1、单元素养提升(五) Unit 5. 根据语境写出黑体单词的含义1. She is ranked the fifth in the world and is the top seed in this competition. (种子选手)2. Ive been a bit distant lately and she can feel it. (冷淡的)3. We sample six different teas and eat multi-flavored pumpkin seeds. (品尝)4. The suspect had refused to give any details of
2、 his identity and had carried no documents on his person. (嫌疑犯)5. With the development of the crust and its continents, a recognizable ancestor of our present earth appeared. (原型)6. Mobile technologies generate a lot of interest, and its easy to see why. (引起)7. We had to decline the invitation to vi
3、sit our friends in another city. (谢绝)8. This book is suffused with Shaws characteristic wry Irish humour. (独特的)9. Like a kid, he seems to instinctively avoid responsibility and blame. (过失)10. I think its important to be honest and be loyal and treasure your own cultural root. (根源). 选词填空be well-known
4、 that, come to an end, be similar to, adjustment to, convince . . . of, by contrast , it is said that, call off, make ones way, protect. . . from1. Its August, which is the time of year when all of these joys come to an end, when the hard work of preparing for winter begins. 2. As you know, the root
5、s of trees can help protect soil from being washed away. 3. It was not until dusk that they made their way home. 4. It is said that in Australia there is more land that the government knows what to do with it. 5. It is well-known that the higher the ground is, the thinner the air there becomes. 6. I
6、 prefer to call off the meeting on account of the bosss absence. 7. The coastal areas have mild winters, but by contrast the central plains become extremely cold. 8. He has convinced us of the importance of English reading. 9. We have made an adjustment to our price and give you a special discount o
7、f three percent. 10. We have a long way to go before AI can truly begin to be similar to the human brain. . 完成句子1. The house that is being built will be served as a meeting room for our school. (定语从句)这座正在建设的房子将用作我们学校的会议室。2. The teacher suggested to us that every minute (should) be made use of to imp
8、rove our spoken English. 老师建议我们要充分利用每一分钟来提高我们的英语口语。(固定结构)3. He is sitting by the window, looking back on his life with his mother in Paris. (分词作状语)他坐在窗边, 回顾他和母亲在巴黎的生活。4. She felt uneasy with all eyes focused on her. (with 的复合结构)所有的目光都集中在她身上, 她感到局促不安。5. According to the drivers explanation, it was no
9、t his carelessness but the bad weather that was to blame for the accident. (固定句型)根据司机的解释, 造成事故的原因不是他的粗心大意, 而是恶劣的天气。. 阅读理解(2021仙桃高二检测)For as long as weve known about it, humans have searched for a cure for cancer. Across the world, countless amounts of time and money have been spent on researching a
10、way to stop this terrible disease. But now, it seems like the answer could have been inside our own bodies the whole time. Recently, the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) in the US, a government agency thats responsible for healthcare, approved a new form of gene therapy(疗法) that could mean the end
11、of a certain type of cancer. The therapy allows scientists to “train” the immune(有免疫力的) cells of sick patients to fight leukemia(白血病) a form of blood cancer that mostly affects young people. The exciting new treatment works by removing healthy immune cells from the patient, known as T-cells, which a
12、re then changed to be able to “hunt down” cancer cells. The cells are then put back into the patient before they begin to get rid of the patients leukemia over time, similar to how the body fights off other illnesses. “This is truly an exciting new day for cancer patients, ” Louis J. DeGennaro, pres
13、ident of the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, said in a news release. Up until now, a long and painful marrow transplant(骨髓移植) was the only option for many leukemia patients. In this procedure, healthy blood cells are taken from a donator and placed into the sick patient, who also has to go through ch
14、emotherapy (化疗) to allow their body to adjust to the new cells. But with a recovery rate of around 83% according to a news release published by the FDA its hoped that the days of painful trips to the hospital, or even death, are over for leukemia sufferers. “Were entering a new frontier in medical i
15、nnovation(创新) with the ability to reprogram a patients own cells to attack a deadly cancer, ” FDA representative Scott Gottlieb said in the release. “New technologies such as gene and cell therapies hold the potential to transform medicine and our ability to treat and even cure many incurable illnes
16、ses. ”【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章介绍了医学领域的一项重大进步。美国食品药品监督管理局批准了一项新的基因疗法通过“训练”患者有免疫力的细胞去杀死癌细胞。实验已经证明这一疗法相当有效, 并且前景光明。1. What is the authors main purpose in writing the passage? A. To compare different ways of curing leukemia. B. To report on a breakthrough in cancer treatment. C. To explore the potential of g
17、ene and cell therapies. D. To show scientists efforts in search of a cure for cancer. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。通览全文可知, 文章介绍了医学领域的一项重大进步。美国食品药品监督管理局批准了一项新的基因疗法通过“训练”患者有免疫力的细胞去杀死癌细胞。因此作者写这篇文章的目的是要报道一项癌症治疗领域的新突破。故选B。2. How does the new treatment to fight leukemia work? A. By using changed T-cells to destroy cancer
18、 cells. B. By replacing sick blood cells with healthy ones. C. By removing sick blood cells during marrow transplant. D. By using chemotherapy to improve the patients immune system. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第三、四段可知, 新的基因疗法是通过“训练”患者有免疫力的细胞去杀死癌细胞。故选A。3. What can be inferred about the new therapy for leukemia
19、sufferers? A. It can save them many more trips to the hospital. B. It can improve their ability to fight off all kinds of cancer. C. It can give them a better chance of survival and recovery. D. It can reduce their pain in the process of marrow transplant. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段its hoped that the days
20、 of painful trips to the hospital, or even death, are over for leukemia sufferers. 可知, 由于这项新疗法, 白血病患者有望战胜癌症, 从病痛折磨中恢复, 并活下来。故选C。4. What is Scott Gottliebs attitude toward gene and cell therapies? A. Doubtful. B. Optimistic. C. Worried. D. Casual. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知, Scott Gottlieb认为基因和细胞疗法有望让我们
21、治疗甚至治愈一些难以治疗的疾病。因此Scott Gottlieb对于基因和细胞疗法持乐观态度。故选B。. 应用文写作假定你是李华, 你的英国笔友Jack来信告诉你, 他学习效率很低。请你给Jack回信, 提供一些你提高学习效率的方法。主要内容包括: 1. 安静的学习地点; 2. 上课集中注意力(记笔记, 回答老师问题); 3. 适当运动和休息。注意: 1. 词数80左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】Dear Jack, I have received your letter and known your problems. The following are som
22、e methods of my own on how to improve study efficiency. It is recommended to find a quiet and tidy place to study. At the same time, Ill keep my cellphone away so that I wont be disturbed. Secondly, I try to attend during the lesson as well as making notes. If possible, actively answer the questions
23、 my teachers put forward. Last but not least, exercise properly and ensure adequate sleep and rest. I hope my methods are helpful to you! Yours, Li Hua阅读理解(2021娄底高二检测)Babies made from three people approved in UKBabies made from two women and one man have been approved by the UKs fertility regulator.
24、 The historic and controversial move is to prevent children from being born with deadly genetic diseases. Doctors in Newcastle who developed the advanced form of In Vitro Fertilization or IVF (人工授精) are expected to be the first to offer the procedure and have already appealed for donor eggs. The fir
25、st such child could be born, at the earliest, by the end of 2017. Some families have lost multiple children due to incurable mitochondrial (线粒体的) diseases, which can leave people with insufficient energy to keep their heart beating. The diseases are passed down from only the mother, so a technique u
26、sing a donor egg as well as the mothers egg and fathers sperm has been developed. The resulting child has a tiny amount of their DNA from the donor, but the procedure is legal and reviews say it is ethical (伦理的) and scientifically ready. “It is a decision of historic importance, ” said Sally Cheshir
27、e, chairwoman of the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (HFEA). “Im sure patients will be really pleased by what weve decided today. ”But some scientists have questioned the ethics of the technique, saying it could open the door to genetically-modified(转基因) designer babies. The HFEA must a
28、pprove every clinic and every patient before the procedure can take place. Three-person babies have been allowed only in cases where the risk of a child developing mitochondrial disease is very high. Prof Mary Herbert, from the Newcastle Fertility Centre, said, “It is enormously pleasing that our ma
29、ny years of research in this area can finally be applied to help families affected by these devastating diseases”. “Now that we are moving forward towards clinical treatments, we will also need donors to donate eggs for use in treatment to prevent affected women transmitting disease to their childre
30、n. ”Prof Sir Doug Turnbull, the director of the Welcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research at Newcastle University, said, “We are delighted by todays decision. We will also provide long-term follow up of any children born. ”NHS England has agreed to fund the treatment costs of the first trial of thre
31、e-person IVF for those women who meet the HFEA criteria, as long as they agree to long-term follow up of their children after they are born. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 文章介绍了英国批准由三个人生产婴儿, 以此来防止儿童出生时携带致命的遗传疾病。1. Why is it historically important to approve babies made from three people? A. It helps couples who lo
32、se the ability to give birth to a baby. B. It marks a foundation stone to change babies appearances before birth. C. It stops deadly genetic diseases passing down to newly-born babies. D. It turns out to be an advanced form of In Vitro Fertilization. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中The historic and controversial
33、 move is to prevent children from being born with deadly genetic diseases. 可知, 批准由三个人生产婴儿具有历史意义的重要性是因为它能防止儿童出生时携带致命的遗传疾病, 也就是它能阻止致命的遗传疾病传给新生儿, 故选C。2. Which of the following is TRUE about mitochondrial diseases? A. They pass down on to babies from their parents. B. They prevent peoples heart from fun
34、ctioning normally. C. Some children infected can be cured with proper treatment. D. Babies can be infected with them through a donors egg. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段可知, 线粒体疾病导致人们没有足够的能量来维持心脏跳动, 一些家庭因为这种疾病失去了很多孩子, 由此可知, 线粒体疾病使人的心脏无法正常工作, 故选B。3. How can a clinic or a patient be approved of applying the three-
35、person baby technique? A. Only when the baby to be born needs it to survive. B. Only when the patient gets financially prepared. C. Only when the clinic gets scientifically ready. D. Only when the technique is ethnically accepted. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第八段第二句可知, 只有在儿童患线粒体疾病的风险非常高的情况下(只有靠这种技术才能存活), 才允许三人婴儿出生, 故选A。4. What is the authors attitude towards the approval of babies made from three people? A. Supportive. B. Indifferent. C. Worried. D. Objective. 【解析】选D。观点态度题。本文为新闻报道, 作者引用了多位该领域的专家的言论, 其中既有支持这一决定的观点, 也有人提出这一决定是否会默认转基因克隆人技术的发展的疑问(第7段), 而作者本身的观点并未在文中具体表露, 因此, 作者仍站在客观的角度看待这个问题。故选D。