1、Section_Lesson_2_&_Lesson_3_Language_Points一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.castvt.投下2.undertakevt. 着手做，从事3.squeezevt. 挤4.rotv. 腐烂5.skipvt. 跳过.拓展词汇1.virtuen优点，长处virtuous adj.品行端正的virtuously adv.品行端正地2.electvt.选举，推选election n选举，推选3.mercifuladj.宽大的，仁慈的merciless adj.冷酷无情的，残忍的mercy n仁慈，宽恕4.collisionn相撞collide
2、v相撞5.editionn版本edit v编辑editor n编辑6.preservationn维护，保存preserve vt.维护，保护；保持，维持7.thirstn口渴thirsty adj.口渴的8.relayvt.转达；传送relay n接力赛9.surplusn盈余，剩余surplus adj.过剩的，剩余的10.fragrantadj.有香味的fragrance n香味1.undertake vt.着手做，从事词块undertake duty承担义务undertake job 承担工作undertake task 承担任务2.virtue n优点，长处联想表示人的品质的相关词汇v
3、irtue n. 美德faith n. 忠诚courage n. 勇气bravery n. 勇敢，勇气justice n. 正义diligent adj. 勤勉的；用功的generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的3.elect vt.选举，推选联想select vt. 挑选；选拔4.squeeze vt.挤词块squeeze into a bus 挤进公共汽车squeeze into a small room 挤进一间小房间里squeeze the juice out of a lemon 榨出柠檬汁二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.show off炫耀，夸耀2knock into s
4、b. 撞上某人3pick up 拾起4by nature 天生地，生性5refer to 指的是；参考；提到6keep an eye on 留神照看7no doubt 毫无疑问，没问题8go down 下降，下跌9date back 始于，追溯到10turning point 转折点1.dress up化妆2take up 从事3hold up 阻塞4turn up 到达，露面5make up 编造6at the entrance(s) of . 在入口处7further away from . 离较远8towards the end of . 将近的末尾三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.W
5、hat if some married people have affairs?如果有些已婚的人有婚外情怎么办呢？What if .？要是怎么样？what引导的主句为省略形式。What_if Jeremy Lin is absent from the basketball game?要是林书豪缺席这场篮球赛会怎么样呢？2.Nowadays, the word “hutong” hascome to mean more thanjust the alleys that connect the courtyards.现在，“胡同”这个词不仅仅指连接四合院的小巷子。come to do sth.表示
6、“开始做某事，逐渐做某事”。more than不仅仅。Someday, youll_come_to_know your mistakes.总有一天，你会认识到你的错误的。Kate was more_than_a_teacher. She also did what she could to take care of her pupils. 凯特不仅仅是位教师，她还尽其所能地照顾她的学生。3.By connecting peoples homes, the hutongs in fact connected peoples lives, whetherthe lives of the rich
7、or the lives of the ordinary citizens.胡同不仅使家家户户相通，实际上不管是富人还是普通人，他们的生活都被胡同联系起来了。whether . or .连接两个并列部分，表示“是还是；不论还”。Whether_she_wins_or_loses,_this is her last chance.不管她是赢还是输，这是她最后的机会了。4.They can also stop under a stone arch and watch the hutong world go by while enjoying a plate of Beijings best “Pe
8、king Duck” or satisfying their thirst with a cold Tsingtao beer.他们还可以在石拱门下停留，享受一盘最好的北京烤鸭或一杯解渴的冰镇青岛啤酒的同时，望着这胡同世界缓缓而过。状语从句的省略。I witnessed a terrible car accident while_walking_in_the_street.在街上行走时，我目睹了一次可怕的事故。1(教材P36)Nobody has any desire toshow off.没人有炫耀的欲望show off炫耀，夸耀show sb. around/round带某人参观show
9、up 到达，出现；显现出来show sb. in/out 领某人进来/出去This is your chance to show off your talents to the people interviewing you.这可是你向面试考官展现你才能的好时机。It was getting late when she finally showed_up.天色已晚，她终于赶到了。We were_shown_around the school by one of the students.我们由一名学生领着参观了学校。Thank you for your coming to see me; my
10、 secretary will show_you_out.感谢你来看我，我的秘书会送你出去的。2(教材P36)There is a leader in each area of the town and each town has an elected leader.城镇里的每个地区都有一个领导人，每个城镇都有一个选出来的领导人。elect v推举，推选elect sb. (as) . 推选某人为elect sb. to . 选举某人担任(某职务)(to为介词)elect to do sth. 选定/决定做某事We elected her to the board of education.我
11、们推选她担任教育委员会的委员。Besides, I have such a good command of English that I am_elected_as assistant to my English teacher.(2015陕西高考书面表达)此外，我精通英语，以至于我被选为英语老师的助理。He elected to_become (become) a doctor after graduation.他决定毕业后当一名医生。名师指津elect表示“选举”，主要指选举某人担任某职位。若所涉及的职位名词在句中作宾语、表语、补语，则通常不用冠词。3(教材P138)The governm
12、ent is mercifulbut if someone behaves really badly they can be made into slaves .政府是很仁慈的，但如果有人行为非常恶劣，他们将会成为奴隶merciful adj.宽大的，仁慈的(1)be merciful to对宽厚/仁慈(2)mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕；幸运；恩惠without mercy 残忍地at the mercy of 任由摆布show mercy tohave mercy on对仁慈/宽恕The mercifulking saved the young officers from death.仁慈的
13、国王把两个年青的军官从死神手中救了出来。Be merciful (mercy) to me! I darent do it next time.饶了我吧，下次我不敢了。She showed_mercy_to the orphan and gave him some food and clothes.她怜悯那个孤儿，给了他一些食物和衣服。Im not going to put myself at_the_mercy_of others.我不想任由他人摆布。4(教材P138)There is a car accident there at least once a week and today I
14、 nearly knocked into somebody crossing the road!那里每周至少有一次车祸，我今天差点儿撞上一个正在过马路的人！knock into sb.撞上某人；偶然遇上某人knock at/on敲knock down/over 打倒，撞倒knock off 停止，中断；下班，收工knock out 使失去知觉；击败，使淘汰(出局)If you knock into someone, youd better say “Im sorry”如果你撞到某人身上，你最好说句“对不起”。It is reported that France knocked Belgium
15、out in the football match.据报道在这次足球赛中，法国队击败了比利时队。While crossing the road he was_knocked_down by a bus.过马路的时候他被一辆公共汽车撞倒了。名师点津我们学过的表示“偶然遇到”的短语，除knock into外还有：run intorun acrosscome acrossmeet withmeet . by chance5(教材P38)Towards the end of the Qing Dynasty, the conditions in Beijings hutongs went down a
16、s the political situation casta dark cloud on Chinas economy.到了清朝末年，中国的经济受到政治局势的不良影响，北京胡同的状况也每况愈下。cast (cast, cast) vt.投下(光、影子等)；扔；掷cast a shadow/cloud on/over sth.给投下一层阴影cast a look/glance at sb./sth. 向看一眼cast down 使垂下；使沮丧cast sb. into prison 把某人投入监狱Dont cast away these old papers; they might be us
17、eful.别丢掉这些报纸；它们也许会有用。Her fathers illness cast_a_shadow_over/on her wedding ceremony.她父亲的病给她的婚礼投下了阴影。The bad news cast_us_down.这个不幸的消息让我们沮丧。6(教材P38)Conditions improved a great deal and the government undertook the preservation of many of the oldest hutongs.(胡同的)条件得到了很大的改善，政府对很多早期的胡同进行了修缮和保护。undertake
18、 vt.着手做，从事；承诺，答应undertake to do sth.答应做某事undertake that . 承诺If you undertake the project，you are bound to encounter difficulties.如果你承担这项工程的话，免不了遇到很多困难。He undertook to_pay (pay)the money back in six months.他保证六个月内还款。He undertook_that he would finish the work by Tuesday.他许诺在星期二之前完成这项工作。名师点津undertake没有
19、undertake sb. that .结构。7(教材P38)They can walk up Sanmiao Street, which dates back 900 years, wander down Rongxian the longest hutong at 2 km or squeeze through Qianshi the narrowest at only 40 cm wide!他们可以在900年前修建的三庙街散步，或徜徉在最长达两千米的绒线胡同，或侧身挤过最窄处只有40厘米的钱市胡同！squeeze vt.挤；捏；榨squeeze (sb./sth.) into/past/
20、through使(某人/某物)挤入/过/出squeeze sth. out of/from sth. 从中榨出/挤出He squeezed her hand and smiled at her.他捏了捏她的手，冲她笑笑。If you move forward a little, I can squeeze_past.你朝前挪一挪，我就可以挤过去。He took off his wet clothes and squeezed_the_water_out.他脱下湿衣服，拧干了水。1What ifsome married people have affairs?如果有些已婚的人有婚外情怎么办呢？W
21、hat if .？是固定句型，意为“如果会怎么样？要是怎么办？”可理解为What will happen if .?I didnt do well in the exam. What ifI cant pass the exam?我考试考得不好，要是我考试不及格怎么办？What for？为了什么目的？So what? 那又怎么样？How come .? 怎么发生的？What about ./How about .？怎么样？(表示询问情况或提出建议)What_about/How_about_going to the movies with me tonight?今晚和我去看场电影好不好？Your
22、 room is a real mess, Tom.So_what ?汤姆，你的房间看起来凌乱不堪。那又怎么样？How_come you enjoy collecting stamps?你怎么会喜欢集邮呢？2They can also stop under a stone arch and watch the hutong world go by while enjoying a plate of Beijings best “Peking Duck” or satisfying their thirst with a cold Tsingtao beer.他们还可以在石拱门下停留，享受一盘最
23、好的北京烤鸭或一杯解渴的冰镇青岛啤酒的同时，望着这胡同世界缓缓而过。句中while enjoying .是时间状语从句的省略形式，其完整形式是“while they are enjoying .”。在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果主从句的主语一致，且从句谓语中含be，从句主语和be可一同省略；或从句的主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be，it和be可一同省去。When (you are) young,you should work hard.年轻时你应该努力工作。If_(it_is)_necessary,_you can refer to your notes.如果有必要，你可以查阅
24、笔记。Even if invited (invite), I wont go to such a bad lecture.即使受到邀请，我也不想听如此糟糕的报告。名师点津歌诀巧记状语从句的省略：省略句，真容易，符合两条就可以。从句谓语含有be，两句主语要一致。从句若有it be，照样省去莫迟疑。.单句语法填空1Its said that the chairman of the meeting was_elected (elect) by the public.2The death of Mr Smith in a plane crash cast a shadow on/over his co
25、mpany.3Knock at/on the door before you enter the room.4She asked them to be merciful to the prisoners.She asked them to have mercy on the prisoners.5The project was_undertaken (undertake) by members of the committee.完成句子1I wish you_would_stop_showing_off we all know how clever you are!我希望你不要再炫耀自己了我们
26、全都知道你是多么的聪明！2Many breakins are carried out by youngsters who can_squeeze_through_windows.很多入室盗窃案都是年轻人干的，他们可以从窗口钻进去。3I forgot to bring my umbrella. What_if_it_rains?我忘带雨伞了，要是下雨怎么办呢？4You should stay where you are, unless_(you_are)_asked to leave.你应待在你现在的地方不动，除非叫你动。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高.单词拼写1I had to squeeze
27、(挤出) my way through the crowd.2He was the first black to be elected (选举) as president.3The lambs were skipping (跳跃) about all over the hill.4It is the most hardest task that I have undertaken (从事) by now.5Honesty is a kind of virtue (美德) which will influence ones values.6He is considered a merciful
28、(仁慈的) man who is always glad to help others.7The car is completely wrecked by the force of the collision (相撞)8The meat will rot (腐烂) if it isnt put into the fridge.单句语法填空1It is reported that thirty people were killed in a collision (collide) on the railway yesterday.2The society today offers the you
29、ng generation more chances to show off their talent and skills.3Mr Collins undertook to_look (look) after the children so that his wife could go to the club with two of her friends.4She has decided to do a parttime job.What for?5While crossing (cross) the street, he was knocked over by a car.6The Gr
30、eat Wall of China dates (date) from the Qin dynasty.7We have asked the neighbours to keep an eye on the house for us while we are away.8She picked up some Spanish when she was living in Mexico.完成句子1While_(I_was)_at_college,_I began to know him, a strange but able student.我在上大学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有能力的学生。2Th
31、e beauty of the mountainous country is more_than_I_can_describe.我难以描绘那个山村的美景。3It doesnt matter to me whether_you_go_or_not.你去还是不去与我无关。4What_about/How_about_going_out_for_a_walk after supper?晚饭后出去散步怎么样？5My family has an old vase, which is_said_to_date_back_to/from the Ming Dynasty.我家有一个古老的花瓶，据说可追溯到明朝
32、。.课文语法填空Every year 1.thousands (thousand) of tourists flock to China with the latest edition of Chinas “Lonely Planet” guidebook in their hands. But often it is the hutongs 2.that leave the strongest 3.impression (impress). Hutongs the many little 4.alleys (alley) that connect the rectangular courty
33、ards of traditional houses are 5.a feature of ancient Chinese.By 6.connecting (connect) peoples homes, the hutongs in fact connected peoples lives. They supported each other and shared the joy 7.and sadness of everyday life, no doubt sharing recipes, borrowing mops, and burning fragrant incense toge
34、ther.Towards the end of the Qing Dynasty, the conditions in Beijings hutongs went down as the political situation cast a dark cloud 8.on Chinas economy. The 9.turning (turn) point came when the Peoples Republic of China was set up. Conditions improved a great deal and the government undertook the pr
35、eservation of many of the oldest hutongs. Hutongs are still an important part of Beijing life and it is not 10.surprising (surprise) that tourists love the hutongs.串点成篇微表达毫无疑问(Theres no doubt that .)，汤姆是优秀的人。他从不炫耀(show off)，他对每个人都很仁慈(show mercy to)。所以他被选为(elect)公司经理。他承诺(undertake)他会让工人们过上幸福的生活。所有的工人
36、都认为这对他们来说是一个转折点(turning point)。Theres_no_doubt_that_Tom_was_excellent._He_had_never_shown_off_and_showed_mercy_to_everyone._So_he_was_elected_manager_of_the_company._He_undertook_that_he_would_let_the_workers_lead_a_happy_life._All_the_workers_thought_its_a_turning_point_for_them.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.阅读理
37、解They wear the latest fashions with the most uptodate accessories (配饰). Yet these are not girls in their teens or twenties but women in their sixties and seventies. A generation which would once only wear oldfashioned clothes is now favouring the same high street looks worn by those half their age.P
38、rofessor Julia Twigg, a social policy expert, said, “Women over 75 are now shopping for clothes more frequently than they did when they were young in the 1960s. In the 1960s buying a coat for a woman was a serious matter. It was an expensive item that they would purchase only every three or four yea
39、rs now you can pick one up at the supermarket whenever you wish to. Fashion is a lot cheaper and people get tired of things more quickly.”Professor Twigg analyzed family expending (支出) data and found that while the percentage of spending on clothes and shoes by women had stayed around the same and 5
40、 or 6 percent of spending the amount of clothes bought had risen sharply.The professor said, “Clothes are now 70 percent cheaper than they were in the 1960s because of the huge expansion of production in the Far East. In the 1960s Leeds was the heart of the British fashion industry and that was wher
41、e most of the clothes came from, but now almost all of our clothes are sourced elsewhere. Everyone is buying more clothes but in general we are not spending more money on them.”Fashion designer Angela Barnard, who runs her own fashion business in London, said older women were much more affected by c
42、elebrity (名流) style than in previous years.She said, “When people see stars such as Judi Dench and Helen Mirren looking attractive and fashionable in their sixties, they want to follow them. Older women are much more aware of celebrities. Theres also the boom in TV programmes showing people how they
43、 can change their look, and many of my older customers do yoga to stay in shape well in their fifties. When I started my business a few years ago, my older customers tended to be very rich, but now they are what I would call ordinary women. My own mother is 61 and she wears the latest fashions in a
44、way she would never have done ten years ago.”1Professor Twigg found that, compared with the 1960s, _.Athe price of clothes has generally fallen by 70%Bthe spending on clothes has increased by 5% or 6%Cpeople spend 30% less than they did on clothesDthe amount of clothes bought has risen by 5% or 6%解析
45、：选A细节理解题。由文中提到的每个数据，依次判断相关数据与句意表达是否相符，从而得出A项正确。2What can we learn about old women in terms of fashion?AThey are often ignored by fashion designers.BThey are now more easily influenced by stars.CThey are regarded as pioneers in the latest fashion.DThey are more interested in clothes because of their
46、old age.解析：选B细节理解题。由文中第五段“.older women were much more affected by celebrity style than in previous years.”和最后一段“Older women are much more aware of celebrities” 可以判定B项符合题意。3It can be concluded that old women tend to wear the latest fashions today mainly because _.Athey get tired of things more quickl
47、yBTV shows teach them how to change their lookCthey are in much better shape nowDclothes are much cheaper than before解析：选D细节理解题。由文中第二段“Fashion is a lot cheaper and .”和第四段“Clothes are now 70 percent cheaper than .”综合分析可知D项最佳。4Which is the best possible title for the passage?AAge Is No Barrier for Fas
48、hion FansBThe More Fashionable the Less ExpensiveCUnexpected Changes in FashionDBoom of the British Fashion Industry解析：选A标题归纳题。综合理解全文内容和各段的大意即可推断A项最准确地反映主题。.语法填空George Bernard Shaw, one of _1_ greatest British dramatists after Shakespeare, was born on July 26, 1856 in Dublin, Ireland. His early life
49、 was not a happy one. His father always drank too much and his _2_(disappoint) mother found more pleasure in studying music _3_ in her children. Shaw left school at fourteen and went to work in an office the next year. But after five years he decided to be a writer. He went to London in 1876, when h
50、e began to write _4_(serious). He published a study of the Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen in 1891 and was determined _5_(create) plays.Shaw wrote more than fifty plays, hundreds of essays and reviews, and several books in his life, and _6_(award) the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1925._7_(consider
51、) to be one of his best plays, Pygmalion is a(n) _8_(adapt) of a classic Greek story and was made into a film in 1938. In this play, readers can see _9_ absurd class difference is when Professor Henry Higgins bets that he can change a common flower girl into a noble lady simply by _10_(change) her s
52、peech and manners.答案：1.the形容词的最高级前面应用定冠词，故填the。2disappointed设空处作定语修饰mother，表示“失望的”，故填disappointed。3than由more pleasure可知此处表示比较，故填than。4seriously设空处作状语修饰write，故填seriously。5to createbe determined to do sth. 意为“下定决心做某事”。6was awardedShaw与award之间是被动关系，且由in 1925可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填was awarded。7Considered设空处作状语，因consider与Pygmalion 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填Considered。8adaptation设空处前面有不定冠词限定，故填adaptation。9how设空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作状语(表程度)，修饰absurd，故填how。10changing设空处作介词by的宾语，故填changing。