1、成都市2016高考英语短二轮：阅读理解选练（2）及答案【由江苏省盐城市2014模拟改编】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Spanish explorers called them Las Encantadas, the Enchanted Isles, and Charles Darwin used his studies of the islands as the foundation for his theory of natural selection. The Galapagos are among the worlds most impor
2、tant scientific treasures, a group of volcanic islands surrounded by deserted beaches and inhabited by unique varieties of giant tortoise, lizards, and birds. Yet life on this United Nations world heritage site has turned sour. Battles have broken out between fishermen and conservationists. Ecuador,
3、 which owns the islands, has sent a naval patrol (海军巡逻队) to put down disturbances. The controversial director of the Galapagos National Parkwhich controls 97 percent of Galapagos land and the reserve extending to 40 miles offshorehas been fired, while an air of uneasy tension hangs over the islands,
4、 as the islanders prepare for election when they pick their representatives in Ecuadors national assembly. “Its a very tense situation,” said Leonor Stjepic, director of the London-based Galapagos Conservation Trust, which raises money to help projects on the islands. “We are watching it with concer
5、n.” The violence has been triggered by an alarming growth in the islands population. Puerto Ayora, on Santa Cruz island, housed just 45 inhabitants in the 50s. Today there are more than 10,000, while the islands total population is more than 19,000 and growing by 6 percent a year, despite recently i
6、ntroduced a law to limit waves of immigrants fleeing the poor areas of Ecuador for a life “in paradise (天堂)”. On top ofthis, more than 100,000 tourists visit the islands every year.Such numbers have put the islands, special ecology under intense pressure. Conservationists backed by the Ecuador gover
7、nment, have replied by exercising strict controls to protect the islands* iguanas, blue-footed boobies, and giant tortoises. These moves have angered many local people, however. They want to exploit (开发利用) the islands waters and catch its protected species of sharks, lobsters and sea cucumbers, whic
8、h can fetch high prices in Japan and South Korea. Angry fishermen surrounded the Charles Darwin research station on Santa Cruz last February, threatened to kill Lonesome Georgethe last surviving member of the Pinta Island species of the Galapagos giant tortoise. The situation got improved after the
9、Ecuador government made concessions (让步) by increasing fishing quotas (配额), which angered conservationists. “It is tragic, the short-term gain of a few fishermen versus the long-term survival of the Galapagos,” said John McCosker of the California Academy of Sciences. “They are killing the golden go
10、ose.”Then, the Ecuador government appointed Fausto Cepeda as the national parks new director, a post that has become a political football for the mainland government. There have been nine directors in the past 18 months. This appointment was particularly controversial, however. Cepeda was known to h
11、ave close ties with the fishing industry, and the rangers (管理员),who run the national park and reserve, rebelled.More than 300 staged a sit-in at the parks headquarters and prevented Cepeda from taking up his post. A battle broke out, and at least two people suffered serious injuries. Eventually, Cep
12、edawith the fishermens help- entered the park. “I am in office, i am in control. And I am trying to lower the tension,” he announced. The Ecuador government took no chances, and sent a patrol boat to maintain the peace. A few days later, Ecuador Environment Minister Fabian Valdivicso met representat
13、ives of rangers. After discussions, he told newspapers that he had decided to remove Cepeda from the post.However, as the population continues to rise, the long-term pressures on the islands are serious and will not disappear that easily. “We have to balance its special environment with the needs of
14、 local people. In that sense, it is a microcosm (缩影) for all the other threatened parts of the world. So getting it right here is going to be a very, very important trick to pull off,” said Stjepic.1、What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 5 refer to?AThe islands swelling population.BThe l
15、aw to limit waves of immigrants.CA life in paradise.DThe tourists visiting the islands every year.2、How significant were the islands for Charles Darwin?AHe based his theory on his studies there.BHe built the Charles Darwin research center there.CHe advocated the balance between ecology and people th
16、ere.DHe found the last surviving giant tortoise there.3、What is the primary contributing factor to the conflict between conservationists and fishermen?AThe dismissal of the previous director of the Galapagos National Park.BThe exploitation of the islands.CThe governments support of Galapagos Conserv
17、ation Trust.DCepedas close tie with the fishing industry.4、We can learn from the passage that _.Athe projects of Galapagos Conservation Trust on the islands are profitableBconservationists get angry when fishermen are killing a gooseCpoliticians from the mainland government play football on the isla
18、ndsDthe government is trying to ease the tension5、In Paragraph 13, what does the author mean by “The Ecuador government took no chances”?AThe government did not seize opportunities.BThe government made no compromises.CThe government did not run risks.DThe government shrank from responsibilities.【参考答
19、案】1-5、AABDC阅读理解练习阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。ROME: The legend of Leonardo da Vinci is covered in mystery: How did he die? Are the remains buried in a French castle really those of the master? Was the Mona Lisa a self-portrait in disguise (伪装)?A group of Italian scientists believe the key to s
20、olving those puzzles lies with the remains, and they say they are seeking permission to dig up the body to conduct carbon and DNA testing.If the skull is undamaged, the scientists can go to the heart of a question that has fascinated scholars and the public for centuries: the identity of the Mona Li
21、sa. Recreating a virtual and then physical reconstruction of Leonardos face, they can compare it with the smiling face in the painting.We dont know what well find if the tomb is opened. We could even just find grains and dust, says Giorgio Gruppioni, an anthropologist who is participating in the pro
22、ject. But if the remains are well kept, they are a biological record of events in a persons life, and sometimes in their death. Silvano Vinceti, the leader of the group, said that he plans to press his case with the French officials in charge of the said burial site at Amboise Castle early next week
23、.Leonardo moved to France at the invitation of King Francis I, who named him first painter to the king. He spent the last three years of his life there, and died in 1519 at age 67. The artists original burial place, the palace church of Saint Florentine, was destroyed during the French Revolution an
24、d remains that are believed to be his were eventually reburied in the Saint-Hubert Chapel near the castle.The Amboise tomb is a symbolic tomb; its a big question mark, said Alessandro Vezzosi, the director of a museum dedicated to Leonardo in his hometown of Vinci. Vezzosi said that investigating th
25、e tomb could help identify the artists bones with certainty and solve other questions, such as the cause of his death. He said he asked to open the tomb in 2004 to study the remains, but the Amboise Castle turned him down.The group of 100 experts involved in the project, called the National Committe
26、e for Historical and Artistic Heritage, was created in 2003 with the aim of solving the great mysteries of the past, said Vinceti, who has written books on art and literature.Arguably the worlds most famous painting, the Mona Lisa hangs in the Louvre in Paris, where it drew some 8.5 million visitors
27、 last year. Mystery has surrounded the identity of the paintings subject for centuries, with opinions ranging from the wife of a Florentine merchant to Leonardos own mother.That Leonardo intended the Mona Lisa as a self-portrait in disguise is a possibility that has interested and divided scholars.
28、Theories have existed: Some think that Leonardos taste for tricks and riddles might have led him to hide his own identity behind that puzzling smile; others have guessed that the painting hid an androgynous lover.If granted access to the grave site, the Italian experts plan to use a tiny camera and
29、radar to confirm the presence of bones. The scientists would then exhume (挖掘) the remains and attempt to date the bones with carbon testing.At the heart of the proposed study is the effort to discover whether the remains are actually Leonardos, including with DNA testing. Ks*5uVezzosi questions the
30、DNA comparison, saying he is unaware of any direct descendants (后代) of Leonardo or of tombs that could be attributed with certainty to the artists close relatives.Gruppioni said that DNA from the bones could also eventually be compared to DNA found elsewhere. For example, Leonardo is thought to have
31、 rubbed colors on the canvas with his thumb, possibly using saliva (唾液), meaning DNA might be found on his paintings.Even in the absence of DNA testing, other tests could provide useful information, including whether the bones belonged to a man or a woman, and whether the person died young or old.Ev
32、en within the committee, experts are divided over the identity of the Mona Lisa. Vinceti believes that a tradition of considering the self-portrait to be not just a faithful imitation of ones features but a representation of ones spiritual identity may have resonated (共鸣) with Leonardo.Vezzosi, the
33、museum director, dismissed as baseless and senseless the idea that the Mona Lisa could be a self-portrait of Leonardo. He said most researchers believe the woman may have been either a wife of the artists sponsor, the Florentine nobleman Giuliano de Medici, or Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a rich sil
34、k merchant, Francesco del Giocondo. The traditional view is that the name Mona Lisa comes from the silk merchants wife, as well as its Italian name: La Gioconda. 50Why does the author ask a couple of questions in the beginning?ATo arouse the interest of readers.BTo puzzle Italian scientists.CTo answ
35、er the questions himself. DTo make fun of French officials.51The best title of this story might be “_”.AWhat Is the Purpose of an Investigation?BHow Did Leonardo da Vinci Die in France?CAre the Remains Really Those of the Master?DDid Leonardo Paint Himself as Mona Lisa?52The sentence “he plans to pr
36、ess his case with the French officials” (underlined in Paragraph 4) suggests that Vinceti intends to _.Apress the French officials to participate in their projectBurge the French officials to open the tomb early next weekCpersuade the French officials to allow opening the tombDrecord events in a per
37、sons life with the French officials53Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?AScholars have the same opinion on DNA testing.BScientists doubt if the remains are those of da Vinci.CThe identity of “Mona Lisa” has already been proved.DAlessandro Vezzosi got permission to ope
38、n the tomb.54We can infer from the last two paragraphs that _?A“Mona Lisa” is the name of the wife of a silk merchantBthe “Mona Lisa” is a self-portrait of Leonardo da VinciCexperts divided the committee into several groups Dopinions differ of the identity of the “Mona Lisa”【答案】题号4142434445664748495
39、0答案ADBBBADDAA题号51525354555657585960答案DCBDBBCDAD阅读理解练习阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(六)】When doctors urge overweight kids to pick up more activities，reading probably isnt what they have in mind.Yet a new study by fatness researchers at Duke University finds that the simple act of
40、 readingdepending on the choice of materialcan cause weight loss in teenage girls.The studys experimental group included 31 fat girls aged 9 to 13，who took part in the Healthy Lifestyles Program at Duke Childrens Hospital.The girls read a novel called Lake Rescue，whose protagonist (主人公) is an overwe
41、ight teenager who struggles with low selfesteem，feelings of loneliness and teasing because of her size.A group of 33 girls read a different book called Charlotte in Paris，which did not have an overweight character，and another group of 17 girls read neither book.At the end of the sixmonth experiment，
42、all the girls who read books had lost weight，but the girls who read Lake Rescue lost more.They lowered their body mass index (BMI) by 0.71，compared with 0.33 in the Charlotte group，an average 0.05 increase among the nonreaders.The idea behind the study，says Dr Sarah Armstrong，director of Healthy Lif
43、estyles，was to find a way to encourage the girls without adopting the restrictive and often authoritative voice of so many other nutrition and diet programs.Lake Rescue was the perfect instrument，says Armstrong；it presents a likable character to whom the girls could relate and whom they could learn
44、from.As the book progresses，its protagonist learns to make healthier lifestyle choices and finds an advisor to help keep her on track.Armstrong says，“She learns that she can become healthier，and the I can do itfeeling resonates (产生共鸣) with the teenage girls.”26Whats the main idea of the passage?AThe
45、re are different ways to help overweight kids lose weight.BLifestyle is important for kids.CLake Rescue is the perfect weightlosing instrument.DReading can help kids lose weight.27How many girls took part in the experiment? A31. B33. C64. D81.28What does the underlined word “She” in the last paragra
46、ph refer to?AArmstrong.BThe protagonist in Lake Rescue.CA character in Charlotte in Paris.DA girl in the first group.29According to the passage we can know that _.Aoverweight girls are living unhappilyBreading is the best way to lose weightCdifferent reading materials play different roles in losing
47、weightDpeople will become fat if they dont read30In which part of a newspaper can we read the above passage?AEducation. BEntertainment.CHealth. DAdvertisement.26D主旨大意题。由本文的主题段，即第一段可知本文的主旨，即“阅读可以帮助儿童减肥”。27D细节理解题。根据第二段计算可知，31331781。28B词义猜测题。根据“the I can do itfeeling resonates with the teenage girls”可知
48、女孩们与之产生共鸣，故前句中的She指的是Lake Rescue中的主人公。29C推理判断题。根据本文中的实验可知，不同的阅读材料对减肥产生了不同效果，故C项正确。30C推理判断题。通过本文的主旨大意可以推断出本文属于健康方面的内容。阅读理解练习【广东省2012届高三考前冲刺卷(六)】Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia (痴呆) in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones (荷尔蒙) ，U.S.researchers reported o
49、n Thursday.Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no baby，and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimers (早老性痴呆症)University of Richmond psycholog
50、y professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.“Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy (怀孕) are protecting the brain，including estrogen (雌激素)，which we know has many neuroprotective (保护神经的) effects，” Kinsley said.“Its rats data but humans are mammals just like t
51、hese animals are mammals，” he added in a telephone interview.“They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes.”Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimers and other forms of agerelated brain decline.“When peopl
52、e think about pregnancy，they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down，” said Kinsley，who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando，Florida.“They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain.If you look at female animal
53、s that have never gone through pregnancy，they act differently toward young.But if she goes through pregnancy，she will sacrifice her life for her infantthat is a great change in her behavior that shows in genetic alterations to the brain.”1How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”？AS
54、ome researchers have told them.BMany women say so.CThey know it by experimenting on rats.DThey know it through their own experience.2What does the phrase “litters of pups” mean in the second paragraph?ABaby rats. BAnimals.COld rats. DGrownup rats.3What can protect the brain of a woman according to t
55、he passage?AEstrogen.BThe hormones of pregnancy.CMore exercise.DTaking care of children.4“Its rats data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals.” What does the sentence suggest?AThe experiments on the rats have nothing to do with humans.BThe experiments on the rats are very import
56、ant for animals.CThe experiments on the rats are much the same on humans.DThe experiments on the rats are much the same on other animals.5Which title is the best for this passage?ADo You Want to Be SmarterBMotherhood Makes Women SmarterCMysterious HormonesDAn Important Study参考答案1C细节理解题。根据“Tests on r
57、ats show.”可知科学家是通过做老鼠实验得出这个结论的。2A词义猜测题。后面的对比who have no baby，实际上提供了一个相反的情况，所以我们可以推测“those who raise two or more litters of pups”中的“litters of pups”指的是“刚出生不久的小老鼠”。3B细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“.the hormones of pregnancy(怀孕) are protecting the brain.”可得出答案。4C句意理解题。科学家通过用老鼠做实验来说明人的问题。因为人和老鼠都属于哺乳动物，很多生理机能都相同。5B主旨大意题。短文第一句“Motherhood may make women smarter.”是主题句，据此我们可以得出答案。阅读理解练习阅读理解练习
