1、Meng Haoran (689 or 691740, during the Tang Dynasty) was a major Tang Dynasty poet, and a somewhatolder contemporary of Wang Wei, Li Bai and Du Fu.He had a rather short civil service career, passing the JinshiCivil Service Test, beginning at the late age of 39 and ending not much later. He received
2、his first and last position three years before his death, but resigned after less than a year. He lived in the Xiangyang area almost all his life (although he traveled to the major city of Changan, where he was entertained by Wang Wei in 728). The landscape, history and legends of his home area were
3、 the subjects of many poems.Meng Haoran was a major influence on other contemporaryand following poets of the High Tang era because of his focus on nature as a main topic of poetry. Meng Haoran was also oneof the important poets in the Qing Dynasty poetry anthology(选集) the Three Hundred Tang Poems,
4、having the fifth largest number of his poems included, for a total of fifteen, beaten only by Du Fu, Li Bai, Wang Wei, and Li Shangyin. The Three Hundred Tang Poems also has two poems by Li Bai addressed to Meng Haoran, one in his praise and one written in farewell (告别) on the occasion of their part
5、ing company. Meng Haoran was also influential in Japanese poetry.Section_Warming Up & Reading Prereading A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMSThere are various reasons why people write poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression. Others
6、try to convey certain emotions. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. In this text, however, we will look at a few of the simpler forms.Some of the first poetry a young child learns in English is nursery rhymes. These rhymes like the one on the right (A) are still a common
7、type of childrens poetry. The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory， but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rh
8、ymes, children learn about language.AHush， little baby, dont say a word，Papas going to buy you a mockingbird.If that mockingbird wont sing，Papas going to buy you a diamond ring.If that diamond ring turns to brass，Papas going to buy you a lookingglass.If that lookingglass gets broke，Papas going to bu
9、y you a billygoat.If that billygoat runs away，Papas going to buy you another today.Some simple poems are like B and C that list things. List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme (like B) while others do not (like C). BI
10、 saw a fishpond all on fireI saw a fishpond all on fire，I saw a house bow to a squire，I saw a person twelvefeet high，I saw a cottage in the sky，I saw a balloon made of lead，I saw a coffin drop down dead，I saw two sparrows run a race，I saw two horses making lace，I saw a girl just like a cat，I saw a k
11、itten wear a hat，I saw a man who saw these too，And said though strange they all were true.COur first football matchWe would have won .if Jack had scored that goal，if wed had just a few more minutes，if we had trained harder，if Ben had passed the ball to Joe，if wed had thousands of fans screaming，if I
12、 hadnt taken my eye off the ball，if we hadnt stayed up so late the night before，if we hadnt taken it easy，if we hadnt run out of energy.We would have won .if wed been better!Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain， a poem made up of five lines. With these, students
13、 can convey a strong picture in just a few words. Look at the examples (D and E) on the top of the next page.DBrotherBeautiful, athleticTeasing， shouting, laughingFriend and enemy tooMineESummerSleepy, saltyDrying, drooping， dreadingWeek in, week outEndlessFA fallen blossomIs coming back to the bran
14、ch.Look, a butterfly!(by Moritake)GSnow having melted，The whole village is brimfulOf happy children.(by Issa)Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables. It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is easy to write and, like the
15、 cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using the minimum of words. The two haiku poems (F and G) above are translations from the Japanese.Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry Tang poems from China in particular？ A lot of Tang poetry has
16、been translated into English. This Tang poem (H) is a translation from the Chinese.HWhere she awaits her husbandOn and on the river flows.Never looking back，Transformed into stone.Day by day upon the mountain top，wind and rain revolve.Should the traveller return，this stone would utter speech.(by Wan
17、g Jian)With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own. It is easier than you might think and certainly worth a try！why引导定语从句，修饰先行词various reasons。关系副词在从句中作原因状语。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a way。关系代词that在从句中作主语。convey/knveI/vt.传达；运送emotion/Imn/n.情感
18、；情绪；感情a young child learns in English是定语从句，修饰先行词the first poetry。关系代词that在从句中作宾语，被省略了。nursery rhyme 童谣nursery/nsrI/n.托儿所concrete/kkrit/adj.具体的repetition/repItIn/n.重复；反复；循环contradictory/kntrdIktrI/adj.引起矛盾的；好反驳的hush/h/vi.& vt.(使某人)安静下来mockingbird/mkIbd/n.嘲鸫(一种鸟，能模仿其他鸟的叫声)diamond/daImnd/n.钻石；菱形turn to
19、 (使)变成；(使)转向brass/brs/n.黄铜；黄铜器billygoat/bIlI t/n.公山羊run away跑掉flexible/fleksbl/adj.灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的pattern/ptn/n.模式；式样；图案while“而；然而”，此处是并列连词，表示对比。on fire “在燃烧；在着火”，表示状态。“see sb./sth.介词短语”“看见某人/某物”，此诗中使用了多种形式作动词see的宾补。bow to sb.向某人鞠躬；屈服于某人squire/skwaI/n.乡绅cottage/ktId/n.村舍；小屋coffin/kfIn/n.棺材sparrow/spr/n
20、.麻雀make lace 绣花包kitten/kItn/n.小猫本段中的if从句均是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，主句是We would have won .。if从句用had done结构，主句用should/would/could/mighthave done结构。stay up late 熬夜take it easy 轻松；不紧张；从容run out of (use up) 用完cinquain/sIkeIn/n.五行诗be made up of 由构成过去分词短语made up of five lines作后置定语，修饰a poem。tease/tiz/vi.& vt.取笑；招惹；戏弄s
21、alty/sltI/adj.含盐的；咸的droop/drup/vi.低垂；凋萎；萎靡dread/dred/vi.&vt.害怕；畏惧endless/endlIs/adj.无穷的；无止境的branch/brnt/n.枝条；支流；部门melt/melt/vi.融化；软化brimful/brImfl/adj.盈满的；满到边际的haiku/haIku/n.俳句syllable/sIlbl/n.音节be popular with 受欢迎minimum/mInImm/n.最低限度；最少量；最小数translation/trnzleIn/n.翻译；译文in particular 尤其；特别(particula
22、rly)await/weIt/vt.等候；期待where在句中引导地点状语从句，on and on被提前表示强调。transform/trnsfm/vi.& vt.转化；转换；改造；变换(与into连用)day by day“日复一日，日渐”，强调情况逐渐变化。revolve/rIvlv/vi.& vt.(使)旋转utter/t/vt.说；讲；发出(声音)Should .用了与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。从句中省略了if, should提前，构成倒装。eventually/IventlI/adv.最后；终于of ones own 某人自己的几首形式简单的英文诗人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。有些诗通过
23、讲述一个故事或者描写某个事物给读者以深刻的印象。而有些(诗)则试图传达某种感情。诗人用许多不同形式的诗来表达自己的情感。然而，在本文中，我们将研究几种形式比较简单的诗。幼儿最早学习的英文诗是童谣。像右边的这首童谣(A)至今仍然是一种常见的儿童诗的类型。童谣的语言具体但富有想象力，而且它们(这些童谣)能使孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵、节奏感强，并有较多重复。童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至(有的)看起来自相矛盾，但是它们容易学，也容易背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。A小宝宝，别说话，爸爸给你买嘲鸫。小嘲鸫，不会唱，爸爸给你买钻戒。钻石戒，变成铜，爸爸给你买镜子。小镜子，打破了，爸爸给你买山羊
24、。小山羊，跑掉了，爸爸今天再买只。有一些简单的诗是像(B)和(C)这样列举事物的。清单诗可长可短较为灵活且有重复的短语，这就形成了这种诗的固定句型和节奏。有些(清单诗)押韵(如B)，而有些不押韵(如C)。B我看到鱼塘在燃烧我看到鱼塘在燃烧，我看到房子向地主哈腰，我看到人有12英尺高，我看到茅屋在天郊，我看到气球用铅造，我看到棺材把死人抛，我看到两只麻雀在赛跑，我看到两匹马儿绣花包，我看到姑娘像只猫，我看到小猫戴花帽，我看到有人在一旁瞄，虽奇怪，但也把实情报。C我们的第一场足球赛我们本来会夺冠如果杰克踢进了那个球，如果我们还有几分钟，如果我们训练得更刻苦，如果本把球传给了乔，如果有大批球迷助威，
25、如果我死死盯住球，如果我们前晚不熬夜，如果我们没有放松警惕，如果我们没有精疲力竭。我们本来会夺冠如果我们能做得更好！另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫作五行诗。用五行诗，学生可以用少量的词语传递一幅生动的画面。请看下一页上端的两个例子(D和E)。D兄弟帅气，健壮爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑是我的朋友也是我的敌人E夏天困乏，咸涩干涸，枯萎，恐怖周而复始永无止境F落下的花朵回到了树枝上。瞧啊，是只蝴蝶！(荒木田守武)G雪儿融化了。整个村庄到处是欢乐的儿童。(小林一茶)俳句诗是一种日本诗，它由17个音节组成。它不是英语诗歌的传统形式，但是在用英语诗人中间，这种诗也很流行。它容易写就像五行诗一样，它可
26、以用最少的词语呈现出一幅清晰的画面，表达出一种特殊的感情。上面两首俳句诗(F和G)就是从日文翻译过来的。你知道吗？说英语的人也喜欢其他类型的亚洲诗尤其是中国的唐诗。许多唐诗已经被翻译成英文了。这首唐诗(H)就是从中文翻译过来的。H王建望夫处，江悠悠，化为石，不回头！山头日日风复雨，行人归来石应语。有这么多不同的诗歌类型可选，学生们最终也许想自己作诗了。写诗可能比你认为的要容易，当然值得一试！PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1emotion Aplace where young children are ca
27、red for, usually while their parents are at work, etc.2tease Bstrong feeling of any kind3nursery Ctake sb./sth.; transmit sb./sth.；make ideas, feelings, etc. known to another person 4cottage Dmake fun of sb. in an unkind way5convey Ea small simple house, esp. in the country6pattern Fthat can bend ea
28、sily without breaking7flexible Gdefinite and specific8concrete Hthe regular way in which sth. happens or is done9eventually Ito change the form of sth.10transform Jat the end of period of time or a series of events15_610_答案：15BDAEC610HFGJILeadin1Look at the pictures and match the poets with the righ
29、t dynasties or countries they belong to.AEngland BTang Dynasty CSong DynastyDRussia EChina FGermany答案：(1)(6)EBCDAF2Please match each poem with its themes.(1)枫桥夜泊(唐张继)Ato show the poets determination to fight to the end(2)赠汪伦 (唐李白) Bto tell readers to value love(3)回乡偶书(唐贺知章) Cto tell a story of an ol
30、d man coming home which he left long ago(4)相思(唐王维) Dto describe friendship(5)过零丁洋(宋文天祥) Eto convey (show) the poets feeling of homesickness(6)静夜思(唐李白) Fto describe a night scene(1)(6)_答案：(1)(6)FDCBAEWhilereadingFastreadingFirst look at the title and the picture of the passage, and then skim the firs
31、t sentence of each paragraph and finish the following questions.1What is the main idea of the reading passage？(no more than 20 words)The_text_is_mainly_about_the_characteristics_of_five_forms_of_English_poems_and_examples_of_these_poems.2There are five kinds of poems talked about in the passage.What
32、 are they？(no more than 10 words)Nursery rhymes, List poems, The cinquain, The haiku, Tang poems.CarefulreadingRead the text and choose the best answers.1Poem A is about _.Aa father is going to buy his baby a billygoatBa father is going to buy his baby a mockingbirdCa father shows his love for his b
33、abyDa father is going to buy his baby a diamond ring2Which two poems have rhyming lines?APoems A andBPoems C and D.CPoems E and F. DPoems G and H.3Which poems give you clear pictures in your mind?APoems A and C. BPoems F and G.CPoems B and D. DPoems E and H.4The reason why the players in Poem C lost
34、 the game is that _.Athey stayed up too late the night beforeBthey didnt have thousands of fans screamingCthey ran out of energyDthey didnt play well enough答案：14CABD StudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will gi
35、ve the reader a strong impression.句式分析本句是主从复合句。that在句中引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，从句修饰先行词a way。尝试翻译有些诗通过讲述一个故事或者描写某个事物给读者以深刻的印象。2The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition.句式分析这是and连接的并列句。在and后的分句中，主句谓语动词是delight; beca
36、use引导原因状语从句，从句谓语由两个并列的动词rhyme和have构成。尝试翻译这种语言具体但富有想象力，而且它们(这些童谣)能使孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵、节奏感强，并有较多重复。3Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines.句式分析尝试翻译另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫作五行诗。4With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may
37、 eventually want to write poems of their own.句式分析句中With so many different forms of poetry to choose from为with复合结构。宾语为so many different forms of poetry，宾补为不定式to choose from。尝试翻译有这么多不同的诗歌类型可选，学生们最终也许想自己作诗了。.阅读理解AHave you ever listened to the sound of a raindrop? You might call the small sounds earth s
38、ongs. Is it possible to catch earth songs, to put them into words?Long ago, poets in Japan listened, watched, and did catch the beauty of the earths songs. They did this with the tiniest poems in the world, called haiku. A haiku is a poem that is just three lines and seventeen syllables long. And th
39、e poets who wrote them watched and listened, not only with their eyes and ears, but also with their hearts!In their haiku, the early Japanese poets caught the colors, sounds, and beauties of the seasons of the year. They sang of their islands beauties. Their miniature poems were not meant to fully d
40、escribe a scene or to explain it but rather were a flash impression.The old poets are not the only writers of haiku. Today Japanese farmers, shopkeepers, grandparents, and students write it, and because of its strong appeal, haiku is written in many other countries throughout the world.Interestingly
41、 enough, Japanese poetry has had a long and colorful history. In the prehaiku period in the early eighth century, Japanese poets wrote katauta, poems in a questionandanswer form, using two people. Each threeline verse (诗节) contained about seventeen syllables that could be delivered easily in one bre
42、ath just as one would naturally ask or answer a question. This has remained the basic pattern for traditional Japanese poetry throughout the centuries.Another form that appeared was the tanka, which contained five lines and thirtyone syllables (57577), written by either one or two persons. From that
43、 evolved (发展) the renga, which contained more than one verse, or link. Written by three or more people, it could have as many as 100 links! The first verse of the renga introduced a subject. It had three lines and was called the hokku, or starting verse. Renga parties became a great pleasure.Around
44、1450, haikai no renga became popular. This style of linked verse contained puns (双关) and was humorous and amusing. The opening three lines were still called a hokku, and from haikai and hokku the term haiku evolved.1What does the underlined word “miniature” in Paragraph 3 mean?AEasy.BLittle.CDetaile
45、d. DSelected.解析：选B词义猜测题。由第二段中的“the tiniest poems”和“A haiku is a poem that is just three lines and seventeen syllables long.”以及画线词下文中的“a flash impression”可知，haiku是一种微型诗。2We know from the text that katauta _.Awas humorous and amusingBcontained thirtyone syllablesCcould have as many as 100 linksDwas wr
46、itten in a questionandanswer form解析：选D细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“Japanese poets wrote katauta, poems in a questionandanswer form”可知，katauta是一种问答形式的诗。3Information in this text would be of most value to readers who want to _.Ateach how to write haikuBresearch the history of haikuCcompare Japanese and American poe
47、tryDfind suggestions about hosting a renga party解析：选B推理判断题。文章主要介绍了日本三行俳句诗的历史，故对想要研究俳句诗历史的读者有重要价值。BNo poem should ever be discussed or “analyzed”， until it has been read aloud by someone, a teacher or a student. Better still, perhaps, is the practice of reading it twice, once at the beginning of the
48、discussion and once at the end, so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it.All discussions of poetry are, in fact, preparations for reading it aloud, and the reading of the poem is, eventually, the most concrete “interpretation (解释)” of it, suggesting tone, rhymes, and meaning all at
49、 once. Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice, on records or on films, is obviously a special reward. But even those aids to teaching cannot replace the student and the teacher reading it or, best of all, reciting it.I have come to think, in fact, that time spent reading a poem aloud i
50、s much more important than “analyzing” it and “exchanging of views”， if there isnt time for both. I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry and take it easy when we are reading a poem. Poetry is “a criticism of life”， and “a heightening (提升) of life”. It is “a m
51、ost appropriate approach to the truth of feeling”， and it “can transform your life”. It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature (文学) more central than it presently occupies.I am not saying that every English teacher must try out poetryteaching. Those who dont like it should
52、not be forced to convey that negative feeling to anyone else. But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature, about its sound as well as its sense, and they must make_room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.语篇解读：诗歌是一种艺术形式，那么怎样去鉴赏
53、和学习诗歌呢？通读本文之后，你可能会有所收获。4To have a better understanding of a poem, one should _.Adiscuss it with othersBanalyze it by oneselfCcopy it down in a notebookDpractise reading it aloud解析：选D细节理解题。根据文章第一段的内容特别是第一句话“No poem should ever be discussed or analyzed， until it has been read aloud by someone, a teach
54、er or a student.”可知答案选D。5According to the writer, one of the purposes of teaching English is to get students _.Ato understand lifeBto enjoy poetryCto become teachersDto become poets解析：选B细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句话“I think one of our . students love poetry and take it easy when we are reading a poem.”可知选B。6Wha
55、t does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?AMore stress (强调) should be laid on the teaching of poetry.BPoetry is more important than any other literature genre.COne cannot enjoy life fully without a good understanding of poetry.DPoetry is the foundation of all language and literature cour
56、ses.解析：选A句意理解题。第三段主要讲述了要欣赏诗歌以及诗歌对生活的重大影响，因此在教学中应当重视诗歌教学。7The underlined phrase “make room” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by “_”Abuild a boothBprovide equipmentCleave a certain amount of timeDset aside enough space解析：选C词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句话“I have come to think . exchanging of views， if ther
57、e isnt time for both.”及最后一段中的“in the classroom for hearing poetry”可知选C。CThree comediansJerry SeinfeldMy friend just had a baby. There is so much pressure to see this baby. Every time I talk to them, they say, “You have got to see the baby. When are you coming over to see the baby？”Whats tough about
58、seeing people when they have a new baby is that you have to try and match their level of enthusiasm. Theyre always so excited.Just once I would like to meet a couple that goes, “You know, were not that happy with him, honestly. I think we really made a mistake. We should have gotten an aquarium (水族箱
59、). You want him? Weve really had enough.”Bill CosbyA baseball manager has learned a lot about his job from having played the game, but a parent has not learned a thing from having once been a child. What can you learn about a business in which the childs favorite reply is “I dont know”？A father ente
60、rs his sons room and sees that the boy is missing his hair.“What happened to your head？” the father says. “Did you get a haircut？”“I dont know，” the boy replies.“You dont know if you got a haircut? Well, tell me this：Was your head with you all day？”“I dont know，” says the boy.Ray RomanoMy first enco
61、unter (相遇) with a twoyearold came after I had gotten married and become an uncle to my wifes nephew.Until that day I wasnt really informed about twoyearolds. Id read about them, and occasionally Id see documentaries (纪录片) on the Discovery Channel showing twoyearolds in the wild, where they belong.Bu
62、t my new nephew was the first one I had seen up close. And let me tell you：If youre ever out on a safari (狩猎远征) and come across one like this, stay in the Jeep.My wife hates it when I start talking about him like this.“Hes your nephew. You should love him.”Im not saying I dont love him. I just dont
63、want him in my house.Why cant I love him from afar? Thats how I want to love him through pictures.8What does Jerry Seinfeld mainly want to express?AHe wishes he had his own baby.BYou should love someone elses baby.CIts hard to get excited about someone elses new baby.DRaising a baby is more difficul
64、t than most people think.解析：选C推理判断题。由Jerry Seinfeld部分第二段中的“Whats tough about seeing people when they have a . level of enthusiasm.”可知，人们很难对别人刚出生的宝宝表现出与其父母同等程度的喜爱和热情。9We can infer from Bill Cosbys words that _.Athe boy in the story is not cleverBteenage boys dont like to get haircutsCchildren often d
65、ont communicate with their parentsDparents dont learn much from their growing experiences解析：选C推理判断题。由Bill Cosby部分中的描述可知，孩子们经常不好好与父母交流。10What is Ray Romanos main point?AHe loves his nephew deeply.BHe likes taking pictures of his nephew.CHe and his wife often argue about children.DHe thinks young chil
66、dren are like wild animals.解析：选D推理判断题。由Ray Romano部分中的“Discovery Channel showing twoyearolds in the wild, where they belong”和“If youre ever out on a safari and come .”可知，Ray Romano认为小孩子就像野生动物一样淘气，他只想离他们远远的。.阅读七选五_1_ You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so, howev
67、er. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Heres how：Plan your time carefully. When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then
68、decide a good, regular time for studying. _2_ A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you realize what is happening to your time.Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room,
69、 free of everything but study materials. No games, radios, or television. When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.Make good use of your time in class. _3_ Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.Study regularly. Whe
70、n you get home from school, go over your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day, and read that material. _4_ If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and youll remember it longer.Develop a good attitude toward tests. T
71、he purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world wont end if you dont pass a test, so dont be over worried._5_ You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.ATake advantage of class time to listen to every
72、thing the teacher says.BThere are other methods that might help you with your studying.CDont forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.DNo one can become a top student unless he or she works hard.EThis will help you understand the next class.FMake full use of class time to take notes of what
73、 the teacher says in class.GMaybe you are an average student.1选G根据第一空后一句You probably think you will never be a top student(也许你认为你永远不可能成为优秀生)可推断，第一空选G项(也许你是学习成绩一般的学生)。2选C本段主要是关于时间的分配，包括吃饭、睡觉、学习时间分配，当然也不能忘记娱乐的时间。故选C项。3选A根据本段第一句Make good use of your time in class (要充分利用上课时间)可知，选A项最合适。4选E第四空前一句When you get home from school, go over . the next day, and read that material.讲述复习和预习的重要性。E项意为“这有助于你理解下一节课内容”。故选E项。5选B根据下一句You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.可知，还有许多其他的学习方法。故选B项。