我们三个人18. fall asleep 入睡19. in the middle of the night 在午夜
95、20. make a noise 制造噪音21. look out of 从往外看22. put up 建造；搭起；举起23. from a long way away 从很远的地方24. tidy up 收拾；整理；使整洁25. reach out 伸出(手或臂)26. look up 抬头；向上看；查找，查阅27. a piece of wood 一块木头28. in the woods 在树林里29. every time 每次；每当（引导时间状语从句）30. be made of 由制成31. pass onto 把传递给32. in order to do sth. 为了做某事33.
96、 at the same time 同时34. be known as 作为而出名35. be responsible for sb./sth. 对某人/某事负责36. in one go 一口气；一下子37. rock climbing 攀岩【重点句型】1.Before we set off, there are a few rules and suggestions for you.在我们出发之前，有一些规则和建议给你们。2.Now, you mustnt walk too close to the edge of the hill path because you might fall
97、and hurtyourselves.对了，你们千万别走得离山路的边缘太近，因为可能会掉下去摔伤。3.Dont drink all your water in one go.别一次把水都喝完了。4.And you must be careful of falling stones.并且你们一定要注意落石。5.It should be a fairly smooth walk to begin with because its a straight path, but itll start to getdifficult soon!刚开始这条路还算平坦，因为是条直路，但是很快就要变得难走起来了。
98、6.But when I looked out of the tent, there was nothing there.但当我向帐篷外张望时，却什么也没发现。7.No one can run faster in the forest than a bear.在森林里没有人比熊跑得更快。8.While the others were resting, I went for a walk in the forest.当別人休息时，我在森林里散步。9.For the next ten days, every time there was a sudden noise, my blood went
99、cold.之后的十天中，每当听到突然的声响，我都会心惊胆战。Unit 1 You must be careful of falling stones.1. pay attention to sth. /doing sth. 注意（做）某事 2. for a moment 一会儿 3.set off/out= start off /out 出发，动身 set off for sp. 动身去某地4. suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 suggest that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人应该做某事 make a suggestion 提建议5. wheneve
100、r = no matter when 无论什么时候 6. close to = next to = near 靠近7. hurt oneself 伤着某人自己 8. keep together 聚在一起，不分散9. be/ get lost 迷路 10. go off = leave 离开；熄灭；变质11. on ones own = by oneself = alone 独自地 12. Start to do / doing sth. 开始做某事13. be careful of /with sth. 小心某物 be careful of doing sth. 小心做某事 be carefu
101、l to do sth. 做某事小心 14. come on 过来；赶快；加油 15. To start /begin with 起初，开始的时候 begin/start with 以开始16. get + adj. 变得（强调变化） get yellow Unit 2-Unit3 We must keep the camp clean.1. watch out = look out = be careful 小心，当心 2. Watch out for sb. /sth. 当心某人/某物3. the three of us 我们三个人(总共三人) three of us 我们中的三个(我们不
102、止三人)4. fall asleep 入睡 5. In the middle of the night = at midnight 在午夜6. noise n. 噪音- noisy adj. 吵闹的-noisily adv. 吵闹地 make a noise 制造噪音7. look out of 从往外看 Dont look out of the window in class. 8. Open adj. 开着的；营业的 - closed adj. open v. 打开；开业 close v.9. in a tree (外来的物)在树上 on a tree (树本身长的的东西)在树上10. p
103、ut up 建造；搭起；举起 11. from a long way away 从很远的地方12. tidy up 收拾；整理；使整洁 13. reach out 伸出(手或臂) reach out for sth. 伸手去够某物 reach sp. 到达某地14. look up 抬头；向上看；查找，查阅15. a piece of wood 一块木头 in the woods 在树林16. every time = each time 每次；每当(引导时间状语从句)17. My blood went cold. 我全身发冷。 go bad变坏/变质 go blind 失明18. excep
104、t 介词 除之外，常与all, every, anything, anyone, no 等词连用。19. be made of 由制成的 The table is made of wood. 这张桌子是用木头做成的。20. wake up to = realize 意识到 We must wake up to the importance of English.21. To save water is to save lives. 节约水就是挽救生命。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。22. pass on to= pass on to 把传递给 Please pass
105、on the letter to him.23. in order to do sth. 为了做某事 so that + 句子 以便；为了24. at the same time 同时 25. be known as 作为而出名 She is known as a writer. 她作为一名作家而出名。26. be responsible for sb. /sth. 对某人/某事负责 Im responsible for my child.grammar:情态动词的语法特征1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2） 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，
106、后面只能接不带to 的不定式。3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。比较can 和be able to1）cancould 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。2）只用be able to a. 位于助动词后。 b. 情态动词后。 c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。 d. 用于句首表示条件。 e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能
107、用was/were able to， 不能用could。He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.注意：could不表示时态1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。 - Could I have the television on? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant.2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。 He couldnt be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。比较may和mi
108、ght1） 表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!He might be at home.注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。2） 成语： may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为不妨。 If that is the case, we may as well try.典型例题Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. mustB. may C. can D. will答案B. 表可能性只能用may.此句
109、意可从后半句推出。比较have to和must1)两词都是必须的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事） 2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或
110、义务。He had to look after his sister yesterday.3） 在否定结构中： dont have to 表示不必mustnt表示禁止， You dont have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。must表示推测1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为一定。2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。 You have worked hard all day.
111、 You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。比较： He must be staying there. 他现在肯定呆在那里。 He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。 3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。 I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行
112、式。-Why didnt you answer my phone call?-Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didnt hear it.5) 否定推测用cant。 If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock, he cant be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。表示推测的用法can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：1）情态动词+动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。I dont know where she i
113、s, she may be in Wuhan.2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。3）情态动词+动词完成时。表示对过去情况的推测。We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.地是湿的，昨天晚上一
114、定下雨了。4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用cant, couldnt表示。Mike cant have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。情态动词+ have +过去分词1) may(might) have
115、+ done sth, can (could) have + done sth表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.2)must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有肯定，谅必的意思。-Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.-Sh
116、e must have gone by bus.3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示不该做某事而做了。You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）ought to 在语气上比should 要强。4) neednt have done sth 本没必要做某事I dressed very warmly
117、for the trip, but Ineednt have done so. The weather was hot.5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.should 和ought toshould 和ought to 都为应该的意思，可用于各种人称。-Ought he to go?-Yes. I think he ought to.表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该）、had better最好）、must（必须）渐强
118、。had better表示最好had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。had better do sth had better not do sthIt is pretty cold. Youd better put on my coat.Shed better not play with the dog. had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为本来最好。You had better have come earlier.would rather表示宁愿would rather dowould rather not dowo
119、uld rather than 宁愿而不愿。还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示宁愿、宁可的意思。If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.典型例题-Shall we go skating or stay at home?-Which _ do? A. do you ratherB. woul
120、d you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为宁愿，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选B。will和would注意： 1）would like； Would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。 Would you like to go with me?2）Will you?Would you like? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。 Would you like some cake
121、?3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, wont you是一种委婉语气。 Wont you sit down?情态动词的回答方式问句肯定回答否定回答Need you?Yes, I must.No, I needntMust you?/dont have to. 典型例题1）-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes, of course, you_. A. mightB. will C. can D. should 答案C. could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用
122、could或might。复习： will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。2）-Shall I tell John about it?-No, you _. Ive told him already. A. needntB. wouldntC. mustntD. shouldnt 答案A。neednt 不必，不用。 wouldnt 将不, 不会的。 mustnt 禁止、不能。 shouldnt不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用neednt。3）-Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
123、-_.A. I dont B.I wont C. I cantD. I havent 答案B.will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表意愿、意志、决心，本题表示决心，选B。带to 的情态动词带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意： Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month? She didnt use to play tennis be
124、fore she was fourteen. You ought not to have told her all about it. Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.? ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。典型例题Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have toldB. tellC. be tellingD. having told答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因
125、，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用have。比较need和dare这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。1) 实义动词： need（需要, 要求） need + n. / to do sth2) 情态动词： need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。Need you go yet? Yes, I must. / No, I neednt.3) need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动：need doing = need to be done第 37 页 共 37 页