1、Section Grammar & Writing定语从句阅读下列句子，体会黑体部分的用法1On a freezing cold day in January 1994，Jiesang Suonandajie found what he was looking fora group of poachers who were killing the endangered Tibetan antelope.2In the battle which followed Jiesang was shot and killed.3Often working at night，the poachers sh
2、oot whole herds of antelopes at a time，leaving only the babies，whose wool is not worth so much.4The animals are skinned on the spot and the wool take to India，where it is made into the shawls.5Sometimes there were gunfights，like the one in which Jiesang Suonandajie was killed.6Meanwhile，in those cou
3、ntries where the shawls are sold，police are getting tough with the dealers.一、引导定语从句的关系词1引导定语从句的常用关系词的用法 关系词指代对象在从句中所作成分关系代词who指人主、宾、表whom指人宾which指物主、宾、表that既指人又指物主、宾、表whose既指人又指物定as既指人又指物主、宾、表关系副词when指时间时间状语where指地点地点状语why指原因原因状语There are occasions when(on which) one had to yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beiji
4、ng is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我出生的地方。2定语从句中关系词的选用方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果是及物动词，就要用关系代词；如果是不及物动词，则要用关系副词。This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这是我去年待过的山村。方法二：准确判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分(主、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。关系词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，应用关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；关系词在从句中作状语
5、时，应用关系副词(where作地点状语，when作时间状语，why作原因状语)。3that和which引导的定语从句的区别that和which都是关系代词，都可在从句中作主语或宾语，但两者存在着不同：用that不用which的情况先行词是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one等不定代词时先行词被all，few，little，much，every，some，no等词修饰或被the only，the very，the same，the last等限定词修饰时先行词是形容词的最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时先行词是
6、序数词或其前有序数词对其进行修饰时先行词既指人又指物时主句是who或which等引导的特殊疑问句时用which不用that的情况在非限制性定语从句中用which不用that介词后边用which不用thatWe should do everything that is useful to the people.我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。When we talk about Hangzhou，the first that comes into our mind is the West Lake.我们谈论杭州时，首先想到的是西湖。This is the smallest computer tha
7、t can be found in the world now.这是目前发现的世界上最小的计算机。二、“介词关系代词”的用法1“介词关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法。(1)根据从句中的谓语动词或主要的形容词确定介词。The poor man has no house in which he can live.那个穷人没房子住。(2)根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词。I dont know the reason for which he was late for school.我不知道他为何上学迟到。(3)根据句子所要表达的意思确定介词。This is the pilot by whom my s
8、on was saved.这就是那位救了我儿子的飞行员。2“介词关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用which或whom，不用that。Ill never forget the day on which I joined the army.我永远也忘不了我参军的那一天。This is the pencil with which I draw pictures.这是我画画用的那支铅笔。3关系副词where，when，why可替换成“介词which”，介词取决于先行词及介词which在从句中的作用。why只可替换for which。This is the house in which I lived
9、two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.这就是两年前我居住的那个房子。4“不定代词或数词介词which/whom”引导的定语从句说明整体中的部分。Last week，only two people came to look at the house，neither of whom wanted to buy it.上周只有两个人来看房子，他们两个人都不想买。5“the名词of which”或“of whichthe名词”可替换“whose名词”，引导定语从句。The house the windows of whi
10、ch/of which the windows/whose windows were damaged has now been repaired.窗子遭破坏的那所房子现在已经修好了。三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别如下：限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系密切(删除后影响整个句子意义的表达)和先行词关系不密切(起补充说明的作用，删掉后不影响整个句子意思的表达)不用逗号隔开一般用逗号隔开关系代词指物时可用that、which引导不可以用that引导，只能用which只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰主句或主
11、句的一部分The Great Wall is one of the buildings that Chinese people are proud of.长城是中国人为之骄傲的建筑之一。(限制性定语从句)Yesterday I met Mary，who looked very tired.昨天我遇到了玛丽，她看上去很累。(非限制性定语从句)名师点津非限制性定语从句与并列句的识别非限制性定语从句与主句之间常用“逗号”分开，并且不能加入and，but，so等连接词。并列句一般由and，but，so 等词连接。He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows，m
12、ost of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows，and most of them hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows.Most of them hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.那个男孩擦了窗户，他付给那个男孩10美元。那些窗户的大部分已经至少一年没有擦了。四、as/which引导
13、的非限制性定语从句as引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整句话或整件事位置较灵活，可置于所修饰的句子前面、放在句子中或放在句子后一般译为“正如，就像”which修饰主句或主句的一部分定语从句只置于所修饰的句子后一般译为“这件事”As we all know，smoking is harmful to health.我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。He finished the task ahead of time，which is very important to us.他提前完成了任务，这对我们很重要。当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。As is known to everybody，th
14、e moon travels round the earth once every month.The moon travels round the earth once every month，as/which is known to everybody.It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.众所周知，月
15、亮每月绕地球转一圈。(后两句属于名词性从句范畴) 五、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词有where，when，why，在定语从句中代替先行词作状语，常可用“介词which”代替。1where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Bamboo grows well in the place where it is warm and wet all the year.竹子在一年四季都温暖潮湿的地方生长得好。2when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I often thought of my childhood when I lived on a farm.我经常回想起我的童年，那时我住在一个农场里。3wh
16、y指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。There are several reasons why(for which)we cant do that.我们不那样做有好几个理由。名师点津situation，case，point，stage等表示“情况，方面”的名词后可接where引导的定语从句。occasion 后常接when 引导的定语从句。I think youve got to the point where a change is needed，otherwise youll fail.我认为你已经到了应该有所改变的地步了，否则你会失败。.单句语法填空1Tiananmen Square wa
17、s the first place they went to visit.2This is the shop we have just been treated badly.3Do you still remember the day we first met?4 we all know，the climate is changeable now.5This book belongs to Jane， mother is a professor.【答案】1.that2.where3.when4.As5.whose.单句改错1Which is known to us all，the earth
18、is round. 2He didnt pass the exam，as made his father very angry. 3I wish to thank Professor Smith，without his help I would never have got this far. 【导学号：35522022】 4That evening，when I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late. 5This is the very place which Im wishing to live in. 【答
19、案】1.WhichAs2.aswhich3.hiswhose4.whenwhich5.whichthat如何描写一种动物1此类文章属于说明文的范畴，以“说明”为主要表达方式，用来介绍动物的类属、生活习性、生存状态、外貌特征等，可对描述的对象做总体概括介绍，给人以直观的总体认识，然后进行具体说明，目的在于给人以知识，了解此种动物。2此类文章多用一般现在时。文章应合理安排结构，注意行文的条理清晰，在动笔之前要想好描述顺序，句与句之间怎样衔接，段与段之间怎样联系。亮点句式1.is an animal that/which lives in the mountains.2It feeds/lives
20、on.3As forests are being cut down，its habitat is becoming smaller and smaller.4To protect.，measures should be taken to set up some nature reserves.5Its our eager hope that more people will lend us a hand to help save them.6If we dont protect them，theyll probably die out soon.7Finally，we should let p
21、eople know the importance of protecting endangered animals.写作任务根据下列要点提示写一篇描述大象的短文。1大象是最大的陆地动物，出生时一般重90公斤，身高1米左右。当12岁成年时，它的身高达3米多，以后不再生长。大象呈灰色，有长长的鼻子，在嘴的两侧各有一根长长的象牙。2大象通常集体生活在一起，彼此互相照顾。3多年来人们利用这种强壮的动物来搬运重物。注意：词数100左右。参考词汇：象牙ivory tusk；象鼻trunk审题谋篇体裁说明文话题自然时态一般现在时人称第三人称遣词造句1词汇称(重量)；重达 不再 呈灰色 集体生活 关心；照顾
22、 对有用 【答案】weighnot.any moregrey in colourin groupscare forbe useful to2句式大象是现今陆地上最大的动物。The elephant 出生时一般重90公斤，身高1米左右。It and is about when born.当12岁成年时，它的身高达3米多，以后不再生长。When it is 12 years old，it is and 大象通常集体生活在一起，彼此互相照顾。人们都知道它是一种非常温顺的动物。 ，the elephant is known to be a very gentle creature.多年来人们利用这种强
23、壮的动物的大力气来搬运重物。For many years people have move heavy things.【答案】is the largest animal on land todayweighs some ninety kilograms；one metre highover three metres tall；does not grow any moreUsually living in groups and caring for each otherused the strength of these powerful animals to妙笔成篇 【参考范文】The ele
24、phant is the largest animal on land today.It weighs some ninety kilograms and is about one metre high when born.When it is 12 years old，it is over three metres tall and does not grow any more.The elephant is usually grey in colour，having a long trunk with large ivory tusks on each side of its mouth.
25、Usually living in groups and caring for each other，the elephant is known to be a very gentle creature.For many years people have used the strength of these powerful animals to move trees and heavy logs.The elephant has been and is a tool for people to do many things.The elephant is and will continue to be one of the greatest creatures man has ever come into contact with.Its size，beauty and power will forever be useful to man.版权所有：高考资源网()