1、第 11 讲 名词性从句1. It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (2010浙江卷) A. that B. what C. how D. whether 【答案及解析】1. B考查主语从句引导词。句意：这种药将会带来什么样的副作用还不确定，虽然已有大约两千人在吃这种药。it为形式主语，_ side effect the medicine will bring about为真正的主语。还原句子： the me
2、dicine will bring about_ side effect，side effect前缺少一个修饰词，故用what。2. Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport? No problem. (2009浙江卷) A. when B. that C. whether D. what【答案及解析】2. B考查同位语从句的引导词。句意为：“你有可能到机场来接我吗？”“没问题。”you could pick me up at the airport是possibility的具体内容，故是同位语。又因这个从句不
3、缺任何句子成分，故用that引导。引导名词性从句的连接词 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。1连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中充当成分，如主语、表语、宾语或定语等。2连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中充当成分，作状语。3连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不充当成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不充当成分。注意：名词性从句的语序陈
4、述语序他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How was he successful is still a puzzle. ()How he was successful is still a puzzle. ()主语从句的用法1主语从句在复合句中作主语。如：Who_will_go is not important. 2用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。如：It doesnt matter so much whether_you_will_come_or_not. 3that引导主语从句时，不能省略。如： That_he_suddenly_fell_ill_last_week made us surp
5、rised. 表语从句的用法1表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。如：The question was who_could_go_there. 2引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。My idea is (that)_we_can_get_more_comrades_to_help_in_the_work. 宾语从句的用法 1宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。如：I hope (that) everything is all right. 2介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。如：Im interested
6、 in whether youve finished the work. 同位语从句的用法同位语从句在句中作某些抽象名词的同位语，说明该名词的具体内容。这类抽象名词有：I have no idea when he will be back. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 易错易混点1whether与if的区别 (1)只能用if的情况 宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。 如： I wonder if it doesnt rain. 引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。如： P
7、lease come to see me if_you_have_time. (2)只能用whether的情况 用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。如： Please let me know whether you want to go. (此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解) 宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。如： I dont know whether_or_not the report is true. I dont know whether/_if the report is true or not. 介词后的
8、宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。如： It depends on_whether we have enough time. They dont know whether_to_go there. 2名词性从句中主句和从句的主谓一致 (1)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数。 (2)如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 (3)由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。 When_they_will_start
9、_and_where_they_go have not been decided yet. When_and_where the party will be held has not been decided yet. 3. 疑问词 ever 和 no matter 疑问词的区别 (1)疑问词 ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。如： Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. (作主语) (2)疑问词 ever还可引导让步状语从句。如： Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished. (3)
10、no matter 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。 No_matter_who breaks the rule, he must be punished. 4. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that起连接作用，且充当句子成分，作宾语时可省略。 同位语从句表明中心词的具体内容。that在同位语从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，无具体含义，且不可省略。如： We expressed the hope that_they_had_expressed. (定语从句) We expressed the hope that_they_would_
11、come_toChina_again. (同位语从句)5. it作形式主语的常用句型 It is possible/important/necessary/clear/true that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚/很对 It is said/ reported/believed that据说/据报道 It has been announced/declared that已经通知/宣布 It seems/appears/happensthat似乎/显然、明显/碰巧 It is no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑 Its a pity/a shame/a good idea/a fact/common knowledge (众所周知)/a common saying (俗话说)