1、.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。1Negative attitudes(态度)are bad for your study and sometimes even make you feel depressed.2Our hotel has a worldwide(全世界的) reputation for good service.3She was eager(急切的)to tell me about the events that led to the argument.4As for those Internet users，they should be cautious(小心
2、的)when making friends online.5The tutor needs to observe carefully how the student responds(反应)to different methods of studying.6She had little mercy on those who had hurt her.7I have an apology to make to you Im afraid I opened your letter by mistake.8Ancient people relied mainly upon their physica
3、l strength.9He hesitated before he took the last cake.10He continued speaking，regardless of my feelings on the matter.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。1adolescent adj.青春期的 n青少年adolescence n青春期；青春2caution n谨慎，小心cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的3respond vi.做出反应，回应response n回答；反应4secure adj.安全的，可靠的security n平安，安全；安全措施5commit v
4、t.使承担义务；使作出保证；犯罪/错committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的n.wideadj.人生不同的时期nationwide全国范围的countrywide全国范围的citywide全市的babyhood婴儿时期childhood儿童时期adulthood成年时期.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语。1be eager for sth.渴望得到某事2regardless of 不管，不顾3end up 最后成为；最终处于4rely on 依靠，依赖5thanks to 幸亏；由于6be cautious about 对谨慎的7be based on 以为基础，以为根据8in co
5、nclusion 总之.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空。1At home one relies on ones parents and outside on ones friends.2The boss is cautious about making promises.3Health is very important to us teenagers.Either study or work is based on strong body.4Thanks to the governments efforts，my hometown is becoming more and more be
6、autiful.5Regardless of the childrens interest，some parents want them to attend all kinds of other classes，laying a heavy burden on their shoulders.beadj.for动词短语v.up动词短语be good for 对有好处be ready for 准备好be harmful for 对有损害build up 增强hang up 挂断电话pack up 打包；整理1When asked，they usually hesitate before resp
7、onding，My best friend？当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下：“最好的朋友？”记句式结构when asked是“连词过去分词”结构，是状语从句的省略形式。仿写促落实Secondly，when praised，we reply with“Oh，no！”or“Im overpraised”to show good manners.其次，当被表扬时，我们用“哦，不是！”或者“过奖了”以示礼貌。2We have to realize：boys share activities，while girls share feelings.我们必须认识到：男孩共享活动，而女孩分享情感。记句
8、式结构while连接两个从句，意为“而”，表示一种对比关系。仿写促落实Some people support it while others do not一些人支持它而另外一些人则不支持。3At first，I didnt mind being alone，but then I saw all of the tourists having their pictures taken together，and I began feeling sad.开始，我不介意自己一个人，但当我看到所有的游客都一起拍照时，我开始感到伤心。记句式结构having their pictures taken是“hav
9、e sth.done”结构，表示“使某事被做”。仿写促落实I must go to town to have my computer repaired.我得进城找人帮我修电脑。 attitude n态度，看法(教材P18)Boys and girls have different attitudes towards friendship.男生和女生对友谊的态度是不一样的。attitude to/towards sb./sth.对的态度/看法have a positive/negative attitude to/towards sb./sth. 对某人/某事物持肯定/否定的态度/看法take/
10、adopt a/an.attitude 采取的态度From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can affect the members of a team.从这次经历中，我学到了很多关于领导者的态度如何影响团队成员的知识。They adopt a strong attitude towards this matter.他们对这件事采取强硬的态度。Scientists have a fairly negative attitude to the theory.科学家们对这个理论的态度是相当消
11、极的。What is your attitude to/towards the problem?你对这问题的看法如何？ be based on/upon 以为基础，以为根据(教材P18)Friendships between girls are usually anchored in shared feelings and support，but friendships between boys are based on shared activities or interests.女孩之间的友谊通常建立在共同的情感和互相支持之上，而男孩之间的友谊则以共同的活动或兴趣为基础。(1)base v
12、t.以为根据 n.基部；基地；基础base.on/upon 以为基础at the base of. 在的底部(2)basis n. 基础on the basis of 以为基础(3)basic adj. 基础的，基本的When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”当与浆果或其他水果片混合在一起时，冷冻香蕉是制作厚的、冷却的水果奶昔和低脂“冰淇淋”的绝
13、佳基础。You should judge someone on the basis of the truth.你应该根据事实来评判某个人。You should base your remarks on/upon careful investigation.你的言论应该建立在仔细调查的基础上。Before he leaves home，he needs to learn some basic (base) cookery.离家之前，他需要学点基本的烹饪技巧。 cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的(教材P18)A boy is likely to be cautious about shari
14、ng his feelings with his close friends.对于与密友们分享感情这件事，男孩会更加谨慎。(1)be cautious about/of对小心谨慎的(2)caution n. 小心，谨慎with cautioncautiously 谨慎地Parents must be cautious of/about whatever they say or do in or out of their home because their children are learning from them both consciously and unconsciously.父母
15、必须对他们在家中或是外面所说或所做的任何事情小心谨慎，因为他们的孩子可能有意或是无意地跟他们学。Those numbers need to be treated with caution.这些数字需要谨慎地看待。Move the vase cautiously(cautious) because it is fragile.请小心挪动这个花瓶，因为它易碎。 eager adj.热切的，急不可待的(教材P18)A girls closest friend，however，might be eager to tell her about something that has happened in
16、 her life.而一个女孩的密友则可能会迫不及待地向她吐露自己生活中发生过的一些事。(1)be eager for sth.渴望得到某物be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事(2)eagerly adv. 热切地，渴望地eagerness n. 渴望，热心，热切Everyone is eager to succeed, but the road to success is full of hardships.每个人都渴望成功，但是通往成功的道路上充满艰辛。These stayathome children in the countryside are eager for the
17、 love and care from their parents.这些农村留守儿童渴望得到父母的关爱。Five hundred pairs of eyes were fastened upon him eagerly(eager)五百双眼睛热切地盯着他。联想助记表达“渴望做某事”的短语还有：be anxious to do sth.be dying to do sth.be keen to do sth. long to do sth. (教材P18)When asked，they usually hesitate before responding，My best friend？当被问起时
18、，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下：“最好的朋友？”(1)hesitate vi.犹豫；迟疑不决；踌躇；勉强1)hesitate about/over.对犹豫hesitate to do sth. 不愿做某事，迟疑做某事2)hesitation n. 犹豫；迟疑不决without hesitation 毫不犹豫have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事She hesitated over the choice between the two dresses.这两件衣服究竟选哪一件，她犹豫不决。In case you need something，please d
19、ont hesitate to ask(ask) me.如果你需要什么东西，请不要客气，一定要对我说。I will have no hesitation(hesitate) in declining the post.我会毫不犹豫地拒绝这个职位。(2)respond vi.做出反应，回应1)respond to 回答；对做出反应respond that. 回答说2)response n. 回答；反应in response to. 作为对的回答/反应make no response to 对不作回答，对无回应The report found that youngsters felt their
20、friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.该报告发现，如果年轻人对社交媒体上的帖子不及时、不间断地回复，他们的友谊可能会受到威胁。She made no response to my question.她对我的问题没有做什么答复。He always takes the lead in response to the governments call.他总是带头响应政府的号召。 regardless of不管，不顾(教材P18)T
21、he qualities that boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same，regardless of the basis of these friendships.无论男孩和女孩友谊的基础是什么，他们所看重的朋友身上的品质似乎是一样的。(1)regardless adv.不顾；不管怎样(2)despite prep. 尽管，虽然in spite of 虽然，尽管Despite her recent surgery she has been carrying on regardless.尽管最近做了手术
22、，她还是不顾一切地进行下去。In spite of his disappointment，he managed a weak smile.尽管他很失望，他还是勉强露出一丝淡淡的微笑。明辨异同regardless of/in spite ofregardless of意为“不管”，强调主观态度in spite of意为“尽管”，表示让步关系，强调客观情况，相当于despiteregardless of，in spite ofIn spite of the cold day，he didnt shrink，and went to the rescue of a drowning child reg
23、ardless of his personal safety.名师点津regardless of，despite和in spite of的意义及用法区别不大，都是介词(短语)，后面通常都不接从句。 end up最后成为；最终处于(教材P19)I ended up returning to the train station and spending the rest of the day in the waiting room.最终我回到火车站，在候车室里过完了这一天。end up as最终成为end up with 以结束(with后的名词是事情的最后一部分)end up in 在中结束(i
24、n后的名词是指事情发展的结果)end up doing 最终做end upadj./介词短语最后The boss ended up dead in a car accident.那位老板最后在一次车祸中丧命。At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing.开始他拒绝承担任何责任，但最终还是道歉了。The festival ended up with fireworks.节日最后以燃放烟花结束。Stop spending so fast，or youll end up as a beggar
25、.不要挥金如土，否则你最终会成为乞丐的。 rely on依靠，依赖；指望(教材P19)Friendship means having someone I can rely on.友谊意味着拥有我可以依靠的人。(1)rely on/upon sb.for help/ones own efforts依靠某人的帮助/自己的努力rely on/upon sb.to do sth. 指望某人做某事rely on/upon it that. 相信(事情)(2)reliable adj. 可靠的，可依赖的These days we rely heavily on computers to organize
26、our work.现在，我们在很大程度上依靠电脑来安排我们的工作。You can rely on it that he will come to help you.你放心好了，他会来帮你的。All of us think that he is a reliable(rely)man.我们所有人都认为他是一个可靠的人。名师点津rely on后面接that引导的宾语从句时，需要用it作形式宾语。 committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的(教材P19)Friendship means being committed to others.友谊意味着对他人的忠诚。(1)be committ
27、ed to致力于；献身于(2)commit vt. 致力于，使承担义务；犯(罪，错)，干(坏事)；承诺，委托commit a crime 犯罪commit oneself to sth. 专心致志于；献身于The doctor was committed to practical medicine.那位医生致力于实用医学。I have committed myself，and there is no way to draw back.我既然已做了保证，就无法收回。He has committed himself(he)to the cause of education.他已决心献身教育事业。
28、mercy n宽恕；仁慈；怜悯；恩惠；幸运(教材P19)Because I am a friend，I have had to learn patience and mercy.因为我是一个朋友，我必须学会耐心和宽容。(1)have mercy on.对表示怜悯at the mercy of. 任由的摆布show mercy to. 可怜，对表示同情without mercy 无情地，毫不留情地Its a mercy that. 真是幸运(2)merciful adj. 仁慈的，幸运的be merciful to. 对仁慈He turned his back to his wife witho
29、ut mercy.他无情地背弃了他的妻子。Some people are born with the belief that they are masters of their own lives.Others feel they are at the mercy of fate.一些人生来就相信他们能掌控自己的生活，另一些人则觉得他们受命运的摆布。She is a kindhearted woman and often has mercy on people who are in trouble.她是个善良的女士，经常对陷入困境的人表示同情。You need to be merciful(m
30、ercy)to your brother.He is just seven years old.你要对你弟弟仁慈一点，他才七岁。 (教材P18)When asked，they usually hesitate before responding.当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下要点提炼本句是个复合句。句中when asked是when引导的时间状语从句的省略句，补充完整为：When they are asked，.。在从属连词(when，while，once等)引导的状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，并且从句谓语中含有be动词时，从句主语和be动词可以省略。While
31、 in college，he lived a simple life.在大学期间，他过着简单的生活。(从句可补充完整为While he was in college，.)Even though invited，he will not go there.即使受到邀请，他也不去那儿。(从句可补充完整为Even though he is invited，.)When leaving home, Raynor and Moth had just 320 in the bank.当离开家的时候，Raynor和Moth刚好在银行有320英镑。He stood up as if to say(say) so
32、mething.他站起来好像要说些什么。 (教材P18)We have to realize：boys share activities，while girls share feelings.我们必须认识到：男孩共享活动，而女孩分享情感。 要点提炼while在句中作并列连词，连接两个分句，表示对比，意为“而，然而”。while作从属连词的用法：(1)引导时间状语从句，意为“当时”；(2)引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”，相当于although/though；(3)引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”。While there is life，there is hope.有生命就有希望。We mus
33、t strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.虽然塑料袋看起来很难看，但它们在今天的垃圾中只占很小的比例。 (教材P19)At first，I didnt mind being alone，but then I saw all of the tourists having their pictures taken together，and
34、I began feeling sad.开始，我不介意自己一个人，但当我看到所有的游客都一起拍照时，我开始感到伤心。 要点提炼本句是but连接的并列句。but后的having their pictures taken是have sth.done结构。(1)have sth. done的两种作用：使某事被做(通常是让别人做)遭遇某种不好的事情(2)have的其他结构have sb. do sth.使/让某人做某事have sb. doing sth. 使某人一直做某事(强调动作的持续性；用在否定句中表示不允许、不容忍某人做某事)You have had your hair cut!你理发了！He
35、 had his leg broken when climbing.爬山时，他的腿摔断了。She had her bag stolen(steal)她的包被偷了。The teacher cant have his students arriving(arrive) late all the time.老师不允许他的学生总是迟到。1(教材P18)Though they get along well，there are some things about Amanda and her friends that puzzle Robert.分析该句为主从复合句，though引导让步状语从句，主句中t
36、hat引导定语从句，修饰things。翻译尽管他们相处融洽，但阿曼达和她朋友的一些事还是让罗伯特感到困惑。2(教材P19)When deciding what is most important in life，some people choose money，while others choose things like security and comfort.分析该句为主从复合句，when引导时间状语从句，what又在此从句中引导宾语从句；主句为由while连接的并列句。翻译在判断什么是生活中最重要的东西时，一些人选择钱而另一些人选择安全和舒适等。.单句语法填空1You may rely
37、 on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.2The quick recovery was truly in response(respond)to medication.3He says what he thinks，regardless of other peoples feelings.4I am going to join in what really interests me without hesitation(hesitate)5A cake is made，and candles are put on top base
38、d(base)on how old the person is.6Once you start the car，you must drive cautiously(cautious)to keep off any traffic accidents.7It was a great successthanks to a lot of hard work.8I believe that an active attitude towards/to life is important and we should fill our life with happiness and sunshine.9Br
39、itish English and American English started borrowing words from other languages，ending up with different words.10On the present base and looking forward to the future，he decides to be committed to steel industry.完成句子1在一些行星上有可能存在液态水。It is likely that there is liquid water on some planets.(likely)2一旦出
40、版，这本词典将会很受欢迎。Once published，this dictionary will be very popular.(省略的状语从句)3他神情沮丧是因为钱被偷了。The reason why he looks so depressed is that he had his money stolen(have)4生活主要由幸福和悲伤组成，而幸福和悲伤则存在于奋斗之中。Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist in struggle(while)5如果你有任何需要，随
41、时打电话联系我们。If you need any help，dont hesitate to call us(hesitate).读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。A Vacation with My MotherI had an interesting childhood.It was filled with surprises and amusements，all because of my motherloving，sweet，yet absentminded and forgetful.One strange f
42、amily trip we took when I was eleven tells a lot about her.My two sets of grandparents lived in Colorado and North Dakota，and my parents decided to spend a few weeks driving to those states and seeing all the sights along the way.As the first day of our trip approached，David，my eightyearold brother，
43、and I unwillingly said goodbye to all of our friends.Who knew if wed ever see them again？Finally，the moment of our departure arrived，and we loaded suitcases，books，games，camping equipment，and a tent into the car and bravely drove off.We bravely drove off again two hours later after wed returned home
44、to get the purse and travelers checks Mom had forgotten.David and I were always a little nervous when using gas station bathrooms if Mom was driving while Dad slept：“You stand outside the door and play lookout(放哨) while I go，and Ill stand outside the door and play lookout while you go.”I had terribl
45、e pictures in my mind：“Honey，where are the kids？”“What？！Oh，Gosh.I thought they were being awfully quiet.”We were never actually left behind in a strange city，but we werent about to take any chances.On the fourth or fifth night，we had trouble finding a hotel with a vacancy.After driving in vain for s
46、ome time，Mom suddenly got a great idea：Why didnt we find a house with a likelylooking backyard and ask if we could set up tent there？David and I became nervous.To our great relief，Dad turned down the idea.Mom never could understand our objections(反对)If a strange family showed up on her front doorste
47、p，Mom would have been delighted.She thinks everyone in the world is as nice as she is.We finally found a vacancy in the next town.Paragraph 1：The next day we remembered the brandnew tent we had brought with us. Paragraph 2：We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way. 【
48、参考范文】Paragraph 1：The next day we remembered the brandnew tent we had brought with us.Mom suggestedagainthat we should put it up somewhere beautiful so as to experience a memorable trip.At last，Dad agreed.However，David and I were still worried about it.Then Dad spent about half an hour persuading us
49、and of course he succeeded.At 2 pm.，we found a perfect place for camping.We took out the tent from our car，and put it up together，which gave us a sense of achievement.As a matter of fact，the idea that Mom came up with turned out to be wonderful and unforgettable.Paragraph 2：We drove through several
50、states and saw lots of great sights along the way.For example，there is a beautiful lake in a state.Its water is clear and calm.David and I couldnt wait to swim in it.After swimming，we asked Dad to teach us fishing.To our surprise，we two brothers caught a lot of fish for the first time，which is beyon
51、d our expectation！Dad roasted them all，which were extremely delicious.Then，Mom looked back on her childhood when she went camping with her parents，which made David and I even doubt that sometimes she was not forgetful.Eventually，we visited my two sets of grandparents，and well never forget the interesting details in the trip.