1、定语从句()语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟In the corner，there is a garbage can around which are pieces of garbage and waste paper.My cousin is a person with whom I stayed when I was young.I often think of the moment when I first saw her.Perhaps there is a reason why the house is in a mess.Mike wants to work in a c
2、ountry where there are a lot of forests.1.例句中含“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，而且关系词作介词的宾语。2.例句中含关系副词引导的定语从句，而且，关系副词在从句中作状语。why作原因状语；where作地点状语；when作时间状语。一、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1在“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词通常是which和whom，which指物，whom指人。即时训练1用“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句合并句子The reason is that he was ill yesterday.He did not hand in his homewo
3、rk for that reason.The reason for which he did not hand in his homework is that he was ill yesterday.The English play was a great success.The students acted in it at the New Years party.The English play in which the students acted at the New Years party was a great success.Who is the man？You shook h
4、ands with him just now.Who is the man with whom you shook hands just now?2“介词which”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when，where，why。I shall remember the days in which(when)we studied together forever.我将永远记住我们一起学习的日子。Last year my parents went to the farm on which(where) they worked 30 years ago again.去年我父母又去了
5、他们30年前工作过的那个农场。Is this the reason for which(why)he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗？即时训练2用适当的关系副词取代“介词关系代词”The rain came at a time at which it was not needed.whenIll never forget the village in which I spent my childhood.whereHe didnt give any reason for which I had been fired.why3“介词whose”修饰后面的名词。T
6、his is Mr Wang，in whose factory I worked last year.这就是王先生，我去年在他的工厂工作过。4关系代词前介词的确定方法(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定。This is the man from whom I learned about the news./This is the man whom I learned about the news from.我就是从这个人那儿听到那个消息的。(whom代指the man，介词根据learn.from来确定)(2)根据先行词来确定。In this room，we saw a big tab
7、le on which there were all kinds of fruits.在这个房间里，我们看到一张上面放着各种各样的水果的大桌子。(which代指a big table，介词根据on the table来确定)(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。He lost his glasses，without which，he couldnt see anything.他丢了眼镜，没有它，他什么也看不见。即时训练3用适当的介词填空Hes the boy of whom his parents are both proud.To tell you the truth，the singer for
8、whom you are waiting wont come tonight.As we all know，the age at which children can go to school is seven.名师点津(1)介词提前，关系代词不可省略。(2)介词提前时只能使用“介词which(指事物)”以及“介词whom(指人)”结构，不能使用that，也不能使用who。The person to whom he is speaking is our English teacher.The person(who/whom/that)he is speaking to is our Engli
9、sh teacher.正跟他说话的人是我们的英语老师。(3)若定语从句中的短语是固定搭配，拆开便失去了原来的意义，则介词通常不能前置到关系代词之前。如look for，look after，take care of等。This is the old man whom hes looking after.这就是他正在照顾的老人。(从句中的look after为固定短语，不能拆开)(4)“介词短语关系代词”也可以引导定语从句。He lives in a big house，in front of which stands a big tree.他住在一座大房子里，房前有棵大树。二、关系副词引导的定
10、语从句关系副词先行词含义where表示地点的名词：抽象地点和具体地点“(在)地方”，相当于“介词which”when表示时间的名词“在时候”，相当于“介词which”whyreason“为什么”，相当于for which1.当表示时间的名词，如time、period、age、day、year、moment、month、occasion等作先行词时，如果定语从句缺状语，则用when引导，亦可用“介词which”代替。April 1st is the day when people make fun of others.April 1st is the day on which people ma
11、ke fun of others.4月1日是人们捉弄别人的日子。2当先行词是表示地点的place、factory、room、play、activity、case、point、situation、scene等名词时，若定语从句缺状语，则用where引导，亦可用“介词which”替代。Can you tell me the office where he works?Can you tell me the office in which he works?你能告诉我他上班的办公室吗？3当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，而且从句又缺状语时，则用why引导，也可用“for which”替代。Thi
12、s is the reason why he went away.This is the reason for which he went away.这就是他离开的原因。即时训练4用适当的关系副词填空The next day，my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.The reason why he refused to attend the meeting was that they didnt give him an invitation earlier.As the s
13、mallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.4先行词是way的定语从句way(方式，方法)作先行词，后接定语从句时，若从句引导词在从句中作状语，则引导词用in which或that，引导词也可省略；当引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语时，引导词用which/that。The way(that/in which)he treats his children is very good.他对待孩子的方式非常好。The way which/
14、that you told me yesterday doesnt work.你昨天告诉我的方法不管用。即时训练5完成句子他给我们解释的方法非常简单。The way that/which he explained to us was quite simple.他回答问题的方式令人惊奇。The way (that/in which)he answered the question was surprising.名师点津区别使用关系代词还是关系副词的方法是看他们在定语从句中充当的成分。关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，关系副词充当状语。This is the factory that/which
15、 produces radios.This is the factory where radios are produced.这就是那家生产收音机的工厂。.用关系副词或“介词关系代词”填空1I still remember the day when/on which I was admitted to the key middle school.2Is there a bookstore around where/in which I can buy an EnglishChinese dictionary?3Mr.Carpenter is the person to whom we alwa
16、ys turn for help.4Is this the car in which you came?5We enjoyed the atmosphere where/in which we could talk in a friendly way.6They talked about lots of historical figures，many of whom I didnt know.7The way in which he treated his parents surprised everyone present.8In England there was a time when/
17、at which people had no last names.9The reason why/for which I came here is to get your help.10Art is something about which I know very little.单句改错1That is not the hospital that I stayed last time.thatwhere2Do you know the reason for why he did not come to school？whywhich或去掉for3I am looking forward t
18、o the day which I become independent.whichwhen4The young man whom my brother spoke just now is his workmate.whom前加to5He is the man to who you can turn for help.whowhom6Where did you meet him?It was in the hotel that I was staying.thatwhere7The way which he walks is very interesting.whichthat或which前加in8Internet crime is a subject of which the world might argue for a long time.ofabout9There were dirty marks on her trousers which she had wiped her hands.whichwhere10Can you lend me the book about that you talked the other day？thatwhich
