1、Section Grammar & Writing过去分词作定语和表语阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法1With this extra evidence，John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.2From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.3So many thousands of terrified people died ever
2、y time there was an outbreak.4He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.5But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.6This is one of the houses built last year.7We were given printed question papers.过去分词作定语1过去分词作定语时的位置(1)
3、前置定语一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。A watched pot never boils.心急锅不开。Many used computers will be sold in this market.很多二手电脑将在这个市场出售。(2)后置定语过去分词短语往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。The glass broken by the boy belongs to his teacher.The glass which was broken by the boy belongs to his teacher.男孩弄碎的玻璃杯是他老师的。Th
4、e driver was sending the books bought in the bookstore to the school library.The driver was sending the books which were bought in the bookstore to the school library.司机正把在书店买的书送往学校图书馆。2过去分词作定语时的意义(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，且该动作已经完成。He got the position recommended by his friend(
5、the position that was recommended by his friend)finally.他终于得到了朋友推荐的职位。They accepted the proposal put forward at the meeting(the proposal which/that was put forward at the meeting)at last.他们最终接受了会上提出的建议。(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。When he looked up，he saw a risen moon(a moon that/which had risen)hang
6、ing in the sky.当他抬头向上看时，他看见一轮升起的月亮正挂在天空中。3现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别现在分词作定语表主动或进行；而过去分词作定语时，表被动或完成。意义形式语态时态过去分词被动完成现在分词主动进行The car belonging to my uncle was stolen last week.我叔叔的那辆车上周被盗了。The bridge built in 2016 was designed by a local company.2016年建造的这座大桥是由一家当地公司设计的。4难点突破三种非谓语形式作定语所表示的内涵：done被动的动作已经完成being do
7、ne被动的动作正在发生to be done被动的动作将要发生The meeting held yesterday is very important.昨天开的会很重要。All the members of the team have attended the meeting being held.所有的队员都出席了正在举行的会议。It is said that there is a meeting to be held in the hall tomorrow.据说明天这个大厅有个会议要举行。.过去分词作表语1过去分词作表语时位于系动词(如be，get，become，look，feel，see
8、m等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。They felt excited at the news.他们对这个消息感到兴奋。He was inspired to hear the good news.听到这个好消息，他很受鼓舞。2过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。The cup is broken.杯子破了。(系表结构)The cup was broken by Tom.杯子被汤姆打破的。(被动语态)3现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别过去分词表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到的”
9、现在分词表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人的”They became so worried that they stayed awake all night.他们变得如此担心，以致一整晚都没有睡觉。The situation became so worrying that something should be done at once.形势变得令人担忧，应该立刻采取措施。.单句语法填空1The witnesses (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.2The room i
10、s empty except for a bookshelf (stand) in one corner.3The cars (sell) at the market now are made in Shanghai.4The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.5Most of the people (invite) to the school were from Beijing.6The news was and they were all at it.(excite)7We all fel
11、t at the news.(encourage)8Was it George who telephoned?No.A man (call)himself Peter.9The new books (print)in the factory these days are mainly intended for children.10The young man， (tire)of working for others，is determined to start his own firm.【答案】1.questioned2.standing3.being sold4.to be complete
12、d5.invited6.exciting；excited7.encouraged；encouraging8.called9.being printed10.tired.句型转换1All the people here like the novel.It is written by Tom.All the people here like the novel written by Tom2I am fond of the food which is cooked by your mother.I am fond of the food cooked by your mother3The man
13、who is talking with our teacher is the headmaster.The man talking with our teacher is the headmaster.4The news of the victory made us very excited.We are very excited at the news of the victory.应用文写作如何写说服性信函说服性信函首先要符合信函的格式。其次，要具备说服性议论文的特点。一般来说，说服性议论文分四个基本段落：第一段引出话题；第二、三段提出正反两方面的观点，陈述各自理由；第四段总结利弊，表明作
14、者态度。在具体写作中要注意下列几点：1话题的提出要开门见山，不要拖泥带水；2正反对比论据要正确，条理要清楚，语言应准确、精炼；3作者的观点必须鲜明，不能模棱两可；4议论文的主体时态多用一般现在时；5尽量避免同一单词、句型的重复使用，多采用同义词、相似结构以使表达多样化。1I am writing to express my views concerning.2I dont think it is a very good way to.For example，.Worst of all，.3In my opinion，it is wrong to.4As far as I am concerne
15、d，we should.5The main disadvantages of.are as follows.First.；Second.；Third.；Finally.6I would very much like to advise you to.7In the end，I will be very glad if you find my suggestions useful.8I hope you will find these suggestions practical.9Ill appreciate you taking my suggestion into account. 【导学号
16、：86924005】假如你是高二学生李华，你的一个在外地读书的同学张力给你写信，向你诉说他最近因为身体不好而影响学习的情况，并且坦言自己平时学习忙，很少锻炼。请根据这一情况给张力写一封说服性信函，鼓励他积极锻炼身体，从而为更好地学习打下基础。注意：1.词数80个左右，信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；2尽可能运用本单元所学的词汇、句型和语法。Dear Zhang Li，I am sorry to hear that you have been ill for days and hope you have got better now. Sincerely yours，Li Hua体裁书信话题
17、谈谈身体状况与学习之间的关系时态以一般现在时为主人称以第一人称为主.词汇1全神贯注于 2对有好处 3有助于 4得出结论 5提出 【答案】1.be absorbed in2.be beneficial to/do good to3.contribute to4.draw a conclusion 5put forward.句式1你学习如此投入以至于没有时间锻炼了。You have study.You have You have you have (so.that) (so引起的倒装句)2你可能会认为花费在锻炼方面的时间被浪费了。The time on exercise.You may think
18、 You may think that time (过去分词作定语)You may think that time (定语从句)3只有当你有了强健的体魄时，才能不会感到任何的不舒服，从而继续你的学习。When you ，you can You wont (only引起的倒装句；without doing sth.)【答案】1.been absorbed in；had no time for exercisebeen so absorbed in study that；had no time for exerciseSo absorbed have you been in study that
19、you have had no time for exercise.2is spent；the time is wastedspent on exercise is wastedwhich/that is spent on exercise is wasted3.have a strong body；keep on studying; feel bad or illOnly when you have a strong body can you keep on studying without feeling bad or ill. 【参考范文】Dear Zhang Li，I am sorry
20、 to hear that you have been ill for days and hope you have got better now.I feel it would be more beneficial to your health if you could take more exercise in future.You may draw a conclusion that time spent on exercise is wasted.In fact，exercise can contribute to your health and refresh your mind.A
21、fter one or two hours exercise you can study better.Only when you have a strong body can you keep on studying without feeling bad or ill.So I put forward a suggestion that you take at least one hours exercise every day from now on.I would be more than happy to see you have a stronger body.Sincerely yours，Li Hua
