1、浙江余姚市2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解选练（5）及答案阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。Passage 30(Fingerprints) The search for latent prints is done in a systematic and intelligent manner. Investigators develop techniques to locate traces of fingerprints at a crime scene. The basic premise in searching for latent prints i
2、s to examine more carefully those areas, which would most likely be touched by persons who have been on the scene. The natural manner in which a person would use and place his hands in making an entrance or exit from a building or in handling any object is the key to the discovery of latent prints.
3、Where a forced entrance has been made, latent prints are likely to be found on any surface adjacent to or at that point. Any object with a smooth, non-porous surface is likely to retain latent prints if touched. Fingerprints on rough surfaces are usually of little value. If the fingermark does not d
4、isclose ridge detail when viewed under a reading glass, the chances are that its value in identification is nil when photographed. Where fingermarks are found, it will be necessary for the investigator to compare them against the ones of persons having legitimate access to the premises so that the t
5、races might be eliminated as having evidentiary value if they prove to be from these persons. Places to search for prints on an automobile are the rear view mirror, steering wheel hub, steering column, windshield dashboard and the like. Dusting of surface may be done with a fine brush or with an ato
6、mizer. The whit powders used are basically finely powdered white lead, talc, or chalk. Another light powder is basically Chemists gray. A good black powder is composed of lampblack, graphite, and powdered acacia. Dragons blood is good powder for white surface and can be fixed on paper by heating. In
7、 developing latent prints, the accepted method is to use the powder sparingly and brush lightly. Do not use powder if the fingermark is visible under oblique lighting. It can be photographed. A good policy for the novice is to experiment with his own prints on a surface similar to the one he wishes
8、to search in order to determine the powder best suited to the surface. Fingerprints after dusting may be lifted by using fresh cellulose tape or commercially prepared material especially designed to lift and transfer dusted latent fingerprints. In addition to latent prints, the investigator must not
9、 overlook the possibility of two other types of fingerprint traces: molded impression and visible impression. Molded impressions are formed by the pressure of the finger upon comparatively soft, pliable, or plastic surfaces producing an actual mold of the fingerprint pattern. These can be recorded b
10、y photograph without treating the surface, is usually most effective in revealing the impressions clearly. Visible impressions are formed when the finger is covered with some substance which is transferred to the surface contacted. Fingers smeared with blood, grease, dirt, paint, and the like will l
11、eave a visible impression. If these impressions are clear and sharp, they are photographed under light without ant treatment. Ordinarily, prints of this type are blurred or smeared and do not contain enough detail for identification by comparison. However, they can not be overlooked or brushed aside
12、 without first being examined carefully.1. What is the best title for this passage?A. Visible impressions. . Moulded impressions.C. Fingerprints. D. Latent fingerprints.2. How many fingermarks are mentioned in this passage?A. 2. . 3. C. 4. D. 5.3. Which type of fingerprints is most likely to retain?
13、A. Latent fingerprints. . Visible impressions.C. Moulded impressions. D. Clear fingerprints.4. How many ways are there to develop fingerprints?A. 2. . 3. C. 4. D. 5.Vocabulary1. latent print 潜在指纹2. premise 前提3. non-porous 无孔的，不渗透的4. ridge 脊，隆起部5. nil 无，零6. premise 房屋及其附属部件7. rear view mirror 后视镜8. s
14、teering wheel hub 驾驶盘9. steering column 转向柱10. windshield 挡风玻璃11. dashboard 仪表盘，挡泥板12. atomizer 喷雾器13. talc 滑石14. lampblack 灯黑，灯烟15. acacia 阿拉伯树胶，金合欢胶16. dragons blood 龙血树脂，麒麟血17. sparingly 少量的，节约的18. novice 新手，初学者19. cellulose tape 纤维带，指纹胶带20. lift 提起，拿起。这里指取下指纹。21. molded impression 模性压痕22. visibl
15、e impression 可见压痕23. pliable 柔韧的，柔顺的24. smear 搽上，涂污，弄得模糊不清难句译注1. The basic premise in searching for latent prints is to examine more carefully those areas, which would most likely be touched by persons who have been on the scene.结构简析 句子长是因为有两个定语从句：which 和who； which 修饰areas; who 修饰persons.参考译文 搜寻潜手印的
16、基本前提是：要非常仔细的检查那些最可能为曾到过现场的人所触摸的地方。2. If the fingermark does not disclose ridge detail when viewed under a reading glass, the chances are that its value in identification is nil when photographed.结构简析 条件句，主从句中都有一个when +过去分词句型。第一个直接紧跟从句，第二个在主句的表语后面。译时根据其所在位置。参考译文 假如指印在放大镜下观察时没有显露隆起部分的细节（不显露指纹纹理），那很可能，
17、在摄影时其鉴别价值等于零。3. Where fingermarks are found, it will be necessary for the investigator to compare them against the ones of persons having legitimate access to the premises so that the traces might be eliminated as having evidentiary value if they prove to be from these persons.结构简析 复合句，前面是主从句， where
18、it will be necessary, 从句so that 中又有一个条件句，if they 。参考译文 如果发现了指印，检查人员就必须把发现的指印和有权进入房屋的人的指印作比较。如果指印证实是来自这些人的，那么作为证据价值的线索就可排除掉。4. A good black powder is composed of lampblack, graphite, and powdered acacia. Dragons blood is good powder for white surface and can be fixed on paper by heating. In developin
19、g latent prints, the accepted method is to use the powder sparingly and brush lightly. Do not use powder if the fingermark is visible under oblique lighting. It can be photographed. A good policy for the novice is to experiment with his own prints on a surface similar to the one he wishes to search
20、in order to determine the powder best suited to the surface.结构简析 句子长，因为表语中有形容词短语similar to , 而to 的宾语又有一个省略which的定从he wishes to search. 此外副词短语in order to 的宾语也有一个修饰的分词短语best suited.参考译文 对新手来说，最好的办法就是用自己在类似于他想要搜索的表面上的指印作一个实验，以确定最适用于这种表面的粉末。写作方法与文章大意这是一篇介绍在犯罪现场搜寻“（潜）指印”的文章。采用平铺直叙步步深入的写作方式。头两段先介绍经常会有“潜指印
21、”的地方是房子的出口和入口，汽车的后视镜，方向盘等。屋内光滑无孔的物体，如若接触就会留有潜指印，但粗糙物体的潜指印就没有价值，放大镜下不显现纹理的指印也无价值，就得看摄影显示决定。接着，介绍运用白粉，黑粉轻拂扫，新鲜纤维带把潜手印取下的种种方法和步骤。最后一段介绍了除潜手印外还有两种不能忽略的手印：模性和可见压痕及其形成和取证方法。答案祥解1. C. 指印，不管哪一种。A. 可见压痕。 B. 模性压痕。 C. 潜指印，都属于指印。所以最佳的标题应是指印。2. B. 三种指印，即：潜指印，模性和可见压痕。3. A. 潜指印。因为潜指印隐秘，又是作案人无意中留下不易为人发现和破坏。其价值性从文中第
22、三段描写取潜指印可见一般。B. 和C. 见第四段“一定不要忽略其它两种类型的指印痕：模性压痕和可见压痕的可能性”这说明这两种指印较少，特别是模性压痕是在相当柔软，柔韧或者塑性表面留下的，作案人一般都是小心翼翼的，不留下指印，更不太可能在这类东西上压上一个指痕。至于可见压痕，是手上沾了“血，油脂，脏土，油漆之类物品”留下。“一般来说，这种类型的指印都是模糊不清或者是污脏难分，比较之下它们对鉴定来说，没有足够细节证据。” D. 清楚指印，没有这个专门名称。4. A. 两种。第三段第四句起“在显影指印时，公认的方法是用少许粉末，轻轻拂扫。如果指印在昏暗的灯光下可见，就可以摄影”，“指印轻扫后就用指纹
23、胶带或商业专备材料把它们取下。这是一种专门设计用于取下和转移轻拂扫后的指印材料。”阅读理解(每题2分，满分8分)选材相似度：设题相似度：难度系数：The city of Angkor was the capital of the Khmer Empire from the 9th to the 15th centuries.The Khmer Empire was one of the most prosperous kingdoms in the history of Southeast Asia，and its prosperity was expressed through a wide
24、 range of architecture.The city of Angkor was founded on political and religious ideas adapted from India，and the temples of Angkor were intended as a place of worship for the king and a way for him to ensure his immortality through identification with the Hindu gods.Angkor Wat was first built by Ki
25、ng Suryavarman in the 12th century as a vast funerary temple that would hold his remains，symbolically confirming his permanent identity with Vishnu.During its six centuries as imperial capital，Angkor went through many changes in architectural styles and in religion.The city of Angkor transferred its
26、elf from the Hindu god Shiva to the Hindu god Vishnu，and finally to the Mahayana Buddhist goddess Avalokitesvara.By the late 13th century，the once frenzied pace of Angkors architectural pursuits had begun to die down，and a more restrained type of religion was on the rise under the growing influence
27、of Theravada Buddhism.At the same time，Angkor and the Khmer Empire were increasingly threatened and attacked by invading armies.By the 16th century，the golden age of Angkor was over and many of the great temples began to move back into the jungle.From the 15th to 19th centuries，Theravada Buddhist mo
28、nks cared for Angkor Wat，and it is thanks to them that the temple remains mostly intact.Angkor Wat became one of the most important pilgrimage sites in Southeast Asia.Angkor Wat is the best preserved example of Khmer architecture in Cambodia and is so grand in design that some rank it among the seve
29、n wonders of the world.It appears on the Cambodian national flag，a very rare instance of a flag with an image of a building.Notes：symbolically adv.象征性地frenzied adj.发狂的intact adj.完整的pilgrimage n朝拜【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。介绍了柬埔寨吴哥窟的兴衰历史。1Angkor Wat was first built to _.Ahold the remains of a kingBserve as the ro
30、yal palaceCworship the godsDbe the tomb for the king答案A细节理解题。从文章第三段可知，吴哥窟最初是为了保存国王的遗物而修建的。2Vishnu was the name of _.Aa king in ancient CambodiaBa temple in CambodiaCan Indian godDa monk in ancient Cambodia答案C细节理解题。从文章第四段最后一句可知答案，这是一个印度神的名字。3We can infer from the last paragraph that _.AAngkor Wat is
31、widely accepted as one of the seven wonders of the worldBTheravada Buddhist monks had fought against the outside invadersCAngkor Wat is not so important as it used to beDAngkor Wat has become a symbol of Cambodia答案D推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知， 吴哥窟上了柬埔寨的国旗，说明它是柬埔寨的象征。4The passage mainly tells us _.Athe history o
32、f Angkor WatBthe protection of Angkor WatCthe importance of Angkor WatDthe position of Angkor in Cambodian history答案A主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文重点介绍吴哥窟的历史，而不是吴哥窟在柬埔寨的历史地位。阅读理解(每题2分，满分8分)选材相似度：设题相似度：难度系数：As a champion of both modern and postmodern art，New Yorks historic Guggenheim Museum is a bastion of original
33、ity，burning bright amidst the Big Apples wide range of galleries and museums.The image of New York in art and popular culture has long been recognized.In the world of painting and photography，among a host of other art forms，New York has been one of the central muses of the art world.Amidst its host
34、of worldrenowned galleries are the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA)，the Metropolitan Museum and，perhaps most interestingly，the Guggenheim Museum.In terms of both its art and architecture，the Guggenheim Museum is one of New Yorks most interesting landmarks; as such，its an essential stopoff point for any c
35、ulture lovers in the city.Originally established in 1937 as “The Museum of NonObjective Painting”，the Guggenheim was established with the primary aim of showcasing the work of early modernists; to this day the museum continues to maintain ongoing exhibits of the art of Wassily Kandinsky and Jackson
36、Pollock.Its more recent exhibitions have included eclectic collections: Robert Mapplethorpe and the Classical Traditions，the work of Iraqiborn artists Zaha Hadid and an exhibition of photos showing sculptor David Smith at work.The Guggenheim Museum is not only notable for its excellent art collectio
37、ns，but also for its fundamental architectural beauty.Situated at the corner of 89th Street and 5th Avenue in Manhattan，the Guggenheim Museum was designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright，one of the most influential American architects of the early twentieth century.Looking somewhat like a coiledup wh
38、ite ribbon，it is generally recognized as one of the defining features of New Yorks diverse architectural landscape.Notes：bastion n堡垒muse n灵感eclectic adj.不拘一格的【语篇解读】 本文是说明文，介绍的是美国纽约著名的展览馆the Guggenheim Museum。1The Guggenheim Museum was first built to _.Ashow the work of early modernistsBcompete with
39、other museumsCcollect eclectic art workDbe a center of both modern and postmodern art答案A细节理解题。文章第三段提到，最初建造the Guggenheim Museum的目的是展出早期现代派的作品。2Frank Lloyd Wright is mentioned in the passage as a famous _.AIraqi artist Bmodern artistCarchitect Dsculptor答案C细节理解题。从文章最后一段可知，Frank Lloyd Wright是美国20世纪著名的建
40、筑师，是展览馆的设计者。3Which of the following is NOT true about the Guggenheim Museum?AIt is not as famous as the other two museums.BIts fundamental architectural beauty is also an attraction to visitors.CIt has a large collection of original work. DIt is situated in downtown Manhattan.答案A推理判断题。从文章第二段对三个展览馆的介
41、绍可知，其中最出名的还是the Guggenheim Museum，因此A项正确。4The best title for the passage would be _.ANew York: one of the central muses of the art worldBNew York and its famous art museumsCThe Guggenheim Museum: the jewel in New Yorks artistic crownDThe three worldrenowned museums in New York答案C主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是the Guggenheim Museum，它在纽约众多的展览馆中宛如一颗璀璨的明珠。
