1、十五Unit 5Developing ideas. 单句语法填空1. The increase slowed to 0. 4 percent, possibly indicating (indicate) the start of a downtrend. 2. She gets involved with a team to create something amazing (amaze). 3. The report should serve as a warning (warn) to other potential buyers. 4. Some plants pump out sme
2、lly chemicals (chemical) to keep insects away. 5. Of the six people injured (injure) in the crash, only two survived. 6. More surprisingly (surprise), the workers seem remarkably cheery about the ever longer hours. 7. Exposure to ultraviolet light is closely linked to skin cancer. 8. During the race
3、 Mr Taylor talks to the driver using (use) a headset. 9. In the west, people make it a rule to send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends. 10. Some claim that setting off firecrackers is a good practice of celebrating the Spring Festival. But others put forth opposite views on the proble
4、m. . 完成句子1. With time going by (随着时间的流逝), I gradually adapted myself to the school life. 2. It has been known that(众所周知) areas of childrens brains can grow when they learn music or a language. 3. Would you like to share your experience with(与分享你的经验) the rest of the group? 4. The basic design of the
5、car is very similar to(非常类似) that of earlier models. 5. While I am willing to help(虽然我很乐意帮忙), I do not have much time available. 6. A sense of humor is one of the ways in which we relax and recreate ourselves. 幽默感是我们放松和娱乐的途径之一。7. Some people are so terribly insincere that you can never tell if they
6、are telling the truth. 有些人非常虚伪, 你根本说不准他们是否在讲实话。8. The novel is about a family who cant communicate with each other. 这部小说讲的是一个不能相互交流的家庭。9. It appears that what I said is untrue, but I did not knowingly lie to you. 看来我之前说的是错的, 但是我并非故意向你撒谎。10. We should put aside our differences and discuss the things
7、we have in common. 我们应当抛开分歧, 讨论一下我们的共同点。阅读理解ASome caterpillars warning signals (信号) may have evolved (进化) from walking. A team, writing in the journal Nature Communications, reported that the hair-like structures the living things use to make sounds evolved from legs. The team studied caterpillars w
8、hich use these structures to communicate their ownership of leaves. This means the caterpillars are able to “tell” strangers to go away without risking injury in fighting. “These are really interesting caterpillars, ” said Dr. Jayne Yack from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, who led the resear
9、ch. “They make signals using hair-like structures which are on their back ends. ”The caterpillars drag these structures across the leaf to make scraping (刺耳的) sounds when strangers enter the area of their leaves. “When they make this signal, the strangers leave, ” explained Dr. Yack. “Its like sayin
10、g Im here, get out of here I already own this leaf. ”The scientists looked at other species (物种) within the same group of caterpillars and created their “family tree”. They used chemical markers (标记物) to work out the relationship between the animals, showing which in the group were the more ancient
11、species and which species evolved more recently. “Those more ancient species actually dont have these sound-producing structures. They have legs that they use to walk towards strangers, ” said Dr. Yack. These more ancient species, she explained, walk towards strangers and try to fight against them.
12、“They can kill each other in the fighting, ” Dr. Yack added. She said that the evolution of the scraping show had allowed the caterpillars to solve their fighting without injury. “So our idea is that these signals actually avoid harm to both sides they solve fighting in a more friendly way. ”The stu
13、dy also provides a map of an evolutionary process that many other biologists are researching. 【文章大意】本文是科普类说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究, 研究表明一些毛毛虫的警告信号是从步行进化而来的。1. What can we learn about caterpillars warning structures from the text? A. They have the same use as hair. B. They are found in caterpillars heads. C.
14、They are used to fight against strangers. D. They may have evolved from caterpillars legs. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段的A team, writing in the journal Nature Communications, reported that the hair-like structures the living things use to make sounds evolved from legs. (在自然通讯杂志上发表文章的一个研究小组报告说, 这些生物用来制造声音的毛发状结构
15、是从腿上进化而来的)可知, 它们可能是由毛毛虫的腿进化而来的。故选D。2. According to the text, Dr. Yacks team did NOT _. A. draw a family tree of caterpillarsB. create a map to show how caterpillars evolveC. study species within the same group of caterpillarsD. make clear the relationship between different species of caterpillars【解析
16、】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段的The study also provides a map of an evolutionary process that many other biologists are researching. (这项研究还提供了一个许多其他生物学家正在研究的进化过程的地图)可知, Yack博士的团队没有创建一张地图来展示毛毛虫是如何进化的。故选B。3. What does the underlined word “They” in the fifth paragraph refer to? A. The ancient species. B. The chemical
17、 markers. C. The sound-producing structures. D. The more recently evolved species. 【解析】选A。代词指代题。根据上文Those more ancient species actually dont have these sound-producing structures. (那些更古老的物种实际上没有这些产生声音的结构), 可知, 画线部分的意思是: 它们有用来走向陌生人的腿, 因此推断They指代“那些古老的物种”。故选A。4. What is the main idea of the text? A. H
18、ow caterpillars evolved. B. How caterpillars warn strangers. C. Communication between caterpillars. D. Caterpillars warning signals evolved from walking. 【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的Some caterpillars warning signals may have evolved from walking. (一些毛毛虫的警告信号可能是从行走中进化出来的)以及下文对这个结论的研究的介绍可知, 文章主要讲述的是毛毛虫的警告信号是
19、从步行进化而来的。故选D。B(2021杭州高二检测)The human body is designed to move. But modern lifestyles and office jobs rarely give us the chance to move around. As we know, were sitting while were eating; we sit in the car and we sit while we watch TV. And many of us sit for many hours at work. New research shows that
20、 sitting less than three hours a day might extend your life by two years. Peter Katzmarzyk, a scientist at the University of Louisiana in the southern United States, says that sitting is ubiquitous in our lives, meaning it is something we do all the time, everywhere. However, Mr Katzmarzyk says that
21、 does not mean you can sit for the rest of your waking hours. He also says you may exercise often, “We cant throw away physical activity. Its extremely important. We have 60 years of research showing us that. ”Mr Katzmarzyk and his colleagues are part of a new generation of researchers studying how
22、sitting all day affects length of life. “Studies that have assessed the relationship between sitting and mortality (死亡率) or television viewing and mortality are very rare. Theres only been a few of them, actually five or six now, in the last four or five years. ” They found that cutting television t
23、ime to less than two hours a day could add one point four years to life. Luckily, change is already coming to some offices, especially in the design of desks. A “standing desk” lets people stand while they work. Another new design is called the “treadmill desk”. A treadmill is an exercise machine th
24、at lets you walk in one place. Even some U. S. schools are beginning to experiment with desks that are part bicycle to keep children moving. Thats one of the strategies that many companies are using now. Mr Katzmarzyk also says studying this problem has inspired his team to make a few changes in the
25、ir own lives. 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了现在的人们坐着的时间普遍较长, Mr Katzmarzyk和他的团队的研究坐一整天对人们生活的影响, 人们因此也在探索在工作和学习中如何改变久坐的方式。5. The underlined word “ubiquitous” is closest in meaning to _. A. dangerousB. impressiveC. comfortableD. common【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据文中“. . . meaning it is something we do all the time, everywhere
26、. ”可知我们几乎每时每刻都在坐着, 因此该词的意思是“通常的 ”, 所以选D。6. Which view agrees with the opinion of Mr Katzmarzyk? A. Sitting long may help people live longer. B. Exercise is important and dont sit too long. C. People are unaware of the harm of sitting too long. D. Stopping watching TV is a necessary but hard task. 【解
27、析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He also says you may exercise often, We cant throw away physical activity. Its extremely important. ”可知选项B的内容: 锻炼是重要的, 不要久坐, 与之相符。故选B。7. What does Mr Katzmarzyk think of his study in Paragraph 4? A. Its been ignored by many scientists. B. Its a study that begins too late. C. Its a
28、n entirely new area of study. D. Its been a hot subject for scientists. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段中“Theres only been a few of them, actually five or six now, in the last four or five years. ”, 可知关于这一方面的研究还不多, 只是近四五年来才开始研究, 它被许多科学家忽视了, 选A。8. Why are the desks of all kinds designed for those who sit more? A.
29、To give them more comfort. B. To improve their work efficiency. C. To offer them the chance to exercise. D. To seek pleasure while working. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第五段可知各种办公桌是专门为了那些一天到晚都坐着工作的人而设计的, 是为他们提供锻炼的机会, 选C。. 阅读理解(2020潮州高二检测)If you find yourself hitting the snooze button(闹钟延时按钮) every morning, dont bl
30、ame yourself. Your work schedule could be to blame. Research now shows that, for many of us, our work schedules dont go with our natural body clocksand experts are urging employers to take notice. Sleep is a “strategic resource” that most companies are ignoring. When work schedules are aligned with
31、peoples natural sleep patterns, they produce higher quality and more innovative work because they are more focused, less stressed and generally healthier. The opposite is also truewhen employees are not getting enough sleep they are more likely to make major mistakes and suffer from workplace injuri
32、es. But its not just about the amount of sleep you get. Its important that people recognize every living thing, from primitive bacteria to human beings, has a biologically determined internal body clock. This determines whether you are a night owl(夜猫子), an early bird or somewhere in the middle. We d
33、ont have any choice. “Its like feet, ” said Till Roenneberg, a professor of chronobiology(生物钟学). “Some people are born with big feet and some with small feet, but most people are somewhere in the middle. ”Many companies start the workday at 8 a. m. or 9 a. m. , putting their work schedules in disagr
34、eement with their employees body clock. This mismatch, along with the pressure to be productive and be available to respond to email or take calls at all hours of the day and night, means that many people suffer from what is called “social jet lag” . 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 早晨人们总是无法起床, 这是因为你的生物钟和工作时间不一致, 当二
35、者一致的时候有利于工作生活, 不一致的时候就会带来很多问题。1. The underlined word “aligned” in Paragraph 2 means “_”. A. matchedB. cooperatedC. conflictedD. shortened【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据本句后半句叙述可知, 人们生产质量更高也更有创新性, 更加专注, 压力更少, 也更健康了。只有工作安排和自然的睡眠模式一致的时候才会产生积极的影响, 故“aligned”意为“相配”, 故A项正确。2. What does Till Roennebergs remark mean? A. The
36、 amount of sleep you get counts much. B. An early bird does better than a night owl. C. We are born to have a body clock. D. Most people have neither too big nor too small feet. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“Its like feet, ” said Till Roenneberg, a professor of chronobiology. “Some people are born with big
37、 feet and some with small feet, but most people are somewhere in the middle. ”可知这位生物钟学教授认为人的生物钟和人的脚一样, 都是生来就拥有的。故C项正确。3. If people suffer from “social jet lag”, they will _. A. not be as clever as other peopleB. fail to finish their daily tasksC. fail to adjust their body clockD. act as if they were
38、 in the wrong time zone【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一句可知当工作时间与人们的生物钟不一致的时候, 人们的工作就会出现很多错误, 这就是所谓的“社会时差”, 好像人们处于错误的时区之内。故D项正确。4. What is the best title for the passage? A. Body clock and good work habitsB. Late for work? Maybe not your faultC. How to improve your work efficiencyD. Urgent need to change your body
39、 clock【解析】选B。标题归纳题。文章是一篇说明文, 早晨人们总是无法起床, 这是因为你的生物钟和工作时间不一致, 文章详细叙述了这一问题。根据第一段“If you find yourself hitting the snooze button every morning, dont blame yourself. Your work schedule could be to blame. ”可知, B项可以作为标题, 而且问句可以引起读者的注意。文章并没有提到习惯和改变生物钟的内容, 工作效率并非主要内容, 故B项正确。. 阅读填句根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选
40、项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。Weather influences health, intelligence and feelings. 1In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. 2 In the northeast and the middle west, it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times. People in these states have more heart trouble after t
41、he weather changes in February or March. 3 For example, in a recent report by scientists, IQ of a group of students was high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their IQ was 10% lower. The wind can help people have higher intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand, can ma
42、ke it lower. Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot months of the year. Weather also has a strong influence on peoples feelings. Winter may be a bad time for thin people. They usually feel cold during these months. They might feel unhappy during cold weathe
43、r. 4 Generally speaking, at about 18, people become stronger and better. Low air temperature may make people forgetful. People leave more bags on buses and in shops in cold days. 5 Sometimes, it may be the weathers problem. A. The weather can also influence intelligence. B. Warm weather can have a b
44、ad effect on health. C. So, different weather makes people feel different. D. But fat people may have a hard time in hot summer. E. Are you feeling sad, tired, forgetful, or unhappy today? F. People may have higher intelligence when low air pressure comes. G. People there have heart trouble and othe
45、r kinds of health problems during this month. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。天气能够对人们的感受产生影响。不同的天气, 人们的感觉也不同。文章指出天气可以对人的健康、智力、心情等产生影响。1. 【解析】选C。根据上文Weather influences health, intelligence and feelings. 可知天气影响健康、智力和感情。由此可知, 上文提到天气会影响人们的感情, 所以不同的天气, 人们的感觉也不同。故C选项“所以, 不同的天气让人们感觉不同”符合语境, 故选C。2. 【解析】选G。根据上下文可知, 8月, 美国南部非常
46、炎热潮湿。在东北和中西部, 天气有时很热, 有时很冷。这些州的人们在二月或三月天气变化后会更容易得心脏病。由此可知, 后文提到了不同地区气候不同, 人们心脏病发作和健康问题产生的情况也不同, 那么本句承接上文说明八月南部炎热潮湿的气候, 会导致那里的人们在这个月里产生心脏病和其他健康问题。上文中In August对应到G选项中this month。故G选项“在这个月里, 那里的人们有心脏病和其他健康问题”符合语境, 故选G。3. 【解析】选A。本句为本段中心句, 根据后文可知在科学家最近的一份报告中, 一组学生的智商在强风来袭时很高, 但强风过后, 他们的智商降低了10%。风可以帮助人们拥有更
47、高的智力。另一方面, 非常炎热的天气会使智力降低。美国许多学校的学生在一年中最热的月份, 考试成绩往往更差。由此可知, 本段主要说明了天气对智力也会有影响。故A选项“天气也会影响智力”符合语境, 故选A。4. 【解析】选D。根据上文可知天气对人们的情感也有很大的影响。冬天对瘦的人来说可能不是好时候。在这几个月里, 他们通常感到寒冷。他们可能会在寒冷的天气中感到不开心。由此可知, 上文提到了瘦的人不喜欢冬天, 那么本句应当是说明胖的人不喜欢的天气。故D选项“但在炎热的夏天, 胖子可能会很难受”符合语境, 故选D。5. 【解析】选E。根据后文Sometimes, it may be the weathers problem. 可知, 本句位于最后一段, 有总结上文的作用, 上文提到了天气会对人们的情感产生影响, 所以如果你今天感到悲伤、疲惫、健忘或不开心, 可能是天气的问题。故E选项“你今天感到悲伤、疲惫、健忘或不开心吗? ”符合语境, 故选E。