1、十二Unit 4Extended reading & Project. 根据英汉提示写出单词的适当形式1. As the saying(格言, 谚语) goes, the early bird catches the worm. 2. The tree cast its shadow(阴影, 影子) on the wall. 3. Most of the computers we are using are digital(数码的, 数字的)computers. 4. The external(外面的, 外部的)features of the building are very attract
2、ive. 5. Words cannot describe the beauty(美, 美丽) of the scene. 6. He has been brought in to strengthen(strength) the defence. 7. The young talented (talent)girl is most likely to win the match. 8. Houses in the suburbs often have no individuality(individual). 9. The contents(content) of the letter ar
3、e secret. 10. Coming top in the exam was quite an achievement(achieve). . 用恰当的介词填空1. The heavy cloud of disappointment seemed to hang over the whole proceedings. 2. Sales have not lived up to expectations this year. 3. Students have put forward a series of questions. 4. We all take pride in your suc
4、cess. 5. At last, this was a chance to show off her talents before a real audience. 6. The firewall guards the computer against viruses or other harmful programs. 7. I play the piano tolerably well, though I have no particular talent for it. . 根据提示翻译句子1. 他最终考试没及格。(end up)He ended up failing in the e
5、xam. 2. 我对当前的收入很满意。(content)I am content with my present income. 3. 这场病对他的人生观产生了深刻的影响。(effect)The illness had a profound effect on his view of life. 4. 作为一个学生, 你应该记住学习很重要。(keep. . . in mind)As a student, you should keep in mind that study is very important. 5. 也许这本书会对你的研究有用处。(prove)Perhaps this book
6、 will prove to be of some use to you in your studies. . 阅读理解A(2021鹤岗高一检测)The skin under the eyes is delicate, which is why it sometimes appears sunken and has darker coloring than elsewhere on the face. Aging and health problems play a role in sunken eyes but other factors can contribute too, so it
7、may affect younger people as well. DehydrationThe most common cause of sunken eyes is dehydration, or not having enough water in the body. Consuming too much coffee, soda, and prepackaged drinks may increase production of urine, which may lead to dehydration. Vitamin shortagesShortages of vitamin C,
8、 vitamin K, and iron can cause eyes to become sunken. Vitamin C helps with absorbing iron and decreasing bruising, while vitamin K is responsible for blood thickening, the lack of which may cause unhealthy skin. Easy bruising and unhealthy skin will result in sunken eyes. Weight lossMost people tend
9、 to lose weight in their face first. Sometimes, the weight loss is sudden enough to make blood vessels below the eyes easy to see, and the skin clear, producing the appearance of sunken eyes. Sudden weight loss may also cause nutritional shortages, which can lead to sunken eyes. Not enough sleep or
10、poor-quality sleep can cause sunken eyes and a persons DNA or the habit of smoking can also contribute to sunken eyes. Most cases of sunken eyes relate to the quality of an individuals nutrition and healthy living. When these causes are corrected, sunken eyes can be resolved without further treatmen
11、t. This means that causes can be avoided or treated in good time to prevent the recurrence of sunken eyes. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。眼睛下面的皮肤很娇嫩, 这就是为什么它有时会凹陷, 颜色比脸部其他部位更深。老化和健康问题是造成眼窝凹陷的原因之一, 但其他因素也有影响, 文章主要说明了三个容易造成眼窝凹陷的影响因素。1. What can we do to prevent dehydration according to the text? A. Have certain drinks
12、 less. B. Refuse coffee. C. Drink more water. D. Say no to soft drinks. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中最后一句可知饮用过多的咖啡、苏打水和预包装饮料可能会增加尿液的产生, 从而导致脱水。由此可知, 我们可以少喝某些饮料来防止脱水。故选A。2. What will lead to bruising below the eyes? A. Lack of vitamin K. B. Water shortages. C. Lack of vitamin C. D. Nutritional shortages. 【解析】选
13、C。细节理解题。根据第三段中Vitamin C helps with absorbing iron. . . result in sunken eyes. 可知维生素C有助于吸收铁和减少瘀伤, 而维生素K负责血液变浓, 缺乏它可能会导致不健康的皮肤。容易擦伤和不健康的皮肤会导致眼窝凹陷。由此可知, 缺乏维生素C会导致眼睛下面的瘀青。故选C。3. Which of the following should be avoided for people losing weight? A. Pale faces. B. Sudden weight loss. C. Clean skin. D. Nar
14、row blood vessels. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Most people tend to lose weight. . . which can lead to sunken eyes. 可知大多数人倾向于先在脸上减肥。有时候, 体重突然下降, 眼睛下面的血管容易被看清, 皮肤也会变得透明, 产生眼窝凹陷的现象。体重突然下降还可能造成营养不足, 从而导致眼窝凹陷。由此可知, 减肥的人应该避免体重突然下降。故选B。B(2021枣庄高一检测)You cannot judge a book by looking at its cover! Thats what a grou
15、p of parents and students in Hangzhou has found out this term. When they came to school in September, the students were shocked to learn that their class teacher was to be a P. E. teacher. How could someone who teaches table tennis and basketball know anything about academics? Their parents were equ
16、ally worried and pressured the school to replace “Miss Muscle” with a “Miss Brain”. However, the principal(校长) did not give in to the pressure and now the parents and students are happy that the school firmly insisted. After three months, the P. E. teacher, whose name is actually Miss Su, has turned
17、 out to be a wonderful class teacher. She is intelligent, kind and helpful. She is a good leader who keeps her students active in their studies and participate in school activities. And she has won the parents over with her real caring for their children. In other words, Miss Su, the P. E. teacher,
18、is “pretty extraordinary”. The early negative reaction against Miss Su is an example of bias(偏见). “Bias” is wrong in thinking that has an influence on a persons opinions and decisions. For example, in business, tall men are more likely to be bosses. In the United States, anyone who is above 190 cent
19、imeters tall can expect to have a higher salary and to get more promotions than his shorter co-workers. Similarly, women have a difficult time climbing the career ladder because their bosses(mostly men! ) think that women lack leadership skills and the necessary toughness to make difficult decisions
20、. Neither of these opinions is based on facts or the talents of the individual. Theyre just bias. 【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过讲述杭州某中学的家长对体育老师当班主任态度的转变, 提出了我们不能“以貌取人”, 即不能带着偏见来判断一个人。4. What seemed to be the parents early reaction to Miss Su? A. They were excited. B. They were amazed. C. They were worried.
21、D. They were interested. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段的Their parents were equally worried and pressured the school to replace “Miss Muscle” with a “Miss Brain”. 可知孩子的父母很担心, 并给学校施压, 希望用教文化科目的老师代替教体育的老师。C. They were worried. (他们很担心)符合, 故选C。5. Why is Miss Su considered to be “pretty extraordinary”? A. She is an e
22、xcellent P. E. teacher. B. She was finally removed. C. She really cared about her students. D. The headmaster was proved to be wrong. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的And she has won the parents over with her real caring for their children. In other words, Miss Su, the P. E. teacher, is “pretty extraordinary”. 可知
23、因为苏老师对孩子们的关爱, 家长们认为她是一个卓越的老师。C. She really cared about her students. (她真的关爱她的学生)符合, 故选C。6. The examples are given in the last paragraph to show _. A. tall men are usually excellentB. people are often judged with biasC. opinions should be based on factsD. women lack leadership skills【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后
24、一段的For example, in business, tall men . . . women lack leadership skills and the necessary toughness to make difficult decisions. 可推测这些例子主要是为了说明人们常常受到带有偏见的评判。B. people are often judged with bias (人们常常受到带有偏见的评判)符合, 故选B。7. Whats the authors attitude towards the bias? A. Disagreeable. B. Acceptable. C.
25、 Careless. D. Curious. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段的Neither of these opinions is based on facts or the talents of the individual. Theyre just bias. (这些观点都不是基于事实或个人的天赋, 它们只是偏见)可推测作者不赞成带着偏见判断一个人。A. Disagreeable. (不同意)符合, 故选A。C(2021绵阳高一检测)Teenagers who start the school early are likely to weigh slightly more th
26、an those who start later. Thats the finding of a new study of nearly 30, 000 Canadians between the ages of 10 and 18. Getting too little sleep can put kids at risk for a number of problems. Sleepy teens are more likely to be overweight, to have trouble concentrating and to struggle in school. Genevi
27、eve Gariepy, who works at Mcgill University in Montreal, Canada, wanted to know how earlier school start times might be connected with weight. “Overweight in teenagers is a big problem in North America, ” she says. The number of overweight kids has grown over the past 30 years. So Gariepy decided to
28、 home in on the impact (影响) of school start times. Her team collected start times for 362 Canadian schools. Then they asked students at those schools to give their height and weight. In all, they collected data from nearly 30, 000 10 to 18-year-olds. Among 6th to 10th graders, those who started scho
29、ol earlier were likely to be slightly heavier for their height. Every 10-minute delay in school start time was connected, on average, with a lightly lower weight among students who were the same sex, age and height. However, the difference is slight. Healthy eating and getting enough exercise will p
30、lay a bigger role in keeping a healthy weight. Because the study compared kids who already started school at different times of day, its not clear that changing school start time would help heavier kids lose weight. To know for sure, researchers would want to compare the same kids before and after c
31、hanging to a later school start time. Still, the study is a good start, says Cora Collette Bruener, a doctor at Seattle Childrens Hospital in Washington. The findings add to a growing pile of evidence that later school start time might be better for teen health, she says. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明每天较早上学
32、的青少年可能比晚上学的青少年的体重重一些。上学时间晚一些可能对青少年的健康更好, 因此作者呼吁学校领导更改学校的作息时间表。8. What is the finding of the new study? A. More and more teens are growing overweight. B. Healthy diets and enough exercise help reduce weight. C. Teens who start school earlier are a little overweight. D. Teens who start school earlier
33、do not perform well. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段“Teenagers who start the school early . . . between the ages of 10 and 18. ”可知, 每天较早上学的青少年可能比晚上学的青少年的体重重一些, 这是对近30 000名10至18岁的加拿大人进行研究得出的结果。即新研究发现每天较早上学的青少年可能有些超重。故选C。9. What does the underlined phrase “home in on” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. reduceB. focu
34、s onC. move toD. judge【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Overweight in teenagers is a big problem . . . over the past 30 years. ”和第二段中的“Genevieve Gariepy, who works . . . might be connected with weight. ”可知, 在北美洲青少年超重是一个大问题。在过去30年中, 超重儿童的数量有所增加。Gariepy想要知道较早的上学时间可能与体重有多大的关联。由此可以看出Gariepy想要关注较早的上学时间与体重之间的联系, 即可推断出
35、画线短语的意思是“关注”。focus on: 致力于, 对(某事或做某事)予以注意。故选B。10. What does Cora Collette Bruener think of the study? A. It has inspiring value. B. It lacks further support. C. It needs improving. D. It is well designed. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Still, the study is a good start, . . . might be better for teen health,
36、she says. ”可知, 华盛顿西雅图儿童医院的医生Cora Collette Bruener表示, 这项研究是一个良好的开端。这些发现使越来越多的证据表明晚一些的上学时间可能对青少年的健康更好。因此 Cora Collette Bruener认为这项研究具有启发性的价值。故选A。11. The passage is written to _. A. discuss when schools should startB. inform the finding of a recent studyC. warn parents to take good care of kidsD. call
37、on school leaders to change schools schedules【解析】选D。推理判断题。通读全文可知, 晚一些的上学时间可能对青少年的健康更好。因此作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁学校领导更改学校的时间表。故选D。. 阅读填句The key to losing weight is to understand what really motivates you. Have you ever been excited about losing a few pounds? 1And to help you keep your weight under control, you
38、need some strategies. Ask questions. When youre researching different dieting products and plans or even talking to a doctor about diets, ask as many questions as you can. 2Ask questions like: Do I have to purchase special meals or supplements? Does the program include a part to help me maintain my
39、weight loss? Get real. 3Dont burden yourself with unrealistic expectations. Remember, large amounts of weight loss are not realistic and are most likely not safe or healthy. Talk with your health care professional to determine a healthy weight goal. 4To maintain your weight, you must balance your in
40、take of calories with the energy you burn. Just 30 minutes of fast walking in most days can take about 10 pounds off your weight each year. Weigh yourself weekly. Its important to track your weight on any diet or weight loss plan, but dont get on the scale every day. Weighing daily wont show you the
41、 big picture. 5A. Stay balanced. B. Once a week is fine. C. Stick with your healthy eating plan. D. Losing one to two pounds a week is a realistic goal. E. Being well informed will help you choose the best diet for you. F. Regular weight check-ins will show you your progress over time. G. If so, you
42、 must find a way to turn that excitement into determination. 【文章大意】本文讲述了关于帮助减肥的一些建议和方法。1. 【解析】选G。 上文讲“你曾经为减去几磅而兴奋吗? ”, 下文讲“帮助你控制体重”, 所以G项“如果是这样, 你必须找到一种方法把兴奋转换成决心”承接上下文。G项中的“excitement”与上文的“excited”相呼应。2. 【解析】选E。 根据后文Do I have to. . . ? 的问题可知, 这些问题是对自己的提问, 表示是否了解自己, 而E项Being well informed will help
43、you choose the best diet for you. 就是对这些问题的总括, 意思为“很好地了解自己有利于选择一个适合自己减肥的方法”, 故选E。3. 【解析】选D。 根据后文Dont burden . . . 可知, 不要让自己局限于不现实的期望中, 要有切合实际的目标, 而D项Losing one to two pounds a week is a realistic goal. 很好地阐明了这一点, 故选D。4. 【解析】选A。 根据后文To maintain your weight, . . . 可知, 要保持体重就要做到摄入的热量和燃烧的热量的平衡, 而A项Stay b
44、alanced就是对此的总述, 故选A。5. 【解析】选B。 根据前一句Weighing daily wont show you the big picture. 可知, 不用天天称体重, 而B项“一周一次就好”紧接上文, 故选B。. 语法填空The consequences without eating a balanced diet may be much more serious than we thought. A major study 1. _(suggest) it contributes to one in five deaths worldwide has been publ
45、ished in The Lancet recently. About 11 million deaths every year may have been prevented by taking in fewer red meat, sugary drinks and fats. The seven-year study 2. _(look) at dietary factors from 1990 to 2018 in 195 3. _(country) and found that people were eating too many of the wrong types of foo
46、d, and too little of the food 4. _(they) bodies needed. And that may be 5. _important reason for a range of diseases. “This study says that poor diet is responsible 6. _ more deaths than any other risk factor”, study author Christopher Murray noted in a release. “7. _sodium(钠), sugar and fat have be
47、en the focus of debates over the past two decades, our study 8. _(official) suggests that the leading dietary risk factor is the low intake of healthy food. ”The result underlines that the current food education campaigns arent quite 9. _(effect). The finding shows that necessary measures should be
48、taken urgently 10. _(balance) peoples diets around the world. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不均衡饮食的严重后果。1. 【解析】suggesting。考查非谓语动词。句意: 最近, 一项表明它会造成世界上五分之一人口死亡的主要研究已经发表在柳叶刀上。分析句子, 句子的谓语是has been published, 所以suggest要用非谓语动词形式, 逻辑主语study与suggest之间是主动关系, 故填suggesting。2. 【解析】looked。考查动词时态。分析句子, look和found是这个句子的并列谓语,
49、found用的过去时态, 故填looked。3. 【解析】countries。 考查名词复数。country是可数名词, 前面有195修饰, 故填countries。4. 【解析】their。考查形容词性物主代词。句意: 这项七年的研究着眼于1990年到2018年, 195个国家的饮食因素, 而且发现人们吃了太多错误种类的食物, 太少身体需要的食物。分析句子可知_ bodies needed是省略了连接词的定语从句, 空白处是形容词作定语, they的形容词性物主代词是their, 故填their。5. 【解析】an。考查不定冠词。分析句子可知, reason是可数名词单数形式, import
50、ant的发音是以元音音素开头, 故用不定冠词an。6. 【解析】for。考查介词。句意: 这项研究指出不健康的饮食比任何其他风险因素都更能造成死亡。be responsible for意为“对负责”, 故填for。7. 【解析】Although/Though。 考查连词。句意: 虽然钠、糖和脂肪在过去的20年一直是争论的焦点, 但是我们的研究官方地指出饮食风险的主导因素是健康食物的低摄入。根据句意, 前后为“虽然但是”的关系, 故填Although/Though。8. 【解析】officially。考查副词。suggests是动词, 应该用副词修饰, official的副词是officially, 故填officially。9. 【解析】effective。考查形容词。句意: 结果表明现行的食品教育运动不是非常有效。分析句子, 应该是形容词作are的表语, effect的形容词为effective, 故填effective。10. 【解析】to balance。考查非谓语动词。句意: 研究结果表明, 在世界范围内应该迅速采取必要的措施来平衡人们的饮食。分析句子可知此处表目的, 用to do, 故填to balance。