1、3年高考2年模拟1年原创专题22 阅读理解科普知识（教师版）【考点定位】 2022考纲解读和近几年考点分布高考对说明文的考查多为科普说明文，它是阅读理解重要内容，也是高考考查难点。科普类“阅读理解”题愈来愈受到命题者的青睐而科普类文章往往具有跨学科行文逻辑性强等特点,要求考生能从文章的整体逻辑以及重要细节上全面把握【试题特点】 注重学科渗透,行文逻辑性强,内容抽象 贴近学生的学习生活实际,有利于激发学生的思维,对选拔优秀考生有一定的作用 能全面地考查学生的综合阅读能力和运用所学知识去分析解决实际问题的能力 (4)科学方法图示判断题 科普说明文常出现科学方法图示判断题，这种试题或以生物依赖关系为
2、命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生物依赖关系；或以工艺流程为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的流程顺序，或以生产方法为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的生产方法；或以机械配制为命题题点，要求考生判断正确的机械配制。解题时一定要认真阅读分析原文对生物依赖关系、发明创造诞生过程和工艺流程过程的介绍，并且边读边画简易草图，以提高理解准确率。分析备选项时应对照原文介绍情况，找出各图不同之处，以便最终做出正确判断。【考点pk】 名师考点透析考点一、细节事实理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。细节理解
3、题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?2.Which of the following is not mentioned?3.All of the following are true except.4.According to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/w
4、hat/which,etc.？1.直接事实题 在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如：A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one s
5、ide of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people
6、worked on this dam for five years.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.Q：Hoover Dam lies_ .A.
7、between Arizona and NevadaB.in the Black CanyonC.between New York and San FranciscoD.both A and B【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。2.间接事实题 解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared
8、 as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Ai
9、rline for seven years.However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to
10、 have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q：Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.C.
11、Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong可判断不是moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此选B。 3、数据推算。If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will save_ .二、此类题的
12、设问方式1.What would be the best title for the text?2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?3.What is the passage mainly about?4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is_.考点三、推理推断。推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常
13、常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1.We can infer from the Passage that_.2.What can be inferred from the Passage?3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_.5.The author suggests in this paragraph that_.6.The writer implies that_.
14、7.It can be inferred that_.8.It can be concluded from the Passage that_.9.On the whole,we can conclude that_.10.From the text we can conclude that_.11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that_.12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?13.The author is inclined to think that_.14.When the
15、 writer talks about,what he really means is that_.15.Whats the writers attitude/feeling towards.?16.In the writers opinion,.考点四、词义、句义猜测。词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。此类题的设问方式主要有1.The word “.”in Line.means/can be replaced by.2.As used in the passage,the phrase “.”suggest
16、s.3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “.” is/referred to.4.The word “.” is closest in meaning to.猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。1.定义法。如:Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then let
17、ting it cool very slowly.句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即 “退火”。It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is,it will break easily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。2.同位法。如:They traveled a long way and
18、 at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。We are on the night shiftfrom midnight to 8 a.m.this week.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。3.对比法。如:She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her f
19、irst class.but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。5.因果法。如：The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.So
20、metimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。 【三年高考】 10、11 、12高考试题及其解析2022高考英语试题科普知识类 2022浙江卷 BMost people inside a soap bubbleLongest ears on a dogMost living generationsDid you ever wonder what is the Guinness World
21、Record for most living generations in one family? Seven is the answer.The ultimate authority on recordbreaking mentions on the website that the youngest greatgreatgreatgreat grandparent of this family was Augusta Bung “aged 109 years 97 days, followed by her daughter aged 89, her granddaughter aged
22、70, her great granddaughter aged 52, her greatgreat granddaughter aged 33 and her greatgreatgreat granddaughter aged 15 on the birth of her greatgreatgreatgreat grandson on January 21, 1989”Most Tshirts worn at onceHeaviest pumpkin46Why is Kenichi Ito described as a man with a “super power”？AHe set
23、a good example to all Japanese.BHe made record attempts in 15 different countries.CHe set a new record for “Fastest 100 m running on all fours”DHe participated in the 2022 Guinness World Records Day activities.47Jeffries is the name of _.Athe owner of the dog with the longest earsBthe grandfather of
24、 the dog with the longest earsCthe present holder of the record for “Longest ears on a dog”Dthe former holder of the record for “Longest ears on a dog”48How many Tshirts had Krunoslav Budiseli put on before he felt it difficult to go on?A68. B120. C238. D245.49According to the given information, whi
25、ch Guinness World Record was most recently set?AThe record for “Most people inside a soap bubble”BThe record for “Most living generations”CThe record for “Most Tshirts worn at once”DThe record for “Heaviest pumpkin”【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要向读者介绍6个不同寻常的吉尼斯世界纪录的情况。46. C细节理解题。从第一则纪录中提到的He is just anothersuper
26、powersKenichi Ito ran 100 m on all fours知，Kenichi Ito创造了最新的最快的100米“四肢爬”纪录，所以选C项。47. D细节理解题。从文章第三则纪录中Mr. Jeffries is the previous record holder of this title可以知道，Mr. Jeffries是前纪录保持者，所以选D项。48. B细节理解题。从第五则纪录中The Tshirts weighed 68 kg and Budiseli said he began struggling around Tshirt No. 120可以知道Budise
27、li在穿了120件T恤后感觉有点困难再穿上T恤了，所以选B项。 2022四川卷 EPlants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, chan
28、ging some living patterns, scientists say.Increased carbon dioxide(CO2)in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.“Predicting species reaction to climate change i
29、s a major challenge in ecology，” said the researchers of several US. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from
30、plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.“Across all species, the experiments underpredicted the speed of the advancefor both leafing and floweri
31、ngthat results from temperature increases，” the study said.The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis(光合作用)to produce
32、 sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.Scientists believe the worlds average temperature has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979.So far, efforts to cut emissions(排放)of planetwarming greenho
33、use gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2 this centurya point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.57. What is the key information the author
34、wants to give in Paragraph 1?APlants reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.BThe increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists expectation.CClimate change leads to the change of food production patterns.DFood chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.58. We ca
35、n learn from the study published on the Nature website that _.Aplants flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafingBthere are 1,634 plant species on the four continentsCscientists should improve the design of the experimentsDthe experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change59. Scient
36、ists pay special attention to the study of plants because_.Athey can prove the climate change clearlyBthey are very important in the food chainsCthey play a leading role in reducing global warmingDthey are growing and flowering much faster than before60. What can be inferred from the last two paragr
37、aphs about the worlds temperature?AIt has risen nearly 0.2 since 1979.BIts change will lead to weather extremes.CIt is 0.8 higher in 1979 than that of 1900.DIt needs to be controlled within 2 in this century.59. B细节理解题。根据第四段“They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to
38、 climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.”可知植物对气候变化的反应对整个食物链和生态系统都至关重要。故答案选B。60. D推理判断题。从倒数第二段“has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979.”可知A、C项错误；从最后一段叙述可知，如果本世纪地球变暖超过2，便会出现weather extremes。暗示我们这个世纪地球温度的上升需要控制在2的范围之内。故答案选D。 2022山东
39、卷 DFor those who are tired of doing the laundry, Samsung has found an answer: a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application). Strange though it may seem“my wife already does that” was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was in
40、troduced at the Consumer Electronics Show(CES)this weekSamsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install(安装)a large number of Internetconnected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”Last year, it was a refrigerator that tweeted. This year, its WiFienabled laundry machine
41、s and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad. The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application. The phone can then be used as a remote control, so the machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at
42、work or on the bus. Samsung says its not just something newthe app connection actually has some practical uses. “If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out, you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when you come home, so your clothes are refreshed an
43、d ready to go，” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt. The company also says that with electricity rates(电价)varying depending on the time of day, more control over when the machines are used can help save money. Perhaps, but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies doenable la
44、ziness. Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.72. What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES?A. The machine will be a big success.B. Their wives like doing the laundry.C. The mach
45、ine is unrelated to their lift.D. This kind of technology is familiar to them. 73. What can we learn about the new laundry machines?A. They can tell you when your clothes need washing.B. They can be controlled with a smartphone.C. They are difficult to operate.D. They are sold at a low price. 74. We
46、 can conclude from Samsungs statements that _. A. the app connection makes life easierB. it is better to dry clothes in the morningC. smartphones can shorten the drying timeD. we should refresh clothes back at home75. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. The laundry should be frequently ch
47、ecked.B. Lazy people like using such machines.C. Good technologies also cause problems.D. Television may help do the laundry. 2022全国卷 BYou may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to under
48、stand a few basic rules about the wind.First, you must ask yourself，“Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side？” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.Lets start with the wind blowing from beh
49、ind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90angle(角度)to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the
50、sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldnt flap(摆动)It shouldnt look like a flag on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.Sailing into the wind is not possible
51、. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you cant go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.45. W
52、hat should you consider first while sailing?ASailors strength. BWave levels.CWind directions. DSize of sails.46What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?AThe boat. BThe wind.CThe sail. DThe angle.47What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?AMove in a straight line.BAllow
53、the sail to flap.CLower the sail.DTack the boat.48Where can you probably find the text?AIn a popular magazine.BIn a tourist guidebook.CIn a physics textbook.DIn an official report.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了航行中关于风向的问题。首先要考虑风向，然后再根据风是从船的后面，侧面还是前面来确定航行的方法。45. C细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句话“And you need to understand a few basi
54、c rules about the wind.”和第二段的内容，可知首先要考虑风向的问题。A项是不需要考虑的，B项和D项没有提及。 2022辽宁卷 BAstronauts on shorter shuttle missions(使命)often work very long days. Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the days work. This type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the
55、International Space Station(ISS)ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can
56、communicate with family and friends by email, Internet phone and through private video conferences.While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy. Before a mission, the family and friends of each ISS crewmember put toge
57、ther a collection of family photos, messages, videos and reading material for the astronauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the Earth. During their mission, the crew also receives care packages with CDs, books, magazines, photos and letters. And as from early 2022, the In
58、ternet became available on the ISS, giving astronauts the chance to do some “web surfing(冲浪)” in their personal time. Besides relaxing with these more common entertainments, astronauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space.Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do i
59、n space is to look out the window and stare at the universe and the Earth. Both the shuttle and the ISS circle the planet several times each day, and every moment offers a new view of the Earths vast land mass and oceans.60What does the word “mimic” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?AFind. BCopy. CChange
60、. DLose.61Which of the following best describes the families of the astronauts on the ISS?AThey are caring and thoughtful.BThey are worried and upset.CThey are impatient and annoyed.DThey are excited and curious.62In the final paragraph, the author shows that astronauts _.Aget more pleasure in space
61、 than on the EarthBfind living in space a bit boring and tiringCregard space life as commonDlove to see the Earth from space63The passage mainly discusses how astronauts _.Awork for longer missions in spaceBconnect with people on the EarthCobserve the Earth from spaceDspend their free time in space6
62、3. D主旨大意题。全文讲述了国际空间站的宇航员是如何度过工作之余的闲暇时间的。B、C有一定的干扰性。文章提到过宇航员与地面上的家人和朋友的联系，也提到了他们透过窗子看地球上的景观，但是这些都是细节，而不是主题。 2022江苏卷 CMedical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the bodyand the body from themuntil th
63、ey can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this release，including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risksburns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shin
64、ing nearinfrared light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isnt new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外线) or visible light.
65、But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go th
66、rough chemical changes. That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIRabsorbing group called onit
67、robenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a soso NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules thats even be
68、tter. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive (易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each r
69、eactive component with a lightabsorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. Whats more, Almutairi says
70、, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.63. According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?A. Temperature change. B. NIR light. C. Acidity change. D. UV light.64. Why is ONB unsatisfactory?A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR l
71、ight.B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.C. It has not come onto the market up till now.D. It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.65. Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?A. protected B. formed C. exposed D. combined【解题导语】这是一篇科技文。怎样使用胶囊？如何让
72、吃药更加安全、疗效更好？文章对此做了介绍。 2022湖南卷 C Harvard researchers have created a tough, lowcost, biodegradable(可生物降解的) material inspired by insects hard outer shells. The materials inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic. The
73、material, made from shrimp (虾) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called “shrilk.” It is thin, clear, flexible and strong. A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability. Plastics toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and 60s. Decad
74、es later, however, plastics very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for onetime products such as plastic bags, or shortlived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries. What is the point of makin
75、g something that lasts 1,000 years? Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill, but its basic components are used as fertilizer (肥料), and so will enrich the soil. Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from
76、 shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk lowcost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material. Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab. The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet, so theyre exploring ways to use
77、it in wet environments. Theyre also developing simpler production processes, which could be used for nonmedical products，like for computer cases and other products inside the home. Theyre even exploring combining it with other materials，like carbon fibers, to give it new properties. 66. Paragraph 1
78、of the passage is mainly about shrilks _. Aremarkable design Binteresting name Cmajor features Dbasic elements67. What has become a concern about plastic? AUsing it properly. BProducing it cheaply. CDeveloping its properties quickly. DEvaluating its contributions fairly.68. According to the inventor
79、s，shrilk has great potential partly because _. Ait can help plastic degrade Bit can be found in living things Cits mass production has been realized Dits raw materials are abundant in nature 69. What are the inventors doing in the lab? AReplacing carbon fibers with shrilk. BTesting shrilks use in we
80、t conditions. CMaking shrilk out of used household goods. DImproving shrilks flexibility for medical purposes.70. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? ARecent Progress in Environmental Protection BBenefits of Insects in Scientific Research CThe Harm of Onetime ProductsD.A Po
81、ssible Alternative to Plastic【解题导语】本文是一篇科普说明文。介绍了科技新发现：从动物外壳提炼的具有可生物降解特性的材料以及它的广泛用途。66. C段落大意题。考查对段落主题的理解和判断能力。根据第一段Harvard researchers have created a tough, lowcost, biodegradable可以推知，选项C符合文意。67. A细节理解题。考查对文章特定细节的理解和判断能力。根据文章第二段however, plastics very durability is raising questions about how approp
82、riate it is for onetime products可以推知，选项A符合文意。 2022湖北卷 EBrrriiinnng. The alarm clock announces the start of another busy weekday in the morning. You jump out of bed, rush into the shower, into your clothes and out the door with hardly a moment to think. A stressful journey to work gets your blood pre
83、ssure climbing. Once at the office, you glance through the newspaper with depressing stories or reports of disasters. In that sort of mood, who can get down to work, particularly some creative, original problemsolving work? The way most of us spend our mornings is exactly opposite to the conditions
84、that promote flexible, openminded thinking. Imaginative ideas are most likely to come to us when were unfocused. If you are one of those energetic morning people, your most inventive time comes in the early evening when you are relaxed. Sleepy peoples lack of focus leads to an increase in creative p
85、roblem solving. By not giving yourself time to tune_into_your_wandering_mind,_youre missing out on the surprising solutions it may offer. The trip you take to work doesnt help, either. The stress slows down the speed with which signals travel between neurons (神经细胞), making inspirations less likely t
86、o occur. And while we all should read a lot about whats going on in the world, it would not make you feel good for sure, so put that news website or newspaper aside until after the days work is done. So what would our mornings look like if we wanted to start them with a full capacity for creative pr
87、oblem solving? Wed set the alarm a few minutes early and lie awake in bed, following our thoughts where they lead. Wed stand a little longer under the warm water of the shower, stopping thinking about tasks in favor of a few more minutes of relaxation. Wed take some deep breaths on our way to work,
88、instead of complaining about heavy traffic. And once in the officeafter we get a cup of coffeewed click on links not to the news of the day but to the funniest videos the web has to offer.67According to the author, we are more creative when we are _. Afocused Brelaxed Cawake Dbusy68What does the aut
89、hor imply about newspapers? AThey are solution providers. BThey are a source of inspiration. CThey are normally full of bad news. DThey are more educational than websites.69By “tune into your wandering mind” (in Para. 2), the author means “_” Awander into the wild Blisten to a beautiful tune Cswitch
90、 to the traffic channel Dstop concentrating on anything70The author writes the last paragraph in order to _. Aoffer practical suggestions Bsummarize past experiences Cadvocate diverse ways of life Destablish a routine for the future 2022广东卷 B I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regula
91、rly. As a doctor, mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the babys point of view. Mothers, doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a babys blood sugar level lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a ba
92、by easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth. It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a fourhourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the expert
93、s to advocate a strict clockwatching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. Ive never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience
94、in the first few weeks. Well, at last we have copperbottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By
95、the age of 8, their IQ (智商) scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample (样本) of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s, taking account of parental education, family income, a childs sex and age, the
96、 mothers health and feeding style. These results dont surprise me. Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels. I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices. 31. Accord
97、ing to Paragraph 2, one reason why a baby cries is that it feels _. Asick Bupset Csleepy Dhungry32. What does the author think about Dr King? AHe is strict. BHe is unkind.CHe has the wrong idea. DHe sets a timetable for mothers.33. The word copperbottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to_. Ab
98、asic Breliable Csurprising Dinteresting34. What does the research tell us about feeding a baby on demand? AThe baby will sleep well. BThe baby will have its brain harmed. CThe baby will have a low blood sugar level. DThe baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.35. The author supports feeding the
99、baby _. Ain the night Bevery four hours Cwhenever it wants food Daccording to its blood sugar level【解题导语】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍了怎样喂婴儿，是根据婴儿的需求还是按照时间表。根据调查研究发现，按照婴儿的需求喂婴儿要比按照时间规定喂婴儿要好很多。34. D细节理解题。根据第四段By the age of 8, their IQ (智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.看出答
100、案。故选D。35. C细节理解题。本文的第一句(I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly)就提出观点，“反对定时喂婴儿”，最后一句(I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices)希望结束严格按时喂养的习惯。既然是“不定时”，也就是按婴儿需要喂养，故选C。 2022福建卷 DDo you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you s
101、tart yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently its because we have mirror neurons(神经元)in our brains.Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate(模仿)it, whether or no
102、t we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other p
103、eople.Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they
104、 gave people sentences to listen to (for example：“The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball)Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much resea
105、rch suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information con
106、cerning how humans behave and interact(互动)Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent(相等物)for neuroscience of what Einsteins theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else doeswell, perhaps youll understand why.67Mirror neurons can
107、 explain _.Awhy we cry when we are hurtBwhy we cough when we suffer from a coldCwhy we smile when we see someone else smileDwhy we yawn when we see someone else stay up late68The underlined word “triggered” in the third paragraph probably means “_”Aset off Bcut offCbuilt up Dbroken up69We can learn
108、from the passage that mirror neurons _.Arelate to human behavior and interactionBcontrol human physical actions and feelingsCresult in bad behavior and social disordersDdetermine our knowledge and language abilities70What is the passage mainly about?AWays to find mirror neurons.BProblems of mirror n
109、eurons.CExistence of mirror neurons.DFunctions of mirror neurons. 2022北京卷 CDecisionmaking under StressA new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative(负面的) c
110、onsequences of a decision.The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“Stress affects how people learn，” says Professor Mara Mather.“People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”For example, two recent studies looked at how
111、people learned to connect images(影像)with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In b
112、oth cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under st
113、ressat those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.The research also found that s
114、tress appears to affect decisionmaking differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the coldwater task tended to take more risks in the experiment w
115、hile women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risktaking can pay off big, men may tend to do better; when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less
116、likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.64We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to _.Akeep rewards better in their memoryBrecall consequences more effortlesslyCmake risky decisions more frequ
117、entlyDlearn a subject more effectively65According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their _.Aways of making choicesBpreference for pleasureCtolerance of punishmentsDresponses to suggestions66The research has proved that in a stressful situation, _.Awomen find it easier to fall
118、into certain habitsBmen have a greater tendency to slow downCwomen focus more on outcomesDmen are more likely to take risks【解题导语】本文主要讲述的是压力对人做出决定的影响以及男女在面对压力时决定方式的不同。64. A细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material
119、 less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.”可知A为正确答案。 2022安徽卷 AWelcome to one of the largest collections of footwear(鞋类)in the world that will make you green with envy. Here at the Footwear Museum you can see exhibits(展品)from all over the world. You can find out about shoes worn b
120、y everyone from the Ancient Egyptians to pop stars. Room 1The celebrity(名人)footwear section is probably the most popular in the entire museum. Started in the 1950s there is a wide variety of shoes and boots belonging to everyone from queens and presidents to pop stars and actors! Most visitors find
121、the celebrities choice of footwear extremely interesting.Room 2Most of our visitors are amazedand shockedby the collection of “special purpose” shoes on exhibition here at the Museum of Footwear. For example, there are Chinese shoes made of silk that were worn by women to tie their feet firmly to pr
122、event them from growing too much！Room 3As well as shoes and boots, the museum also exhibits shoeshaped objects. The variety is unbelievable. For example, there is a metal lamp that resembles a pair of shoes, and Greek wine bottles that look like legs！The Footwear LibraryPeople come from all over the
123、 world to study in our excellent footwear library. Designers and researchers come here to look up information on anything and everything related to the subject of footwear.56. Where would you find a famous singers shoes?A. Room 1. B. Room 2.C. Room 3. D. The Footwear Library.57. All exhibits each ro
124、om _.A. share the same theme B. have the same shapeC. are made of the same material D. belong to the same social class58. Which of the following is true according to the text?A. The oldest exhibits in Room 1 were made in the 1950s.B. Room 2 is the most visited place in the museum.C. Room 3 has a ric
125、her variety of exhibits than the other two.D. Researchers come to the Footwear Library for data.59. The purpose of the text is to get more people to _.A. do research B. design shoesC. visit the museum D. follow celebrities【解题导语】本文讲述世界上最大的收集鞋类的博物馆之一Footwear Museum。56. A细节推断题。Room 1中有名人鞋的展品，所以选A。57. A
126、推理判断题。每个展厅的展品都和“鞋类”有关。所以选A。58. D细节推断题。根据The Footwear Library中Designers and researchers come here to look up information on anything and everything related to the subject of footwear.可判断研究者是为了收集资料。59. C推理判断题。本文讲述了世界上最大的收集鞋类的博物馆之一Footwear Museum，目的是吸引更多的人来参观。 2022安徽卷 E Welcome to your future life! You
127、 get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and younglooking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people your age could live to be 150，so at 40, youre not old at all. And your parents just had an antiaging(抗衰老的) treatment. Now, all three of you look the same
128、age! You say to your shirt, “Turn red.” It changes from blue to red. In 2035, “smart clothes” contain particles(粒子) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change your clothes color or pattern. You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says，“ Y
129、ou shouldnt drink that！” Your fridge has read the chip (芯片) that contains information about the milk, and it knows the milk is old. In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip. Its time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your “smart car” where to go. On
130、the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Such “smart technology” is all around you. So will all these things come true? “For new technology to succeed，” says scientist Andrew Zolli ，“it has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.” The Internet is one examplewhat w
131、ill be the next?72. We can learn from the text that in the future _.A. people will never get oldB. everyone will look the sameC. red will be the most popular colorD. clothes will be able to change their pattern73. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?A. Milk will be harmful to health.B. More drinks
132、 will be available for sale.C. Food in the grocery store will carry electronic information.D. Milk in the grocery store will stay fresh much longer.74. Which of the following is mentioned in the text?A. Nothing can replace the Internet.B. Fridges will know what people need.C. Jacket sleeves can be u
133、sed as a guide.D. Cars will be able to drive automatically.75What is the text mainly about?A. Food and clothing in 2035.B. Future technology in everyday life.C. Medical treatments of the future.D. The reason for the success of new technology. 2022福建卷 DDo you know how it is when you see someone yawn
134、and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently its because we have mirror neurons(神经元)in our brains.Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate(模仿)it, whet
135、her or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understan
136、d other people.Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered tha
137、t if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example：“The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball)Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. M
138、uch research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more inform
139、ation concerning how humans behave and interact(互动)Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent(相等物)for neuroscience of what Einsteins theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else doeswell, perhaps youll understand why.67Mirror ne
140、urons can explain _.Awhy we cry when we are hurtBwhy we cough when we suffer from a coldCwhy we smile when we see someone else smileDwhy we yawn when we see someone else stay up late68The underlined word “triggered” in the third paragraph probably means “_”Aset off Bcut offCbuilt up Dbroken up69We c
141、an learn from the passage that mirror neurons _.Arelate to human behavior and interactionBcontrol human physical actions and feelingsCresult in bad behavior and social disordersDdetermine our knowledge and language abilities70What is the passage mainly about?AWays to find mirror neurons.BProblems of
142、 mirror neurons.CExistence of mirror neurons.DFunctions of mirror neurons.【解题导语】本文是一篇科普说明文。介绍了镜像神经元的作用。67.C推理判断题。从第二段的第一句话“every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it”可知镜像神经元的作用就是当我们看到别人做某事，我们也会跟着做。68. A词义猜测题。根据第三段镜像神经元对语言的作用，当人们听到“手抓住球”这句话时，神经元就开始起作用了，就像手抓住球这个动作真的发生一样。set off
143、：出发；触发。69. A细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知答案。70. D主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了人体镜像神经元的作用。 2022课标全国卷 B Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees nest and take the
144、honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helpera little bird called a honey guide. The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in
145、 the beehives (蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies th
146、rough the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the_follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground,
147、and this is when the honey guide takes its share. Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from
148、his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.60. Why is it difficult to find a wild bees nest? A. Its small in size. B. Its hidden in trees. C. Its covered with wax. D. Its hard to recognize.61. What do the words “the follower” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. A bee. B. A
149、 bird. C. A honey seeker. D. A beekeeper.62. The honey guide is special in the way _. A. it gets its food B. it goes to church C. it sings in the forest D. it reaches into bees nests63. What can be the best title for the text? A. Wild Bees B. Wax and Honey C. Beekeeping in Africa D. HoneyLovers Help
150、er【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了honeylovers helper独特的掠食方式，它帮助人和动物找到蜂蜜，待到他们吃掉蜂蜜后，它再吃蜂蜡。科学家们对此也感到迷惑不解。 2022陕西卷 C Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately：the air you
151、breathe. Previous studies have linked high exposure(暴露)to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems，but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke(中风)within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research，scientists foun
152、d that people exposed to high levels of pollutants(污染物) were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the US. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)considers to be of “moderate”(
153、良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure. The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blo
154、od pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.53T
155、he text mainly discusses the relationship between_.Aheart problems and air qualityBheart problems and exercisingCheart problems and smokingDheart problems and fatty food54. The underlined word“modest”in Paragraph 3 most probably means _.Arelatively high Bextremely lowCrelatively low Dextremely high5
156、5What can we learn from the text? AEating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.BThe EPA conducted many studies on air quality.CModerate air quality is more harmful than smoking.DStricter regulations on pollutants should be made.56The authors purpose of writing the text is most likely to_.A
157、inform Bpersuade Cdescribe Dentertain【解题导语】众所周知，摄入过多脂肪、缺乏锻炼以及长期吸烟会增加患心脏病的风险，但最新的研究表明，另外一项我们平时不注意的东西更使我们患心脏病的风险大大增加，那就是我们所呼吸的空气。53A主旨大意题。根据本文主题句第一段的最后一句可知本文大意是说明空气质量和心脏病发病率之间的关系，选A。54C词义猜测题。此处指对于健康人来说，这些危险相对较小，当然比起像吸烟、高血压这些其他危险因素来说，空气污染的危险相对较低，故推测modest在此意为“相对较低的”，选C。55D事实细节题。根据最后一句可知本题选D。56A写作意图题。本文
158、是一篇说明文，主要意思是说明人们所呼吸的空气和心脏病的发病率之间的关系，由此可知作者的写作目的是告知人们一个事实，故本题选A。2022高考英语试题（2022湖南卷）CA recent study of ancient and modern elephant has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的 )species The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard U
159、niversity when they were examing the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon modern elephantsthe Asian elepphant, African forest elephant, and African savanna elephant.Once they obastain DNA sequences（序列）from two fossils（化石）,mammoths and mastodons, the team comparted the
160、m with DNA from modern elephants. They found their amazement that mordern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been di
161、stinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species, but th
162、is is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populationgs of the same species, despite the elephants significant size differences. The savanna ele
163、phant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an averate shoulder double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so differrent does not neccssarily mean they are different species. However the prooflay in the analysisi of the DNA.Alfried Roca
164、, assitant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at t he University of Illinois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two difficult units for conservation purpose. Since 1950, all Afican elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and
165、 savanna elephants have been distinct animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority（优先）for conservation purposes.”66.One of the fossiles studied by the researchers is that of .A. the Asian elephantB. the forest elephantC. the savanna elephantD. the maslodon elephant67. The underlined
166、word “divergence” in Paragraph 4 means “ .”A. evolution B. exhibitionC. separationD. examination68. The researchers conclusion was based on a study of the African elephants .A. DNAB. heightC. weightD. population69. What are Alfred Rocas words mainly about?A. The conservation of Afican elephantB. The
167、 purpose of studying Afican elephantC. The way to divide Afican elephants into two unitsD. The renson for the distinction of African elephants70.Which of the following can be the best tille for the passage?A. Naturalist Beliefs about ElephantsB. Amazing Experiments about ElephantsC. An Unexpected Fi
168、nding ahout ElephantsD. A Long Scientifif Debate about Elephants（2022江西卷）DWhy should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Ear
169、th? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked. Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the bette
170、r its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be complet
171、ely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects. Exploration also allows minerals and other potential (潜在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techni
172、ques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications
173、systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products (副产品) of technological developments in the space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of
174、our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human being to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to
175、save ourselves might not exist.While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.71
176、. Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph1?A. To express his doubts.B. To compare different ideas.C. To introduce points for discussion.D. To describe the conditions on Earth.72. What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph2?A. Humans are nature-born to do so.B. Humans ha
177、ve the tendency to fight.C. Humans may find new sources of food.D. Humans dont like to stay in the same place.73. The underlined word “spin-offs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to_.A. survival chancesB. potential resourcesC. unexpected benefitsD. physical possessions74. What makes it possible for hu
178、mans to live on other planets?A. Our genetic makeup.B. Resources on the earth.C. The adaptive ability of humans. D. By-products in space exploration.75. Which of the statements can best sum un the passage?A. Space exploration has created many wonders.B. Space exploration provided the best value for
179、money.C. Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth. D.Space exploratino may help us avoid potential problem on Earth.【文章大意】人类为什么要探寻太空的奥妙？为什么在探索之路上花去如此多的时间、金钱和精力？本文作者将为你解答。71.C推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段提出问题，而下文正是对第一段问题的解释，故作者提出这几个问题是想引出本文话题。72.A细节理解题。由第二段最后一句可知，人类天生如此。第二段是典型的总分总结构，主旨句在段首段
180、尾。Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. 主要原因在于人类基因。Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible. 而B选项错在fight这个词。CD没提及。73.C 词义猜测题。第四段前几句提到了探索太空会有意外收获，而该句的already也暗示including后列举的是一些意外的收获，故spin-offs指的是unexpected benefits。
181、74.C 细节理解题。由最后一段第一句可知，人类可能在其他星球上生存是因为人类的适应能力强。故选C。75.D主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了太空探索对人类的益处，它能帮人类预见和避免潜在的问题和危险。故D项正确。（2022江苏卷）CAccording to the US government, wind farms off the Pacific coast could produce 900 gig watts of electricity every year.Unfortunately,the water there is far too deep for even the ta
182、llest windmills(see picture)to touch bottom. An experiment under way off the coast of Norway,however,could help put them anywhere.The project, called Hywind,is the worlds first large-scale deepwater wind turbine(涡轮发电机).Although it uses a fairly standard 152-ton, 2.3-megawatt turbine,Hywind represent
183、s totally new technology. The turbine will be fixed 213 feet above the water on a floating spar(see picture),a technology Hywinds creator,the Norwegian company StatoilHydro,has developed recently. The steel spar, which is filled with stones and goes 328 feet below the sea surface, will be tied to th
184、e ocean floor by three cable(缆索)；these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves.Hywinds stability(稳定性)in the cold and rough sea would prove that even the deepest corners of the ocean are suitable for wind power. If all goes according to plan, the turbine
185、 will start producing electricity six miles off the coast of southwestern Norway as early as September.To produce electricity on a large scale, a commercial wind farm will have to use bigger turbines than Hywind does, but its difficult enough to balance such a large turbine so high on a floating spa
186、r in the middle of the ocean. To make that turbine heavier, the whole spars to design a new kind of wind turbine, one whose gearbox(变速箱) sits at sea level rather than behind the blades (see picture )Hywind is a test run, but the benefits for perfecting floating wind-farm technology could be extremel
187、y large. Out at sea, the wind is often stronger and steadier than close to shore, where all existing offshore windmills are planted. Deep-sea farms are invisible from land, which helps overcome the windmill-as-eyesore objection. If the technology catches on, it will open up vast areas of the planets
188、 surface to one of the best low-carbon power sources available.63. The Hywind project uses totally new technology to ensure the stability of _.A. the cables which tie the spar to the ocean floorB. the spar which is floating in deep-sea waterC. the blades driven by strong and steady sea windD. the st
189、ones filled in the spar below the sea surface64. To balance a bigger turbine high on a flatting spar, a new type of turbine is to be designed with its gearbox sitting _.A. on the sea floor B. on the spar topC. at sea level D. behind the blades65. Wide applications of deepwater wind power technology
190、can _.A. solve the technical problems of deepwater windmillsB. make financial profits by producing more turbinesC. settle the arguments about environmental problemsD. explore low-carbon power resources available at sea【语篇解读】本篇为科普类文章。介绍了涡轮发电机的构造及工作原理。63. 答案B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句话“a floating spar, a tech
191、nolgoy Hywinds creator”，其中a technology Hywinds creator是spar的同位语，因此B正确。64 答案C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话“, one whose gearbox sits at sea level rather than behind the blades”可知C正确。62. 答案D【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话“If the technology catches on, it will open up vast areas of the planets surface to one of the best l
192、ow-carbon power sources available.”可知D正确。（2022湖北卷）B Howling is a behavior commonly observed among a wolf park. An animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling was an important means of communication each other. There are different explants of a wolfs howl and it appears that there may b
193、e more to discover. One theory is that wolves howl to bend better together. Its almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together. Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together . But this theory may be wrong, explains Fred H.
194、 Harington, a professor who studies wolf behavior. Indeed, there have been tines when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a exhorts, and the next, quarreling anions each other. It appears that usually the lowest-tanking menthes of the pack may actually be “punished” forJoining in the churs a
195、t times. So is howling a way to strcagthen a social boad or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? Why do welves howl for sure?What is cleat, however, is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that woloves may separate f
196、rom one another at times. When this happens, howling appcars to be an ercellent means of gathering. Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behaviour. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occat in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sotr of “roll
197、rall”where wolves all howl togeter to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occar in the morning, as if wolves were doing w some sotr of “roll call”where wolves all howl together to repotr their pteence.55.What the possible similarity between wolves howling together and human s
198、ing in chorus?A.The act of calling each other.B.the sense of accomplishment.C.The act of hunting for something.D.The sense of belonging to a group.56.Why does Harrington think the“secial boad”theory may be wrong?A.Wolves separate from each other after howling.B.Wolves tend to protect their hunting g
199、rounds.C.Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together.D.Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.57.Reseatchers are sure that wolves often howl to_.A.show their ranks B.find their companionC.report the missing onesD.express their lonelingess58.“Howling is a contagious behavio
200、ur”(in the last paragraph)means_.A.howling is a signal for huntingB.howling is a way of communicationC.howling aften occurs in the morningD.howling spreads from one to another（2022湖北卷）EWhich are you more likely to have wath you at sny given mementyour cell phone or your wallet? Soon you may be able
201、to throw your wallet away and pay for things with a quick wave of your smart phone over an electroue scannet.In January, Starbucks announced that customers could start using their phones to buy coffee in 6,800 of its states. This is the first pay-by-phone practice in the U.S., but were likely to see
202、 more witeless payment alternatives as something called ucar field communcation(NFC)GETS IN TO Americas consumet electanies. Last Deccmbet some new smart phanes which cantain an NFC chip were introduced to the public.Already in use in part of Asia and Europe, NFC allows shoppers to wave theie phones
203、 a few inchs above a payment terminal-a contact-free system build for speed and convenience. plan a few incees live a payment tetminal a one a few ptaht need to be worked out, like who will get to collect the profitable trunsacian(交易)fees. Although some credit card providers have been experimenting
204、with wave and pay systems that use NFC enabled credit cards, cellphone service providers truay try to mused their way into the point of sale (POS)market. Three big cell phone service providers have formed a joinf tenture(合资企业)that will go into opention over the next 15 months. Its goal is“to lead th
205、e U.S. payments industry from cards to mobile phone.”The other big NFC sue, apart from how paymeats will be processed, is security, For instance, whats to stop a thief from digitally pickpocketing you? “Were still not at the point where an attacker can just brush against yee in a crowd and steal all
206、 the money out of your phone,”says Jimmy Shah. A mobile security rescarcher, “Usera may also be able to set transaction timeits,requiring a password to be enteced for larger putchases.Bus siness? Keep in mund you lost your smart phone, it can be located on a located on a map and remotely disabled. P
207、lus, your phone can be password protected, Your wallet isnt.67.What is predicted to happen in the U.S.?A.The expansion of cellphone companices.B. The boom of pay-by-phone business.C. The dissppearanceof credit cards.D. The increase of Starbucks sales.s68.The NFC technology can be used to_.A. ensure
208、the safety of shoppersB. collect transaction fees easilyC. make purchase faster and simplerD. improve the quality of cellphones69.Three cellphone service providers form a joint venture to_.A. strengthen their relationshipB .get a share in the payments industryC .sell more cellphonesD. test the NFC t
209、eehnoingy70.According to the what can users do if they lose their smart phones?A. Stop the function of their phones.B .Stop a passwant.C .Cat all the money out of their phones.D. Can large purchases.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍美国最新推出的一项基于手机的新技术，它使得通过手机直接划拔费用成为可能，使得消费更加快捷、便利。（2022全国2卷）BFor those who study the d
210、evelopment of intelligence（智力）in the animal world, self-awareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware（意识）of itself has a high level of intelligence.Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is, its own reflected image（反射出的影像）.Many a
211、nimals fail this exercise bitterly, paying evry little attention to the reflected image. Only humans, and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins, have shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.Now another animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National
212、Academy of Sciences, researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror self-reflection test.“We thought that elephants were the next important animal,” said Dinana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, an author of the study with Joshua M.Plotnik and Fans B.M. de Waal of Emory Un
213、iversity. With their large brains, Reiss said, elephants “seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins.”The researchers tested Happy, Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo.They put an 8-foot-square mirror on a wall of the animals play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded wha
214、t happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror.The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it, and to examine parts of their bodies.Of the three, Happy then passed the test, in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by lo
215、oking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.Diana Reiss said, We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.45. What can mirror tests tell us about animals?A. Whether they have large brains.BWhether they have se
216、lf-awareness.C. Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises.D. Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.46. Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text?A. They are most familiar to readers.B. They are big favorites with zoo visitors.C. They are included in the study by Reiss.D. They are alread
217、y known to be intelligent.47. What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty?A. She used her nose to search behind the mirror.B. She recognized her own image in the mirror.C. She painted a mark on her own face.D. She found the hidden camera.（2022福建卷）EThe internet will open up new vistas (前景), creat
218、e the global village you can make new friends all around the world .That, at least, is what it promised us. The difficulty is that it did not take the human mind into account. The reality is that we cannot keep relationships with more than a limited number of people. No matter how hard the internet
219、tries to put you in communication, its best efforts will be defeated human mind.The problem is twofold（双重的）.First, there is a limit on the number of people we can hold in mind and have a meaningful relationship with. That number is about 150 and is set by the size of our brain. Second, the quality o
220、f your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest（投入）in them. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribution whats left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline（减弱）until event
221、ually it dies into “someone I once knew”.This is not, of course, to say that the internet doesnt serve a socially valuable function. Of course it does. But the question is not that it allows you to increase the size of your social circle to include the rest of the world, but that you can keep your r
222、elationships with your existing friends going even though you have to move to the other side of the world.In one sense, thats a good thing. But it also has a disadvantage. If you continue to invest in your old friends even though you can no longer see then, then certainly you arent using your time t
223、o make new friends where you now live. And I suspect that probably isnt the best use of your time. Meaningful relationships are about being able to communicate with each other, face to face. The internet will slow down the rate with which relationships end, but it wont stop that happening eventually
224、.72. What is stressed in the first paragraph?A. The present situation of the internet.B. The difficulty in communication on the internet.C. The socially valuable function of the internet.D. The role of the human mind in the internet communication.73. The underlined word “engagement” in the second pa
225、ragraph probably means “_”.A. appointment B. connection C. interview D. agreement74. According to the passage, the author holds the view that_.A. the internet fails to play so valuable a role in communication as it promisedB. the internet determines the quality of social relationshipsC. the internet
226、 greatly increases the size of social circlesD. the internet communication is no less effective than the face-to-face talk75. What is the authors attitude towards the use of the internet to strengthen relationships?A. He is uncertain about it. B. He is hopeful of itC. He approves of it D. He doubts
227、it【文章大意】本文介绍的是在人际交往中体现的因特网的利与弊。72.D推理判断题。文章第一段说虽然因特网有利于交朋友，但人的大脑关注的人的数量毕竟有限，所以因特网的”努力”会被人的大脑击败。显然强调的是人脑在网络交流中的作用。73.B猜测词义题。本文第二段讲到我们将大多数时间花在了与很少的人的交往中，而将很少的时间分给了很多人，这就会导致对某一个人投入的时间少，跟他的联系就会减弱，所以engagement应该是“联系”之意。74.A推理判断题。依据文章倒数第二段可知，作者认为因特网达不到第一段第一句话提及的目标，所以选A。75.D推理判断题。依据文章最后一段尤其是最后两句话可知，有意义的人际关
228、系要能够面对面地交流，因特网无法阻止人际关系的淡化，所以作者对因特网会加强人与人之间的关系持怀疑态度。（2022陕西卷）DEver since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, gentically mondified (GM, 转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the word,mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide foo
229、d crisis. But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would ,is it the best solutiorr? Despite what it promiises,GM technology actually has not increased the production potential of any corp. In fact Studies show that the most crown GM croo.GM soybeans, has suffered reduced product
230、ivity. For instance, a report than analysed nearly two decades of research on mojor GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.Something else, however, has been on the rise, While GM seeds are expensive, GM companics tell farmers that they will ma
231、ke good profits by saving money on pesticides（杀虫剂）. On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops. “ The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But nether is true,” said B
232、ill Christison, President of the US National Farm Coalition.At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production, but by problems in food distribution and politics.
233、These indeed deserve our efforts and money. Meanwhile, the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food, according to a 2022 World Bank report.As a matter of fact ,scientists see better ways to feed the world. Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops
234、 have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger, because better ways out are available, among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.57.The author develops the second paragraph mainly . A. by classification B. by comparison C. by example D. by process 58. Wh
235、at does the underlined word “boost ” in the third paragraph probably mean?A. Control. B. Evaluate C. Obtain. D. Increase.59. GM companies promise farmers that they will benefit from _. A. practicing “green” farming B. use of less chemicalsC. fair distribution of their crops D. using more crops for f
236、uel60. Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards GM technology? A. Optimistic B. Defensive C. Disapproving D. Casual【文章大意】本文对转基因食品展开了论述。转基因食品曾经被认为能够解决世界粮食危机，但现在看来，转基因食品非但没有解决预期的问题，却带来了诸多的问题，引发了更多的争议，那么解决世界粮食问题的出路在哪里呢？57.C写作手法题。根据第二段中的For instance可知，作者第二段的写作是通过举例说明的手法展开
237、论述的。58.D猜测词义题。联系上下文可知，转基因食品的初衷是提高粮食产量，因为它要解决世界粮食短缺问题，由此可知选D，lncrease“增加”。59.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides（杀虫剂）和该段的画线词所在的句子可知答案为B。60.C作者态度题。通读全文可以看出作者对转基因食品持反对(disapproving)态度。尤其是作者在论述过程中，多次巧妙地运用了转折意味的词语，例如：but,despite,in fa
238、ct,however,on the contrary,as amatter of fact.2022高考英语试题(2022高考英语安徽卷B)Have you ever wondered?1） Why do airplanes take longer to fly west than east?It can take five hours to go west-east from New York (NY) to London but seven hours to travel east-west from London to NY . The reason for the difference
239、 is an atmospheric phenomenon known as the jet（喷射）stream. The jet stream is a very high altitude wind which always blows from the west to the east across the Atlantic. The planes moving at a constant air speed thus go faster in the west-east direction when they are moving with the wind than in the o
240、pposite direction.2） What would happen if the gravity on Earth was suddenly turned off?Supposing we could magically turn off gravity. Would buildings and other structures（建筑物）float away? What happened would depend on how strongly the things were attached to the Earth. The Earth is moving at quite a
241、speed, moving at over a thousand miles per hour. If you turn something around your head on a string（细绳）,it goes around in a circle until you let go of the string. Then it flies off in a straight line. Switching off gravity would be like letting go of the string. Things not attached to the Earth woul
242、d fly off in a straight line. People in buildings would suddenly shoot upwards at a great speed until they hit the ceiling. Most things outside would fly off into space.60.What information can we get from the first passage?A. It is the jet stream that affects how fast airplanes fly.B. Planes go slow
243、er when they are moving with the wind.C. It takes more time to fly from NY to London than from London to NY.D. The jet stream always blows from the east to the west across the Atlantic. 61.The word “shoot” underlined in the 2nd passage probably means “_”.A. send for B. move quicklyC. come out D. gro
244、w quickly62.It can be inferred that without gravity _.A. buildings and other structures would float away B. trees and buildings would not so easily fly off C. something around your head would not float awayD. everything outside buildings would fly off into space63.Where can we most probably read thi
245、s text?A. In a research paper. B. In a short story.C. In a travel magazine. D. In a students book【答案】ABBD（ 2022高考英语湖北卷E） Have you winterized your horse yet? Even though global warming may have made our climate more mild, many animals are still hibernating (冬眠). Its too bad that humans cant hibernate
246、. In fact, as a species, we almost did. Apparently, at times in the past, peasants in France liked a semi-state of human hibernation. So writes Graham Robb, a British scholar who has studied the sleeping habits of the French peasants. As soon as the weather turned cold, people all over France shut t
247、hemselves away and practiced the forgotten art of doing nothing at all for months on end. In line with this, Jeff Warren, a producer at CBC Radios The Current, tells us that the way we sleep has changed fundamentally since the invention of artificial（人造的）lighting and the electric bulb. When historia
248、ns began studying texts of the Middle Ages, they noticed something referred to as “first sleep”, which was not clarified, though. Now scientists are telling us our ancestors most likely slept in separate periods. The business of eight hours uninterrupted sleep is a modem invention. In the past, with
249、out the artificial light of the city to bathe in, humans went to sleep when it became dark and then woke themselves around midnight. The late night period was known as “The Watch”. It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply moved around or visited famil
250、y and neighhours. According to some sleep researchers, a short period of insomnia (失眠) at midnight is 69. What does the author advise people to do? A. Sleep in the way animals do. B. Consult a doctor if they cant sleep. C. Follow their natural sleep rhythm. D. Keep to the eight-hour sleep pattern.70
251、. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage? A. To give a prescription for insomnia. B. To urge people to sleep less. C. To analyze the sleep pattern of modem people. D. To throw new light on human sleep.（ 2022高考英语山东卷D）Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While
252、scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.“To prov
253、ide enough power, we need certain methods with energy density(密度)，”said Jae kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope(放射性同位素) battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”Kwon and his research team have been working on
254、 building a small nuclear battery, resently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro/nanoelectromechanical systems(M/NEWS).Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.“People hear the word nuclear and think of something very dangerous,” he said. “
255、However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”His new idea is not only in the batterys size, but also in its semiconductor(半导体). Kwons battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semico
256、nductor.“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶格结构) of the solid semiconductor, ” Kwon said. “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”Together with J. David Rob
257、ertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the batterys power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that the battery could be thinner than the thickness
258、of human hair.71.Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?A. He teaches chemistry at MU.B. He developed a chemical battery.C. He is working on a nuclear energy source.D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.72. Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4 .A. to show chemical batteries are wide
259、ly applied B. to indicate nuclear batteries can be safely usedC. to describe a nuclear-powered systemD. to introduce various energy sources.73. Liquid semiconductor is used to .A. get rid of the radioactive waste B. test the power of nuclear batteries C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries D. red
260、uce the damage to lattice structure 74. According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery .A. uses a solid semiconductor B. will soon replace the present onesC. could be extremely thinD. has passed the final test75.The text is most probably a A. science news report B. book review C. newspaper ad D. science
261、 fiction story (2022高考英语四川卷B)Boiler rooms are often dirty and steamy, but this one is el.ean and cool. Fox Point is a very new47-unit living building in South Bronx, one of the citys poorest areas. Two-thirds of the people living there are formerly (以前) homeless people, whose rent is paid by the gov
262、ernment. The rest are low-income families. The boiler room has special equipment, which produces energy for electricity and heat. It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air, reducing carbon emissions(碳排放)while also cutting costs. Fox Point is operated by Palladia, a group that specialize
263、s in providing housing and services to needy, people. Palladia received support from Enterprise Community Partners (ECP), which helps build affordable housing by providing support to housing developers. ECP has created national standards for healthy, environmentally (环境方面) clever and affordable home
264、s which are called, the Green Communities Standards. These standards include water keeping, energy saving and the use of environmentally friendly building materials. Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs. Even the position
265、ing of a window to get most daylight can help save energy.Michael. Bloomberg, New Yorks mayor, plans to create 165,000 affordable housing units for500,000 New Yorkers. Almost 80% of New York Citys greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those are caused, by housing. So he recently a
266、nnounced that the citys Department of Housing and Preservation and Development (DHPD) , whose duty is to develop and keep the citys supply of affordable housing, will require all its new projects to follow ECPs green standards.Similar measures have been taken by other cities such as Cleveland and De
267、nver, but New Yorks DHPD is the largest city developer of affordable housing in the country.45. What is the purpose of describing the boiler room in the first paragraph?A. To explain the measures the city takes to care for poor people. B. To suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas.C
268、. To show how the environment-friendly building works.D. To compare old and new boiler rooms.46. What is an advantage of the buildings meeting the Green Communities Standards? A. Lower running costs.B. Costing less in construction. C. Less air to be lost in hot days.D. Better prices for homeless peo
269、ple.47. It can be learned from the text that, A. New York City is seriously pollutedB. peoples daily life causes many carbon emissions in New York CityC. a great number of people in New York City dont have houses to live inD. some other cities have developed more affordable housing than New York Cit
270、y48. What is the main purpose of this text?A. To call on people to pay more attention to housing problems.B. To prove that some standards are needed for affordable housing.C. To ask society to help homeless people and low-income families.D. To introduce healthy, environmentally clever-and affordable
271、 housing.【答案】CABD【解析】文中介绍了一种政府倡导的、节能的、运作成本低的新型房屋。45C推理判断题。文中第一段介绍了这种环保建筑是怎样起作用的，为下文说明这种建筑被广泛应用埋下了伏笔。46A细节理解题。由第三段信息“ increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs.”可推知，环保建筑的优势是运作成本较低。47B细节理解题。由第四段信息“Almost 80% of New York Citys greenhouse-gas emissions
272、 come from buildings, and 40% of those are caused, by housing.”可知答案为B。48D主旨大意题。文章比较客观地介绍了一种健康的、环保的、人们有能力购买的房屋。（ 2022高考英语陕西卷D）When I first got an email account ten years ago, I received communications only from family, friends, and colleagues. Now it seems that every time I check my e-mail, I have an
273、 endless series of advertisement and other correspondence that do not interest the at all. If we want e-mail to continue to be useful,we need special laws that make spamming(发送垃圾邮件) a crime.If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spam, the problem will certainly get much worse. Computer pr
274、ograms allow spammers to spend hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly. As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products, individual（个人的）e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails. Would people continue to use e-mail if they had to deal with an annoying amount of spam
275、each time?This problem is troubling for individuals and companies as well. Many spam emails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company. Companies rely on e-mail on for their employees to communicate with each other. Spam frequently causes failures in their local comm
276、unications networks, and their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively. Such a situation results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repair their networks. These computer problems raise production costs of companies, which are, in the end, passed on to the con
277、sumer. For these reasons, I believe that lawmakers need to legislate (立法) against spam. Spammers should be fined, and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people. E-mail is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate conveniently, but spam is destroying this convenience
278、.57. What does the underlined word “correspondence” in the Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. messages B. ideas C. connections D. programs 58. According to the text, what is the major cause of the flooding spam? A. Companies rely on e-mail for communications.B. More people in the world communicate by e-m
279、ail.C. Many computer viruses contain spam e-mail.D. More advertisers begin to promote sales through spam.59. According to Paragraph 3,who is the final victim of spam? A. The business B. The advertiser C. The employee D. The consumer 60. What is the purpose of the text?A. To informB. To educateC. To
280、persuadeD. To instruct（ 2022高考英语江苏卷D）Imagine，one day，getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours，and then，after a full day of work，going back home to Beijing and having dinner thereSounds unusual，doesnt it? But its not that unrealistic，with the develo
281、pment of Chinas highspeed railway systemAnd thats not a11China has an even greater highspeed railway planto connect the country with Southeast Asia，and eventually Eastern EuropeChina is negotiating to extend its own high-speed railway network to up to 17 countries in 1 0 to 15 years，eventually reach
282、ing London and SingaporeChina has proposed three such projectsThe first would possibly connect Kunming withSingapore via Vietnam and MalaysiaAnother could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan，and possibly to GermanyThe third would start in the northeast and go north through Russi
283、a and then into Western EuropeIf Chinas plan for the high-speed railway goes forward，people could zip over from London to Beiling in under two daysThe new system would still follow Chinas highspeed railway standardAnd the trains would be able to go 346 kilometers an hour，almost as fast as some airpl
284、anes Chinas bullet train(高速客车)，the one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou，already has the Worlds fastest average speedIt covers 1,069 kilometers in about three hoursOf course，there are some technical challenges to overcomeThere are so many issues that need to be settled，such as safety，rail gauge(轨距)，main
285、tenance of railway tracksSo，its important to pay attention to every detailBut the key issue is really moneyChina is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansionChina prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capitalinvestmentResources f
286、rom those countries could stream into China to sustain developmentIt11 be a win-win project. For other countries，the railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business，tourism and so on，not to mention the better communication among those countnesFor China，such a project would not
287、 only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much-needed resources，but would also help develop Chinas far westWe foresee that in the coming decades，millions of people will migrate to the western regions，where the land is empty and resources unusedWith high-speed trains，people will set up fa
288、ctories and business centers in the west once and for a11And they11 trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries67Chinas new high-speed railway plan will be a win-win project because AChina will get much-needed resources and develop its western regions BChina and the countries involved wi
289、ll benefit from the project in various ways CChina will develop its railway system and communication with other countries D the foreign countries involved will develop their railway transportation，business and tourism68According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway pla
290、n is Atechnical issues Bsafety of the system Cfinancial problems Dmaintenance of railway tracks69Which of the following words best describes the authors attitude towards Chinas high-speed railway plan? ACritical BReserved CDoubtful D. Positive70Which of the following might be the best title for the
291、passage? ANew Railway Standards BBig Railway Dreams CHighspeed Bullet Trains DInternational Railway Network【答案】BCDB【解析】我国的高铁技术享誉全球。在发展国内高速铁路网的同时，我国制定了更加宏伟的计划，要让高速铁路连接东南亚和欧洲。67B归纳概括题。结合最后两段中的内容可知新制订的高铁计划是双赢工程，无论是对外国还是对中国而言，都可以从中受益，由此可推断B项正确。68C细节理解题。根据倒数第三段和倒数第四段中的内容可知最大的挑战是资金问题。69D作者态度题。结合最后一段的内容可推测
292、作者对这个宏伟计划满怀信心。前三项分别表示“批评的”“保守的”“怀疑的”，都与文章内容不符。70B 主旨大意题。文章首先提出了一个大胆的设想，接着详细叙述了宏伟蓝图的具体内容，最后又展望美好前景，所以B项最能概括文章大意。（ 2022高考英语浙江卷C）The term “multitasking” originally referred to a computers ability to carry out several tasks at one time. For many people, multitasking has become a way of life and even a k
293、ey to success. In fact, some excellent mental aerobic exercises (大脑训练) involve engaging the brain in two or more challenging activities at a time. Although checking e-mail while talking on a phone and reading the newspaper may be second nature for some people, many times multitasking can make us les
294、s productive, rather than more. And studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increased stress, anxiety and memory loss. In order to multitask, the brain uses an area known as the prefrontal cortex (前额叶脑皮层). Brian scans of volunteers performing multiple tasks together show that as they shi
295、ft from task to task, this front part of the brain actually takes a moment of rest between tasks. You may have experienced a prefrontal cortex “moment of rest” yourself if youve ever dialed (拨电话) a phone number and suddenly forgotten who you dialed when the line is answered. What probably occurred i
296、s that between the dialing and the answering, your mind shifted to anther thought or task, and then took that “moment” to come back. Research has also shown that for many volunteers, job efficiency (效率) declines while multitasking, as compared to when they perform only one task at a time. Multitaski
297、ng is easiest when at least one of the tasks is habitual, or requires little thought. Most people dont find it difficult to eat and read the newspaper at the same time. However, when two or more attention-requiring tasks are attempted at one time, people sometimes make mistakes. We often dont rememb
298、er things as well when were trying to manage several details at the same time. Without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in, so it never makes it into our memory stores. That is one of the main reasons we forget peoples names-even sometimes right after they have
299、 introduced themselves. Multitasking can also affect our relationships. If someone checks their e-mail while on the phone with a friend, they may come off as absent-minded or disinterested. It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them. 49. Why are some me
300、ntal aerobic exercises designed to engage people in multitasking? A. To make them more productive. B. To reduce their stress and anxiety. C. To develop their communication skills. D. To help them perform daily tasks more easily. 50. According to Paragraph 2, why may a person suddenly forget who has
301、called? A. He may leave his prefrontal cortex temporarily damaged. B. He is probably interrupted by another task. C. He is probably not very familiar with the person he has called. D. He may need a rest between dialing and speaking. 51. People tend to make mistake when _. A. they perform several cha
302、llenging tasks at a time. B. new messages are processed one after another C. their relationships with others are affected D. the tasks require little thought52. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Multitasking has become a way of life. B. Multitasking often leads to efficiency decline. C. Multi
303、tasking exercises need to be improved. D. Multitasking enables people to remember things better. （ 2022高考英语辽宁卷D）On May 23, 1989, Stefania Follini came out from a cave at Carlsbad, New Mexico. She hadnt seen the sun for eighteen and a half weeks. Stefania was in a research program, and the scientists
304、 in the program were studying body rhythms (节奏)。In this experiment Stefania had spent 130 days in a cave, 30 feet in depth.During her time in the cave, Stefania had been completely alone except for two white mice. Her living place had been very comfortable, but there had been nothing to fell her the
305、 time .shed had no clock or watches , no television or radio. There had been NO natural light and the temperature had always been kept at 21.The results were very interesting. Stefania had been in the cave for over four months, but she thought she had been there for only two. Her body clock had chan
306、ged. she hadnt kept to a 24-hour day, she had stayed awake for 20-25 hours and then had slept for 10 hours. She had eaten fewer meals and had lost 171bs in weight as a result! She had also become rather depressed(抑郁).How had she spent her time in the cave? As part of the experiment shed done some ph
307、ysical and mental tests. Shed recorded her daily activities and the results of the tests on a computer. This computer had been specially programmed for the project. Whenever she was free, shed played cards, read books and listened to music to music. Shed also learned French from tapes.The experiment
308、 showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature .for example, the pattern of day and night makes us wake up and go to sleep. However, people are affected in different ways. Some people wake up naturally at 5:00 am, but others dont start to wake up till 9:00 or 10:00am. This affect
309、s the whole daily rhythm. As a result, the early rises are at their best in the late morning. The late risers, on the other hand, are tired during the day and only come to life the afternoon or evening!68. Stefania stayed in the cave for a long time because_.A. she was asked to do research on miceB.
310、 she wanted to experience lonelinessC. she was the subject of a studyD. she needed to record her life69 What is a cause for the change of Stefanias body clock?A. Eating fewer hours of sleep.B. Having more hours of sleepC. Lacking physical exercise.D. Getting no natural light.70. Where does the text
311、probably come from?A. A novel. B. A news story.C. A pet magazine. D. A travel guide. 【答案】CDB【解析】一位名叫Stefania Follini的女士参加了一个研究项目。她在一个深30英尺的洞穴里生活了130天，终日不见阳光，也没有记时工具。这项研究发现人体的生理节奏与光线和温度有关。68C细节理解题。根据文章的第一段内容可知Stefania Fofiini作为研究对象参与了一项研究试验。故选C。69D推理判断题。根据文章的第二段最后两句和最后一段首句可知，无法计时和没有自然光使她的生理节奏产生了混乱。答案
312、为D。70B推理判断题。这篇文章为读者介绍了一项关于人体生理节奏的研究，应出现在报纸杂志等通俗读物上，故答案为B。 （ 2022高考英语大纲全国I卷C） Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws (爪) on its wings when young. They buil
313、d their homes about 4.6m above the river, an important feature (特征) for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin. In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top
314、, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young. Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak (喙)
315、, they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws. During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy
316、season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.63. What is the text mainly about? A. Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons. B. The relatives and enemies of hoatzins. C. Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon. D. The appearance and living hab
317、its of hoatzins.64. Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that . A. they look like young cuckoos B. they have claws on the wings C. they eat a lot like a cow D. they live on river banks65. What can we infer about primitive birds from the text? A. They had claws to help them climb. B. Th
318、ey could fly long distances. C. They had four wings like hoatzins. D. They had a head with long feathers on the top.66. Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes? A. To find more food. B. To protect themselves better. C. To keep themselves warm.D. To produce thei
319、r young. 【答案】DBAD（ 2022高考英语江西卷E）Every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it. It is not the amazing complexity of television, nor the impressive technology of transport. The universal wonder we share and Experience is our ability to make noises with our
320、 mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each others minds. This ability comes so naturally that tend to forget what a miracle（奇迹）it is.Obviously, the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animals. Of course, some animals have powers just as amazing. Birds can fly thousands o
321、f miles by observing positions of the stars in the sky in relation to the time of day and year. In Natures went show, humans are a species of animal that have developed their own special act. If we reduce it to basic terms, its a ability for communicating information to others, by varying sounds we
322、make as we breathe out.Not that we dont have other powers of communication. Our facial expressions convey our emotions, such as anger, or joy, or disappointment. The way we hold our beads can indicate to others whether we are happy or sad. This is so-called “body language”. Bristling(直立的)fur is an u
323、nmistakable warning of attack among many animals. Similarly, the bowed bead or drooping tail shows a readiness to take second place in any animal gathering.Such a means of communication is a basic mechanism that animals, including human beings, instinctively acquire and display. Is the ability to sp
324、eak just another sort of instinct? If so, how did human beings acquire this amazing skill? Biologists can readily indicate that particular area of our brain where speech mechanisms function, but this doesnt tell us how that part of our bodies originated in our biological history.72. According to the
325、 passage, the wonder we take for granted is .A. our ability to use languageB. the miracle of technologyC. the amazing power of nature D. our ability to make noises with mouth73. What feature of “body language” mentioned in the passage is common to both humans and animals?A. Lifting heads when sad.B.
326、 Keeping long faces when angry.C. Bristling hair when ready to attack.D. Bowing heads when willing to obey.74. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A. Body language is unique to humans.B. Animals express emotions just as humans do.C. Humans have other powers of communication.D. Humans are no differ
327、ent from animals to some degree.75. This passage is mainly about .A. the development of body language.B. the special role humans play in nature.C. the power to convey information to others.D. the difference between humans and animals in language use.【答案】ADDC【解析】本文是一篇议论文。传达信息给别人的能力来自于我们充分运用语言的超凡能力。在某
328、种程度上，人和动物本质上的不同也在于此。72A事实细节题。根据第一段的第三句“The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noise without mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each others minds.”可分析得出答案。选项D只是不够完整的部分细节。73D推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知：A、B项只提到人而不指动物，c项只提到动物而不指人。第三段的最后一句“Similarly, the bowed head or droopin
329、g tail shows ”既提到了人也提到了动物，故D项正确。74D推理判断题。A项片面地强调body language是人类的唯一性，B项错在强调了动物与人类的完全等同，C项错在可以第三段首句直接得出，不需要推断，D项”在某种程度上，人类确实与动物没什么不同。”正确是因为与本段的暗示相吻合。75C主旨大意题。A项是指“肢体语言的发展”，只是将文章的细节扩大；B项“人类在自然界的特殊作用”，不够具体；C项“传达信息给别人的能力”，是文章自始至终所阐述的观点；D项是指“人类与动物在语言应用方面的差异”，是文章的细节，而不是主要阐述的观点。（ 2022高考英语大纲全国I卷D） Science c
330、ant explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure (血压) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer. Any owner will tall you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provid
331、es more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2022 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress (紧张) levels and blood pressure in people - half of them pet owners while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic (算术) or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks a
332、lone, with a husband/wife, a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best. Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room, people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front o
333、f other companions. It seems people feel more relaxed (放松)around pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets dont judge. A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memor
334、ial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program. On average, people lost about I1 pounds, or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better, losing an average of 12 p
335、ounds, more than 15% of their body weight. Dog owners didnt lose any more weight than those without dogs but, say researchers, got more exercise overall-mostly with their dogs - and found it worth doing.67. What does the text mainly discuss? A. What pets bring to their owners. B. How pets help peopl
336、e calm down. C. Peoples opinions of keeping pets. D. Pets value in medical research.68. We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well if . A. he has a pet companion B. he has less stress of work C. he often does mental arithmetic D. he is taken care of b
337、y his family69. According to Allen, why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks? A. They have lower blood pressure. B. They become more patient. C. They are less nervous. D. They are in higher spirits.70. The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that A. peop
338、le with dogs did more exercise B. dogs lost the same weight as people did C. dogs liked exercise much more than people did D. people without dogs found the program unhelpful（ 2022高考英语广东卷C）Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poi
339、soning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly, The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms. Certain microorganisms (微生物) cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganism
340、s can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release (释放) poisons that make people sick. Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepaid. For example, many farmer
341、s spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops. Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms. When pe
342、ople handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with ditty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms
343、 from gnawing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat raid mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are
344、 poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous. Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied.51. Which of the following state
345、ments is NOT true? A. Food when poisoned can make people sick.【答案】BCBDC【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了引起食物中毒的原因与预防措施。51B细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第三句话和最后一段的内容可知食物中毒并不一定意味着死亡，因此B项表述错误。52C细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“The symptoms of food poisoning usuallybegin within hours of eating the poisoned food”可知食物中毒的症状会在几个小时内表现出来。53B细节理解题。文章的第二、三和四
346、段列举了引起食物中毒的原因，没有提到low tempenatures，因此B项为正确答案。倒数第二段的第二句话也是答案提示。54D细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的内容可知不同的食物应当采取不同的处理方法以避免食物中毒。55C细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的内容可知食物中毒也是可以预防的，因此选择C项。【两年模拟】 11、12名校模拟题及其答案2022名校模拟【湖北省八校2022届高三第一次联考】Squirrels often communicate with whistles, chirps and chucks, which sound like the word “chuck” Whist
347、les and chirps are like the sounds that many birds makeNow scientists have translated some of their squirrel-speakHare, a professor of zoology at the University of Maniloha in Winnipeg, and his team managed to record squirrels alarm callsThe researchers studied the sounds and then played them back t
348、o 60 wild squirrels, which the scientists approached individually with a video recorder to capture(抓拍）their reponsesSome squirrels lifted their heads up and becameAlert(警惕的）Creatures that were more frightened simply ran for their lives and dived into cavesIn effect then, whistles that mix with chuck
349、s say theres an enemy of average threat thats here, and whistles without chucks say theres an enemy of seemingly average threat around here somewhere, while pure chirps say, Im hiding here because theres an immediate danger Hare toldDiscovery NewsHare and some other researchers believe such sounds a
350、rc part of an advanced language that develops just as all other communication systemsAlthough squirrels risk their lives when they call out to warn others of threats, other squirrels might admire this behaviour, thus increasingly the callers social status, like humans who look up to heroes. Hare add
351、ed that other animals, such as birds, probably understand at least some squirrel language, since they also may benefit from the alarm calls.In fact, another Canadian study found that deep-voiced, black-capped chickadees have their own language tooAccording to certain research, there are a lot of tid
352、ings in chickadees calls, such as directing fellows activities, keeping in contact between mates, and raising alarmsWhile chickadees and other birds are often welcomed into gardens by homeowners, squirrels are frequently viewed as pests(害兽）. Hare wishes a greater understanding of the complex social
353、lives and communication systems of squirrels will provide “hope that humans will gain a greater appreciation and stop doing harm to these animals”.1The text mainly talks about Athe study on the language of squirrelsBthe comparison between squirrels and chickadeesCthe calling for the protection of sq
354、uirrelsDthe ways for squirrels to escape from their enemies2If a squirrel is in a very dangerous situation, it would probably make _Awhistles with chucks Bpure chirpsCwhistles without chucks Drepeated chucks3The underlined word “tidings” in pardgmph 6 probably means _Adifficulties Bpoises Cmessages
355、Dlanguages4What can be learned from this text?ASquirrels communicate with cach other as humans do.BSome squirrels understand the recorded alarm calls.COther animals also well understand the language of squirrelsDBirds such as chickadees dont have their own language【2022江苏百校联考】 Now in a world piled h
356、igh with smartphones，tablets and e-readers，technology has entered the classroom in ways unimaginable. Taking classes can be fun too. A11 you have to do is swipe your fingers on your phone screen and download same Apps, which can make your study more fun and efficient. Balancing study and play in a c
357、ollege setting has never been easy-and with the following few apps, itll be tough to tell the two apart.EvernoteUse: note-takingCan be used on：Phone/iPad/iPod touch，Android，BlackBerry，PalmOS and Windows Phone 7 Price：free Its hard to imagine that with all the magical gadgets, the eager, studious typ
358、es would still take out a notepad，pencil，and highlighter-and take notes in class. While its not an actual planner or calendar App，if you take notes to stay organized，then Evemote is for you. The main thing about Evernate is that all of your notes are automatically sent into the cloud(云储存平台上)-and the
359、n you can access them from any web-connected computer via the Evemote App or a web browser. Evernote also support audio and photo notes-rather handy if you want to record your lecture or take photos of any projected notes. But，of course, ask for permission first. Wikpanion Use：research database Can
360、be used on：iPhone/Pad/iPod touch Price：free（Wikipanion Plus for4, 99，or 3187 yuan)Now，you dont necessarily have to go to a library or anywhere with computer services to do research work for your paper anymore. You can get access to the research databases just on your smartphone or tablet. Wkipanion
361、gives you a simplified version of Wikipeda without leaving out any of the sites extra features. The normal links that youd see to each section of an article xre no longer on the main screen. Instead，theres a small icon located at the bottom of the app，which can be used to access all the sections of
362、an article. You can also open the links in Safari(苹果)Safari(浏览器)According to the developers site, loading Wikipedia pages with Wikpanion is a lot faster than accessing the Wikipedia site from the iPhones browses. To be honest，we agree. Conquering Bilingual News Listening in 7 Days Use: English learn
363、ing application Can be used on: iPhone/iPad/iPod touch Price：For a limited time you can get the App for only0. 99-half price. Still learning English with a workbook? if so，you are behind the times. Get 21th Century Newspapers new iPhone App，Conquering Bilingual News Listening in 7 Days. When you dow
364、nload the App on your iPhone，you can listen to the hottest bilingual news selected from the newspapers official website(www. i2lst. cn) and read by native speakers. Users can enjoy the audio bilingual news with synchronized subtitles and fantastic pictures while immersed in an authentic language env
365、ironment. With a simple tap，the sentence you choose will be repeated. Conquering Bilingual News Listening in 7 Days has ranked No. 1 on the Chinese education Applist. For a limited time you can get the App for only0. 99-half price.1. This passage mainly aims at_ A, students B, travellers C. advertis
366、ers D. teachers2. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. You can get the last App mentioned for only0. 99-half price. B. Wikipanon is free.of charge. C. Evernote has ranked No. 1 on the Chinese education App list. D. All these three programs are imaginary.3.From the passage，we know that A. st
367、udents would still take out a notepad，pencil，and highlighter to take notes with Evernote B. with Wikpanion，you can record your lecture or take photos of the notes C. accessing the-Wikipedia site from the iPhones browser is a lot faster than loading Wikipedia pages with Wikipanon D with Evernote，all
368、of your notes are automatically sent into the cloud4. Which is the best title? A. How to Be a Studious student? B. Gadgets Make Study Fun C. The Internet Is Very Important in Our Life D. Its Necessary to Have an iPhone【答案与解析】 随着高科技发明渗透到生活中的各个领域，就连校园课堂也不再那么单调乏味。智能应用程序的诞生使得学习者能够更加轻松、高效地汲取知识。1A推理判断题。文章
369、中提到了3种应用程序，在讲述其用途时反复提及studious; take notes in class, record your lecture，do research work for your paper等等，可见该产品的对象是“学生”。2. B推理判断题。Wikipanion(维基百科阅读伴侣）是免费的，但Wikipanion Plus(维基百科Plus版）需4. 99美元。3. D推理判断题。根据Wikipanion部分可知，研发人员网站上介绍，在维基百科阅读伴侣上加载维基百科页面要比使用苹果浏览器访问维基百科快得多，所以C项错误；文章中Evernote部分提到，The main th
370、ing about Evernote is that all of your notes are automatically sent into the cloud.，故D项正确。4. B标题归纳题。本文主要讲的就是应用程序帮助你学习更加轻松、高效，故D正确。【2022三明联考】Its true that quite a few most respected scientific authorities have confirmed that the world is becoming hotter and hotter. Theres also strong evidence that hu
371、mans are contributing to the warming. Countless recent reports have proved the same thing. For instance, a 2022 summary about the climate science by the Royal Society noted that: “The global warming over the last half-century has been caused mainly by human activity.”You may not believe that humans
372、could change the planets climate, but the basic science is well understood. Each year, billions of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere because of human activity. As has been known for years, these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space, wrapping the planet in an i
373、nvisible(看不见的) blanket.Of course, the earths climate has always been changing due to “natural” factors such as volcanic eruption（熔化） or changes in solar, or cycles concerning the Earths going around the sun. According to the scientific research, however, the warming observed by now matches the patte
374、rn of warming we would expect from a build-up of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere not the warming we would expect from other possible causes.Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warming recorded so far, that would give birth to a difficult question. As Robert Henson
375、 puts it: “If some newly discovered factor is to blame for the climate change, then why arent carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be?”The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would
376、 be to run an experiment with two identical Earths one with human influence and one without. That obviously isnt possible, and so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty. 1. In most scientists opinion, the global warming is mainly caused by _. A. solar activ
377、ityB. volcanic activityC. natural factorsD. human factors2. The text is developed by _. A. giving typical examples B. following the order of space C. analyzing a theory and arguing it D. comparing and finding differences3. The underline word “identical” in the last paragraph probably means _. A. tot
378、ally differentB. exactly the same C. extremely importantD. partly independent4. Which of the following can be the best title?A. Are All the Scientists Really Scientific?B. Where Is Global Warming Leading Us to?C. Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming?D. Whats Relation of Global Warming and Gr
379、eenhouse Gases?【答案与解析】这是一篇关于全球气候变暖的文章。文章分析了导致全球变暖的各种原因，并指出人类活动因素是导致气候变暖的主要原因。1.D考查事实细节。根据第一段第二句“heres also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming”(这儿也有强有力的证据表明人类为全球气候变暖做出了“贡献”)可知人类因素是导致气候变暖的主要原因。 human factors(人类因素).。2.C考查综合理解。纵观全文，第一段提出人类活动因素是导致全球气候变暖的主要原因。接下来分析讨论为什么说人类活动可以导致气候
380、变暖。文章就是按这种方式叙述的。analyzing a theory and arguing it(分析理论并进行辩论)符合本文描述方式。3.B考查词义猜测。根据最后一段句意，要用两个同样的地球做实验(一个有人类影响，另一个没有)来证明人类的确应该为全球气候变暖承担责任。exactly the same(极端相似)符合该词词义。4.C标题判断题。文章开始提出人类活动因素导致了全球气候变暖，然后分析讨论为什么人类活动能够导致全球气候变暖。文章通篇都贯穿人类的活动。Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming？(的确是人类导致全球气候变暖吗)符合该文章标
381、题。【2022顺义素质展示】The brown widow spider became established in Southern California in early 2000 and has become part of the local spider family in urban Los Angeles and San Diego.The brown widow spider is continuing its expansion in Southern California and could possibly move northward into Central Cali
382、fornia.The brown widow is suspected to have evolved in Africa although it was first described from South America, which adds confusion as to where it might have originated. It is a tropical and subtropical spider having established populations in Hawaii, Florida, parts of Australia, South Africa and
383、 Japan. In North America, the brown widow was restricted for many decades to the Florida peninsula. However, around the year 2000, it started showing up in other Gulf Coast states. Brown widows are now known from Texas to Georgia and South Carolina.The brown widow builds its web in protected sites a
384、round homes and in woody vegetation with branches. Some typical sites selected by brown widows for web building are empty containers such as buckets and nursery pots, mail boxes, entry way corners, under eaves, storage closets and garages, undercarriages of motor vehicles that are stationary for lon
385、g periods, and the undersides of outdoor furniture. They choose places that are more exposed than sites chosen by black widows and therefore, appear to be at higher risk for interactions with humans as far as bites are concerned. One recent study demonstrates that the brown widow spider is less pois
386、onous than other widow species. The reason for the weaker effect of brown widow bites on humans is possibly because the brown widow does not have much poison as its larger relatives, but it is really a threat to humans as to its poison. The two major symptoms of a brown widow bite were that the bite
387、 hurt when it was given and it left a red mark. These two symptoms are not much different from the bite of normal household spiders. There is no specific information regarding the control of brown widows by farm chemicals. Most current advice is what is used for controlling spiders in general. There
388、fore, most commercially available farm chemicals should work on brown widows. Avoiding a mess of the house and the garage should reduce nest sites for them. Also, one should store garage items in plastic bags where there might be interactions with spiders. These items include rarely worn garments su
389、ch as gardening clothes and gloves, recreational items like sports equipment (i.e., baseball gloves) and other items where spiders can crawl up into holes where fingers can be inserted.1. The author wrote this article to _.A. announce the result of a research on spidersB. introduce the ways to get r
390、id of the spidersC. report a new finding of the widow speciesD. warn readers against the brown widow2. From the passage we can conclude that _.A. brown widows are spreading northwardB. the brown widow originated from AfricaC. brown widows now can be found in all countriesD. there used to be no brown
391、 widows in North America3. The third paragraph is mainly about _.A. the brown widows web buildingB. the characteristics of the brown widowC. the habitat preferences of the brown widowD. the brown widows threaten to human beings4. It can be inferred that _.A. brown widows can be killed with any farm
392、chemicalsB. at present people can only control brown widow spidersC. the brown widow has more poison than the black widowD. victims bitten by the brown widow neednt see the doctor 【答案与解析】 一种褐色的毒蜘蛛正在美国蔓延，其危害不容忽视。更糟糕的是，目前还没有消灭它的方法，只能尽力进行控制和预防。【2022浙江调研】Which is sillier: denying we ever went to the moo
393、n or trying to convince the true nonbelievers?Once upon a time July 20, 1969, to be specific two men got out of their little spaceship and wandered around on the moon for a while. Ten more men walked on the moon over the next three and a half years. The end. Unfortunately, not quite. A fair number o
394、f Americans think that this whole business of moon landings really is a fairy tale. They believe that the landings were a big hoax (骗局) staged in the Mojave Desert, to convince everyone that U.S. technology was the “bestest” in the whole wide world. Which is the harder thing to do: Send men to the m
395、oon or make believe we did? The fact is the physics behind sending people to the moon is simple. You can do it with computers whose entire memory capacities can now fit on chips the size of postage stamps and that cost about as much as, well, a postage stamp. I know you can because we did. However,
396、last fall NASA considered spending $15,000 on a public-relations campaign to convince the unimpressed that Americans had in fact gone to the moon. That idea was mostly a reaction to a Fox television program, first aired in February 2022, that claimed to expose the hoax. The shows creator is a public
397、ity hound (猎狗) who has lived up to the name in more ways than one by hounding Buzz Aldrin, the second man on the moon. Mr. X (as I will call him, thereby denying him the joyous sight of his name in print) recently followed Buzz Aldrin around and called him “a thief, liar and coward” until the 72-yea
398、r-old astronaut finally lost it and hit the 37-year-old Mr. X in the face. Anyway, NASAs publicity campaign began to slow down. The nonbelievers took the campaign as NASAs effort to hide something while the believers said that $15,000 to convince people that the world was round I mean, that we had g
399、one to the moon was simply a waste of money. (Actually, the $15,000 was supposed to pay for an article by James E. Oberg, an astronomy writer who, with Aldrin, has contributed to Scientific American.) If NASAs not paying Oberg, perhaps it could put the money to good use by hiring two big guys to dra
400、g Neil Armstrong out of the house. Armstrong is an extremely private man, but he is also the first man on the moon, so maybe he has a duty to be a bit more outspoken about the experience. Or NASA could just buy Aldrin a commemorate plaque (纪念匾) for his recent touch on the face of Mr. X. 1. We can le
401、arn from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that some Americans believe _. A. moon landings were invented B. U.S. technology was the best C. moon landing ended successfully D. the Mojave Desert was the launching base2. According to the writer, which of the following is to blame for the story about the hoax? A. NASA
402、s publicity campaign.B. The Fox television program. C. Buzz Aldrin. D. James E. Oberg.3. According to the writer, Mr. X _. A. told a faithful story B. was not treated properly C. was a talented creator D. had a bad reputation4. The believers think that NASAs publicity campaign is _. A. proof to hide
403、 the truth B. stupid and unnecessary C. needed to convince the non-believers D. important to develop space technology5. What is implied in the last paragraph? A. NASA should not bother with the non-believers. B. Armstrong was a very private and determined person. C. Armstrong should be as outspoken
404、as Buzz Aldrin. D. NASA should send more astronauts to outer space.6. The tone of the article is _. A. angry B. conversational C. humorousD. matter-of-fact 【雅礼中学2022届高三月考试卷（四）】Several animal species including gorillas in Rwanda and tigers in Bangladesh could risk extinction if the impact of climate
405、change and extreme weather on their habitats is not addressed, a UN report showed on Sunday.Launched on the sidelines of global climate negotiations in Durban, the report by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization shows how higher temperatures, the rise in sea levels, deforestation and
406、excessive land use have damaged the habitats of certain species, especially in Africa.Many ecosystems have already been stressed by increasing population, historical and recent deforestation, unsustainable management practices and even invasive species, Eduardo Rojas-Briales, assistant director gene
407、ral at the FAOs forestry department, said at the launch of the report.The most affected areas include mountains, isolated islands and coastal areas, which limit the possibilities for animals to migrate elsewhere and create new habitats.The remaining populations become enclosed in very small ecosyste
408、ms, they have inbreeding （近亲交配）problems . and at the end these species may disappear, he added.Other examples of affected animals included elephants in Mali, lions in the Serengeti and crocodiles in Malawi.The report said an estimated 20-30 percent of plant and animal species will be at higher risk
409、of extinction due to global warming and a significant proportion of endemic species may become extinct by 2050 as a consequence.Other consequences could include the spread of invasive species and infectious diseases, it said.The report urges more focus on restoration of damaged ecosystems, especiall
410、y those key to tackling （应对）climate change such as mangroves（红树林）, inland waters, forests, savannahs（非洲大草原） and grasslands.The FAO also called for the creation of migration corridors for animals in areas where their movement was constrained.The organization said while more resources were flowing to
411、biodiversity conservation, more action at the government and policy level was needed.It also urged local communities to develop projects that mitigate the impact of climate change on wildlife, naming eco-tourism activities as an example.56. Why are mountains, isolated islands and coastal areas becom
412、ing the most affected areas, according to the passage? A. Because animals there are more likely to migrate to other places and create new habitats.B. Because of higher temperatures and the rise in sea levels there.C. Because it is less possible for animals to move to other places and create new habi
413、tats.D. Because of the spread of invasive species and infectious diseases.57. What does the underlined word “mitigate” in the last paragraph mean?A. Making something become less serious.B. Making use of.C. Developing.D. Moving from one place to another.58. All of the following are true EXCEPT “ ”.A.
414、 The increasing population, historical and recent deforestation, unsustainable management practices and even invasive species have put great pressure on the ecosystem.B. We should pay more attention to the restoration of damaged ecosystemsC. All the plants and animal species will be at higher risk o
415、f distinction due to global warming by 2050.D. For animals living in areas where their movements were limited, we should create more corridors for them.59. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A. There are no resources available to conserve the biodiversity.B. It is the local communities
416、rather than the government that should take measures to protect the species from extinction.C. It is better for the local communities to restrict eco-tourism activities.D. The government should take some measures and some policies should be made to protect the biodiversity though more sources were b
417、eing used for it.60. What is the best title for the passage?A. Animals at riskB. Global warming and its consequencesC. Solutions to animal distinctionD. Animals at risk due to climate change语篇解读：气候变化对野生物带来极大的影响，因为有必要采取措施减轻气候变化。56. C. 细节理解题。根据第四段“The most affected areas include mountains, isolated is
418、lands and coastal areas, which limit the possibilities for animals to migrate elsewhere and create new habitats.”可判断选C项。57. A. 词义猜测题。要求当地发展项目来减轻气候变化对野生物的影响，由此可推断划线词应意为“使某事物变得更不严重”，故选A项。【望城二中2022届高三第四次月考试卷】Holding a cell phone against your ear or storing it in your pocket may be dangerous to your hea
419、lth. This explains a warning that cell phone manufacturers include in the small print that is often ignored when a new phone is purchased. Apple, for example, doesnt want iPhones to come closer to you than 1.5 centimeters; Research In Motion, BlackBerrys manufacturer, recommends 2.5 centimeters.If h
420、ealth issues arise from cell phone use, the possible effects are huge. Voice calls - Americans chat on cell phones 2.26 trillion(万亿)minutes annually - earn $109 billion for the wireless carriers.Devra Davis, an expert who has worked for the University of Pittsburgh, has published a book about cell p
421、hone radiation, “Disconnect.” The book surveys scientific research and concludes the question is not settled.Brain cancer is a concern that Ms. Davis examines. Over all, there has not been an increase in its incidence since cell phones arrived. But the average masks an increase in brain cancer in th
422、e 20-to-29 age group and a drop for the older population.“Most cancers have multiple causes,” she says, but she points to laboratory research that suggests low-energy radiation could damage cells that could possibly lead to cancer.Children are more vulnerable（易受伤的）to radiation than adults, Ms. Davis
423、 and other scientists point out. Radiation that penetrates only five centimeters into the brain of an adult will reach much deeper into the brains of children because their skulls are thinner and their brains contain more absorptive fluid（易吸收的液体）. No studies have yet been completed on cell phone rad
424、iation and children, she says.Henry Lai, a research professor in the bioengineering department at the University of Washington, began laboratory radiation studies in 1980 and found that rats exposed to radiation had damaged DNA in their brains.Ms. Davis recommends using wired headsets or the phones
425、speaker. Children should text rather than call, she said, and pregnant women should keep phones away from the abdomen（腹部）.66. Why is the warning in the small print?A. They dont want the users to pay attention to it.B. There is not enough space for the warning. C. They think people will not care abou
426、t it.D. The warning is not important at all.67. According to Ms Davis, brain cancer increase _. A. among childrenB. among old people C. in the twentiesD. among pregnant women68. Why do children easily be affected by radiation? A. Because they havent grown up. B. Because they are too young to protect
427、 themselves. C. Because they use cell phones more often than adults. D. Because their skulls are thinner and their brains are easily hurt.69. What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A. Pregnant women should keep cell phones away. B. People should use cell phones in the correct way. C. If you a
428、re a child, youd better text than make phone calls.D. When you use a cell phone, use a wired headset or the phones speaker.70. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Be careful when using cell phones. B. Dont hold your cell phone against your ear. C. Rats exposed to radiation have damaged DNA i
429、n their brains. D. Low-energy radiation could damage cells that could lead to cancer.【2022届衡阳八中第三次月考试题】CFor years, there has been a bias（偏见）against science among clinical psychologists. In a two-year analysis to be published in November in Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychologists led by
430、Timothy B. Baker of the University of Wisconsin charge that many clinical psychologists fail to “provide the treatments for which there is the strongest evidence of effectiveness” and “give more weight to their personal experiences than to science.” As a result, patients have no guarantee that their
431、 “treatment will be informed by science.” Walter Mischel of Columbia University is even crueler in his judgment. “The disconnect between what clinical psychologists do and what science has discovered is an extreme embarrassment,” he told me, and “there is a widening gap between clinical practice and
432、 science.”The “widening” reflects the great progress that psychological research has made in identifying the most effective treatments. Thanks to strict clinical trials, we now know that teaching patients to think about their thoughts in new, healthier ways and to act on those new ways of thinking a
433、re effective against depression, panic disorder and other problems, with multiple trials showing that these treatmentsthe tools of psychologybring more lasting benefits than drugs.You wouldnt know this if you sought help from a typical clinical psychologist. Although many treatments are effective, r
434、elatively few psychologists learn or practice them.experience than on science when deciding how to treat a patient. If they keep on this path as insurance companies demand evidence-based medicine, warns Mischel, psychology will “discredit itself.”66. Many clinical psychologists fail to provide the m
435、ost effective treatments because _.A. they are unfamiliar with their patientsB. they believe in science and evidenceC. they depend on their colleagues helpD. they rely on their personal experiences69.In Mischels opinion, psychology will _.A. destroy its own reputation if no improvement is madeB. dev
436、elop faster with the support of insurance companiesC. work together with insurance companies to provide better treatmentD. become more reliable if insurance companies wont demand evidence-based medicine70.What is the purpose of this passage?A. To show the writers disapproval of clinical psychologist
437、s.B. To inform the readers of the risks of psychological treatments.C. To explain the effectiveness of treatments by clinical psychologists.D. To introduce the latest progress of medical treatment in clinical psychology.67.C 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第一句“The widening reflects the great progress that 70.A 推理判断题。纵
438、观全文，文是围绕“临床心理学家对科学长期持有偏见，依赖个人经验对病人进行治疗”展开，以“Mischel”的观点结尾，表明作者不赞同临床心理学家的做法。【2022届福建惠安高级中学第三次月考】BAmerican researchers have developed a technique that may become an important tool in fighting AIDS virus from attacking its target-cells in the bodys defense system. When AIDS virus enters the blood, it s
439、earches for blood cells called T4 lymphocytes ( 淋巴细胞 ). The virus connects to the outside of T4 lymphocytes. Then it forces its way inside. There it directs the cells genetic material to produce copies of the AIDS virus. This is how AIDS spreads.Researchers think they may be able to stop AIDS from c
440、onnecting to T4 cells. When AIDS virus finds a T4 cell, it actually connects to a part of the cell called CD4 protein.Researchers want to fool the virus by putting copies or clones of the CD4 protein into the blood. This way the AIDS virus will connect to cloned protein instead of the real ones. Sci
441、entists use genetic engineering methods to make the clones. Normally a CD4 protein remains on the T4 cell at all times; the AIDS virus must go to it.In a new technique, however, the cloned CD4 protein is not connected to a cell. It floats freely, so a lot more can be put into the blood to keep the A
442、IDS virus away from real CD4 protein on T4 cells. One report says the AIDS virus connects to cloned protein just as effectively as it connects to real protein. That report was based on tests with blood cells grown in labs. The technique is just now beginning to be tested in animals. If successful, i
443、t may be tested in humans within a year.60. The new technique can _. A. cure AIDS B. kill the AIDS virusC. prevent the AIDS virus from spreading D. produce new anti-AIDS cells61. When the AIDS virus enters the blood, it is reproduced by _. A. itself B. the blood cellsC. the CD4 protein D. the geneti
444、c material of T4 lymphocytes62. The AIDS virus connects to cloned protein instead of the real CD4 protein because _.A. cloned protein stays on the T4 cellsB. cloned protein floats freely, and many more can be put into the bloodC. it connects to cloned protein more effectivelyD. cloned protein is mad
445、e by genetic engineering methods63. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. The new technique has been tested in labs.B. The new technique is being tested in animals.C. The new technique may be tested in humans.D. The new technique is now under clinic test.64. The best title for this passa
446、ge is_. A. AIDS-a deadly disease B. A new technique in fighting AIDSC. The spread of AIDS virus D. The cloned CD4 protein答案：60-64 CDBDB62. B细节理解题。根据尾段第二句“It floats freely, so a lot more can be put into the blood to keep the AIDS virus away from real CD4 protein on T4 cells.”可知，艾滋病毒和克隆蛋白而不和CD4蛋白结合的原因
447、在于，更多的可自由移动克隆蛋白被带入血液，故正确答案是B。【2022届福建惠安高级中学第三次月考】DCan we turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed”? Is there power in positive thinking?Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get peop
448、le to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply emphasize how unhappy they areThe studys authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by referring to older research showing that when pe
449、ople get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not betterIf you tell your friend that he may be an Einstein, youre just underlining his faultsIn one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write passages oppos
450、ing funding for the disabledWhen they were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had writtenIn this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students self-esteem（自尊）The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutesEver
451、y 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bellWhen it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable”Those with low self-esteem didnt feel better after the experimentIn fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who werent urged to think p
452、ositive thoughtsThe paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy（心理治疗） that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight themIn the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worseMeditation（静思） techniques, on the contrary, can teach people to put
453、 their shortcomings into a large, more realistic perspective（视野）Call it the power of negative thinking68. The Canadian researchers find that _A. encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than goodB. there can be no simple cure for psychological problemsC. unhappy people cannot think positivelyD
454、. the power of positive thinking is limited69. What does the author mean by “ youre just underlining his faults” （Line 4, Para3）?A. You are not taking his mistakes seriously enoughB. You are pointing out the mistakes he has madeC. You are emphasizing the fact that he is not cleverD. You are trying t
455、o make him feel better about his faults70. What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?A. It is important for people to continually improve their self-esteemB. Thinking positively can bring a positive change to ones moodC. People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true
456、feelingsD. Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem71. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A. The effects of positive thinking vary from person to personB. Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapyC. Different people tend to have different ways of th
457、inkingD. People can avoid making mistakes through meditation究学者的发现，让人们更积极地思考实际上会产生相反的效果，只会起到强调人们多么不开实验者在被迫进行多次自我肯定。根据第五段“Those with low self-esteem didnt feel better after the experimentIn fact, their moods turned significantly darker”可知，自卑的情况并没有得到改善，反而加重了，故正确答案为D项。2022名校模拟1、（福州市2022届高三年级第一次质量检查） Wh
458、o hasnt found themselves reaching for the closest food available when theyre tired and stressed? More and more research is proving that this isnt all in our mindSome foods really do lead to a change in our moods(心情) Carbohydrate(碳水化合物)for calm This is how some people medicate themselves with foodby
459、reaching for cookies or pasta(意大利面食)whenever theyre upsetUnfortunately，it doesnt always workYou must eat a meal consisting of 100carbohydrate，on an empty stomach，to obtain the serotonin(血清素)increase so that you have a good mood To get the wished-For effectyou must not eat anything for four hours and
460、 then eat at least 30 grams of straight carbohydrateDry cereal(谷类食品)，a piece of bread with jam，or a potato should do the trick Protein(蛋白质)for power Of coursesometimes we dont need to be calm and sleepySometimes we need a great deal of mental concentration，so this is when its important to mix protei
461、n and carbohydrateThe protein will prevent the tryptophan(色氨酸)from flooding your brain，and the rise in serotonin wont occur Why dessert makes us happy Fat and sugar cause the brain to let go endorphins(内啡肽)，which send pleasure signals throughout the bodyThis would be fine，except humans are not parti
462、cularly good at stopping at one cookie or cake You can also satisfy your sweet tooth by choosing fruit for dessert Timing your meals for energy Blood sugar drops after four hours of going without food，causing a decrease in energyEating usually fixes this within 20 to 30 minutes，but dont suppose that
463、 eating more willcause a faster increase in energy. When you eat has as much of an effect on your mood as what you eat. If you regularly go for a long period of time between meals，rethink your schedule and plan ahead.(1)The underlined phrase in the third paragraph means_.2、（浙江省温州市2022年高三第一次适应性测试） Ev
464、ery time Brisa shoos for cooking oil，she checks the label to make sure she is not buying genetically-modified(GM转基因) soy oil. I am not sure whether GM food is safe or not. It just sounds scaring. said Brisa，a 47-year-old food safety-conscious Consumer who works in a hospital as an accountant. I pref
465、er non-GM soy oil，although it is more expensive than GM oil. While there has been no evidence to show GM food is harmful to humans, argument about it has arisen after the Ministry of Agriculture gave permission to two pest-resistant(抗病虫的)GM rice varieties and a com variety in November last yeara maj
466、or step in promoting the research and planting of GM crops. Officials，researchers and scientists are divided over whether and when GM food should be put in to market. Supporters and opponents(反对者)have also been facing off over environmental safety and economic security issues. The government has put
467、 food security high in its national development plans. National grain output reached 531 million tons last year，government data showed. But summer grain output fell by 0.3 percent this year to 123.1 million tons because of drought and low temperatures in grain-producing regions. With all increasing
468、population and inure natural disasters. policy makers are eyeing technology as a solution and hoping disease-resistant and high-yield(高产的)crops developed by GM I technology will help solve the growing problem of food shortages. Supporters of GM food believe that such crops will help increase output
469、and reduce the pressure on food supply caused by decreasing farmlands and frequent natural disasters in the world. GM crops have also fewer insects and diseases，which means they are safer for human beings and the environment，they argue. However，opponents say any GM food，as a completely new product.
470、should be absolutely safe before it is made available to the public. They argue that if insects dont eat GM crops，how can you expect people to eat them? In 2022,countries that grew 97of the global GM crops were the United States(53)，Argentina(17)，Brazil (11)，Canada(6)，India(4)，China(3)，Paraguay(2)an
471、d South Africa(1).The next decade will see great progress in GM product development. Technologies for GM foods offer dramatic promise for meeting some of the 21st Centurys greatest challenges. Like all new technologies. they also have some risks, both known and unknown. Debates surrounding GM foods
472、and crops commonly focus on human and environmental safety，labeling and consumer choice，intellectual property rights，food security，poverty reduction，and environmental protection.(1)The argument over GM foods started when_. A. many consumers preferred GM oil B. planting GM crops was permitted C. GM f
473、oods were proved harmful D. no one could solve food problem(2)The underlined phrasefacing offmeans_. A. turning against each other B. supporting each other C. 1poking down on each other D. suspecting each other(3)It is implied in the passage that_. A. GM crops have no diseases B. food shortage is a
474、bin threat C. GM crops reduce the output D. non-GM foods are not safe(4)The writer wishes us to_. A. accept GM foods happily B. reject GM foods bravely C. participate in the debate D. know about the argument【解题导语】转基因食品，是福还是祸?在本文中，作者向我们详细介绍了转基因作物和食物方面的知识，从而让读者自己去探索转基因的是与非。 (1)B 事实细节题。从文章第二段中的“argumen
475、t about it has arisen after the Ministry of Agriculture gave permission.”可知，当农业部允许转基因作物种植后，人们便开始了对转基因食品可能的危害性的争论，所以答案选B项。(2)A词义理解题。从文章第三段内容可知官员、研究人员和科学家就转基因食物是否应该投入市场和什么时候投入市场这个问题产生分歧，同时支持者和反对者在环境安全和经济安全问题上也产生对峙，由此可知face off在文中表示“对峙，和对抗”故选A项。(3)B逻辑推理题。从文章第五段内容可知随着人口的快速增长，自然灾害频繁发生，政策制定者希望转基因技术能生产出抗病的
476、、高产的农作物以此来帮助解决食物短缺的问题。由此可推知食物短缺是个大问题，据此选B项。(4)D作者意图题。从全文可知，作者告诉读者一些人们对转基因作物和食物的争论，但他自己却没阐述自己的观点，由此可知答案选D项。3、（济南市2022届高三教学质量调研） Parents are often amazed at how fast their child grows and develops. New research has determined that the ability to quantify develop much sooner than most parents realize.
477、Kristy vanMarle, professor of the University of Missouri, has determined that contrary to what previous studies have shown, infants(婴儿)are able to quantify substances(物质)like sand or wateras early as 10 months. As long as the difference between the two substances is large enough, infants will choose
478、 the larger amount，especially when it comes to food. With the assistance of her team researchers, vanMarle tested the quantifying skills of babies by presenting them with two cups：one containing a small amount of food, and one containing a larger amount. Consistently, the babies chose the larger amo
479、unt. Several studies throughout the last 15 years have shown that infants are very good at telling how many objects they see；however, infants dont seem to count things like water or sand. vanMarle said. What were saying is that they can quantify substances；its just much harder. The infants can see h
480、ow much food goes into each cup and compare that in their memories. They decide which amount is larger, and they almost always select the larger one. This information further refutes(驳斥)the long-held idea that babies know nothing of the world. vanMarle said. Since psychologists have begun studying i
481、nfants with sensitive measures. weve discovered a 1ot of early abilities. I think for parents, it should be exciting to know that theres somebody in there that has some fundamental and basic knowledge of the world，and that knowledge is guiding their development. vanMarle said. In the future. vanMarl
482、e says this kind of study could be linked to a childs progress in math-related skills, although programs marketed to increase those abilities. such as Baby Einstein，still have mixed reviews when it comes to academic study.(1)The quantifying ability refers to the ability to_.A. choose between differe
483、nt substancesB. get much knowledge of the worldC. identify the quantity of somethingD. obtain math-related skills(2)What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?A. The process of doing research.B. The scientific findings.C. The final choice of infants.D. The observation of infants behavior.(3)Babies c
484、hoose the larger amount of food_.A. by saying numbersB. with the help of parentsC. On personal preferenceD. through their natural abilities(4)We can learn from the text that_.A. some parents dont care about their kidsB. people used to think the world is known to babiesC. little research has been don
485、e on infantsD. scholars have different opinions on baby- training programs(5)Whats the best title of the text?A. Breakthrough in Baby StudiesB. Amazing Baby-training IdeasC. Early Human AbilitiesD. Unique Quantifying Methods4、（2022年安徽省“江南十校”高三联考） Looking back on Chinas road to outer space, people ca
486、n easily find it has not been very smooth. In the past years, Chinese people have made hard and determined efforts to realize the dream their ancestors had for thousands of years. After Chinas first satellite into the Earths orbit in 1970 came four flights of unmanned Shenzhou missions from 1999 to
487、2022.The country carried out its first one-piloted space flight in 0ctober, 2022, making China the third country in the world to have independent human spaceflight ability after the Soviet Union and the United States. Then came another breakthrough oil October 12,2022,when Shenzhou 6, Chinas second
488、human spaceflight, was launched, with a crew of two astronauts. Whats more, the landmark(里程碑)spacewalk done by Zhai Zhigang ,one of the three boarding Shenzhou 7, launched on Sept.25,2022,Leads the country further in its space exploration. Meanwhile, Chinas moon exploration project, started in 2022,
489、 has also been progressing satisfactorily. Fifry years after the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the worlds first man made satellite, Chinas first circumlunar(绕月的)satellite Change l took off on Oct.24,2022,which became another milestone in Chinas space achievements after the. above-men-tioned manned
490、flights. Change l was expected to fulfill four scientific goals, one of which was to probe(探测)mineral elements on the moon, especially those not existent on the Earth. Its said that the 1unar regolith(月壤)is abundant in helium-3, a clean fuel that may support the Earths energy demands for more than a
491、 century. Nearly 3 years later,Oct.1.2022 witnessed the blasting off of Change 2.Chinas 2nd unmanned lunar probe, marking another step forward in moon exploration. This time the aim is to test the key techniques of Change 3 and Change 4, as a preparation for a soft lunar landing in the future. With
492、great expectations, people all over the world are looking forward to Chinas greater space achievements.(1)According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?A. China sent its first satellite into the moons orbit in 1970.B. China is the third country in Asia to make human spaceflight.C. By now, al
493、together 5 astronauts have made successful spaceflight by Shenzhou spaceship.D. The launching of Change l became the third milestone in Chinas space achievements.(2)Paragraph 2 mainly deals with information about Chinas_.A. landmark spacewalk B. manned Shenzhou missionsC. first circumlunar satellite
494、 D. unmanned Shenzhou missions5、（2022年安徽省“江南十校”高三联考） A scientist turns out to be able to see the future by offering each of some four-year-olds a piece of candy and watching how he or she deals with it. Some children reach eagerly for the treat they see. Some last a few minutes before they give in.
495、But others are determined to wait until the last moment. By the time the children reach high schoo1,something remarkable has happened. A survey found that those who as four-year-olds had enough self-control to hold out generally grew up to be more popular, adventurous, confident and dependable. The
496、children who gave in to temptation(诱惑)early were more likely to be lonely. easily frustrated and inflexible(顽固的). Actually, the ability to delay reward is a sign of emotional intelligence which doesnt show up on an IQ test. The hardware of the brain and the software of the mind have long been scient
497、ists concerns. But brain theory cant explain what we wonder about most,like the question why some people remain upbeat in the face of troubles that would sink a less resistant soul. Here comes the theory of Daniel Goleman, writer of Emotional Intelligence：when it comes to predicting peoples Success,
498、 brain ability measured by IQ may actually matter less than the qualities of mind once thought of as character. EQ is not the opposite of IQ. What researchers have been trying to understand is how they work together; how ones ability to handle stress, for instance, affects the ability to concentrate
499、 and put intelligence to use. Among the ingredients (要素)for success, researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20;the rest depends off everything from social class to luck. While many researchers in this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally taken seriously, so
500、me few fear EQ invites misuse.(1)The experiment with the four-year-olds makes it clear that_.A. the age of 4 is a proper time for scientific experimentB. emotional intelligence wont show up until adolescenceC. the ability of self-control plays a role in personal successD. candy can be used to measur
501、e a persons emotional intelligence(2)Which of the following is true of EQ and IQ according to the text?A. The higher a persons EQ is. the higher his or her IQ is.B. The higher a persons IQ is, the higher his or her EQ is.C. Some people can be blessed with lots of both, but some with little of either
502、.D. Scientists have already discovered the way in which EQ and IQ work together.(3)The underlined word upbeat in Paragraph 4 probably means_.A. kind B. floating C. excited D. optimistic(4)Why does the author mention the experiment at the beginning of the text?A. To amuse both the children and reader
503、s.B. To prove the scientists wisdom.C. To introduce the topic of the text.D. To show us how to do an IQ test.(5)What is most likely to be written in the paragraph that follows?A. Information about famous people with high EQ.B. Examples showing the opposite voice about EQ.C. Some reasons why EQ is a
504、relatively new field.D. Strong demands for basic emotional education.【解题导语】 这篇文章讲述了情商所起的重要作用、它与智商的关系以及人们应如何看待。(1)C推理判断题。从文章第二段的第二句可推出答案为C。 (2)C正误判断题。从倒数第二段的第一句EQ is not the opposite of IQ. 可知EQ和IQ并没有相对立的关系，由此可判断C项正确。(3)D猜测词义题。从画线词所在句后面的内容“困难可打倒意志不坚定的人”可猜测出upbeat是“乐观的”意思。(4)C写作意图题。文章从make an experime
505、nt入手，从而引出作者要谈及的话题EQ和IQ。(5)B文章结构题。从文章的最后部分some few fear. EQ invites misuse可推出，下文最有可能谈及少数人对EQ持否定态度的例子。6、（福州市2022届高三年级第一次质量检查） Last weekend,20,000 people gathered in the state of Georgia to watch students from 28 countries compete with robots they built. More than ten thousand students and more than fi
506、ve hundred robots took part in the competition. The students and their robots competed at the FIRST Championship at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. FIRST is the short way of saying the organizations complete name：For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology. Almost 1.700 high school teams
507、entered a level of competition called LUNACY. In January, the organization sent supplies for robots to each team. The teams had six weeks to build robots that could compete in the LUNACY game. The playing area had six robots, three on each team. Each robot had another vehicle, or trailer(拖车)，connect
508、ed to it. The robots had to pick up 1arge balls and throw them into the trailers of opposing robots. The robots were moving on a surface where they could slide. An alliance(联盟)of teams from California，Illinois and Michigan won the LUNACY competition. A second competition involved building a robot th
509、at could travel on uneven surfaces,move objects with unusual shapes and resist physical stress. Another competition was for younger students，aged from 9 to 14.They had to design. build and program robots to explore the Earths climate. American inventor Dean Kamen started FIRST in 1989. The organizat
510、ion holds robot competitions around the world. It offers programs that help young people learn more about science， technology，engineering and mathematics，which build life skills. Many companies provide support to the organization. Mister Kamen says the goal is about more than building robots. He say
511、s the student competitors showed they could deal with difficult technological problems.And.1le says that is good news because the world needs creative thinkers to help with increasingly complex problems in the future.(1)The Robot Competition was organized by_Athe state of GeorgiaBan organization nam
512、ed FIRSTCAmerican inventor Dean KamenDsome companies from California(2)The robots in the LUNACY game are able to_Atravel on uneven surfacesBexplore the Earths climateCthrow balls into the trailersDmove objects with different shapes(3)The main purpose of FIRST is to_Aattract more companies to support
513、 themBhelp students under 8 to be interested in scienceCteach students how to build robots on the spotDhelp young people learn science as well as life skills(4)The underlined word that in the last paragraph refers toAthe goal of building robotsBthe students ability to deal with technological problem
514、sCthe goal of the student competitorsDsomething about technological problems7、（郑州市2022年高中毕业班第二次质量预测） Why do men live a shorter life than women? The latest research indicates that mens hearts going into a rapid decline when they reach middle age could be the cause. The research of ageing on the heart
515、 has shown that womens longevity may be linked to the fact that their hearts do not lose much pumping power with age. “We have found that the power of the male heart falls by 20 percent-25 percent between 20 and 70 years of age,”said the head of the study, Samantha of Liverpool John Moores Universit
516、y in the UK. “Within the heart there are millions of cells which make it beat. Between the ages of 20 and 70,one-third of those cells die and are not replaced in men, ”said Samantha. This is part of the ageing process. What amazes scientists is that the female heart suffers very little loss of these
517、 cells. A healthy 70-year-old womans heart could work almost as perfectly as a 20-year-old ones. “This gender(性别)difference might give the reason why men live shorter than women. ” said Samantha. They studied over 250 healthy men and women between the ages of 17 and 80,who are mainly healthy persons
518、 so as to reduce the influence of disease. “The team has yet to think about why ageing suffers a greater loss on the male heart. ”said Samantha. But there is also good newsmen can enjoy the health of their hearts with regular exercise. Samantha stressed that women should also take regular exercise t
519、o stop their leg muscles getting weaker as they age.(1)The underlined word longevity in the second paragraph means_.A. health B. long life C. ageing D. effect(2)The text mainly talks about_.A. mens heart cells B. womens ageing processC. the gender difference D. hearts and long life(3)According to th
520、e text, the UK scientists have known that_.A. men have fewer cells than women when they are bornB. women can produce the cells that make the heart beatC. the female heart suffers less loss of the cells with ageD. women will never suffer the loss of pumping power with age(4)If you want to live a long
521、 life. you should_.A. enable your heart to beat much fasterB. think about the reason for ageingC. take regular exerciseD. stop your cells from being lost8、（南昌市2022年高三年级第一次模拟考试） CHICAGO(Reuters)Smoking not only can wrinkle(起皱纹)the face and turn it yellowit can do the same to the whole body. researche
522、rs reported on Monday. The study，published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the bodyeven the skin protected from the sun. We examined non-facial skin that was protected from the sun, and found that the total number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day and
523、 the total years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced. Dr. Yolanda Helfrich of the University of Michigan,who led the study, said in a statement. In participants older than 65 years, smokers had significantly more fine wrinkling than nonsmokers. Similar
524、 findings were seen in participants aged from 45 to 65 years, Helfrichs team added in their report. The researchers tested 82 people, smokers and nonsmokers, taking pictures of the inner fight alms. They ranged in age from 22 to 9l and half were smokers. Independent judges decided how wrinkled each
525、persons skin was. When skin is exposed to sunlight, notably the face, it becomes coarse. wrinkled and discolored with a pale yellow tint. Helfrichs team wrote. Several previous studies have found that cigarette smoking contributes to premature(过早的)skin aging as measured by facial wrinkles, the study
526、 said, but little has been done to measure the aging of skin not exposed to light. The report did not discuss the mechanism involved but previous research has found that cigarette smoke, among other things, causes blood vessels(血管)beneath the skin to constrict(紧缩), reducing blood supply to the skin.
527、 Smoking can also damage the connective tissue that supports both the skin and the internal organs.(1)When your skin is exposed to sunlight long, it becomes all of the following but_.A. flexible B. coarse C. wrinkled D. discolored(2)How wrinkled a persons skin is doesnt relate to_.A. the number of c
528、igarettes a person smokesB. the kind and characteristics of skinC. how long a person smokesD. how long skin is under sunlight(3).From the passage smoking results in skin aging mainly because_.A. it will lower blood supply to skinB. it can make you feel tiredC. it can make skin come offD. it can make
529、 blood run faster(4)The main purpose of the passage is to_.A. inform people about the result of the studyB. advise people how to protect skinC. warn people not to smoke againD. introduce a new way of avoiding skin aging9、（南京市2022届高三第一次模拟考试） Environmentalists said our planet was doomed to die. Now on
530、e man says they are wrong. Everyone knows the planet is in bad shape, thundered a magazine article last year. Species（物种）are being driven to die out at record rates, and the rivers are so poisonous that fish are floating on the surface, dead. But theres a growing belief that what everyone takes for
531、granted is wrong: things are actually getting better. A new book is about to overturn our most basic assumptions about the worlds environment. Rivers, seas, rain and the atmosphere are all getting cleaner. The total amount of forests in the world is not declining. The Skeptical Environmentalist by B
532、jorn Lomborg, professor of statistics at the University of Aarhus in Denmark, is an attack on the misleading claims of environmental groups, and the bad news culture that makes people believe everything is getting worse. Now the attacks are increasingly coining from left-wing environmentalists such
533、as Lomborg, a former member of Greenpeace. The accusation is that, although the environment is improving, green groups with profits of hundreds of mil-lions of pounds a year are using scare tactics(谋略)to gain donations. Lomborgs book doesnt deny global warming probably the biggest environmental thre
534、at but destroys almost every other environmental claim with many official statistics. The Worldwatch Institute claims that deforestation has been accelerating over the last 30 years. But Lomborg says that is simply rubbish. Since the dawn of agriculture the world has lost about 20 per cent of its fo
535、rest cover, but in recent decades the forest areas depleting has come to a stop. According to UN figures, the area of forests has remained almost steady, at about 30 per cent of total land area, since the 1940s. Forests in countries such as the US, the UK and Canada have actually been expanding over
536、 the past 40 years. Despite all the warnings the Amazon rainforest has only shrunk（缩小）by about 15 per cent. Nor are all our species dying out. Some campaigners claim that 50 per cent of all species will have died out within 50 years. But other studies show only 0.08 per cent of species are dying out
537、 each year. Conservation efforts have been successful. Whales are no longer threatened and the bald eagle is off the endangered list. Environmental groups claim that many of the improvements are the results of the success of their campaigns. Stephen Tindale, director of Greenpeace UK, said, There ar
538、e important examples, such as acid rain and ozone, where things arent as bad as predicted, and thats because behavior has changed.(1)In his book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, what is Lomborgs main argument?AOur planet is in bad shape.BThe worlds environment is improving.CThe total amount of fores
539、ts in the world is not declining.DConservation efforts have been successful.(2)What is Lomborgs main accusation of environmentalists?AThey scared people into making donations.BThey overturned our basic assumptions about the worlds environment.CThey changed their behavior toward the environment.DThey
540、 only told people bad news about the environment.(3)The underlined word depleting in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to _.Areducing BlimitingCexpandingDaccelerating(4)According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?AThe total area of forests in the world has increased significa
541、ntly.BThe effects of global warming are not as bad as first expected.CIt appears that the bald eagle will now survive.DIn the last 50 years the number of whales has increased.【解题导语】 “环境一直在变坏，我们的星球末日将要来临”，这是环保主义者们发出的警告，然而 Lomborg 的新书却提出了完全相反的观点，他批驳了环保主义者们耸人听闻的言论。 (1)B 本题考查细节理解。根据文章第一段与第三段可知 Lomborg 在
542、 The Skeptical Environmentalist 中的观点 (argument) 是环境状况正在改善，因此选项B正确，C项只是他观点的一部分，不全面，故排除。10、（山东省烟台市2022届高三调研测试） If cars had wings, they could fly and that just might happen, beginning in 2022The company Terrafugia, based in Woburn, Massachusetts, says it plans to deliver its car-plane, the Transition,
543、to customers by the end of 2022. Its the next wow vehicle, said Terrafugia vice president Richard Gersh. Anybody can buy a Ferrari, but as we say, Ferraris dont fly. The car-plane has wings that unfold for flying a process the company says takes one minute and fold back up for driving. A runway is s
544、till required to take off and land. The Transition is being marketed more as a plane that drives than a car that flies, although it is both. The company has been working with FAA to meet aircraft regulations, and with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to meet vehicle safety regulati
545、ons. The company is aiming to sell the Transition to private pilots as a more convenient and cheaper way to fly. They say it saves you the trouble from trying to find another mode of transportation to get to and from airports: You drive the car to the airport and then youre good to go. When you land
546、, you fold up the wings and hit the road. There are no expensive parking fees because you dont have to store it at an airport you park it in the garage at home. The car-plane is designed to fly primarily under 10,000 feet. It has a maximum takeoff weight of 1,430 pounds, including fuel and passenger
547、s. Terrafugia says the Transition reduces the potential for an accident by allowing pilots to drive under the bad weather instead of flying into marginal（临界的）conditions. The Transitions price tag: 194,000. But there may be additional charges for options like a radio, a transponder or a GPS. Another,
548、 option is a full-plane parachute. If you get into a very awful situation, it is the necessary safety option, Gersh said. So far, the company has more than 70 orders with deposits. Were working very closely with them, but there are still some remaining steps, Brown said.(1)We can learn from the firs
549、t two paragraphs that _.Acar-planes will be popular in 2022Bpeople might drive a car-plane in 2022Cboth the Transition and Ferrari can take off and landDRichard Gersh is the vice president of Massachusetts(2)It takes the car-plane one minute to _.Afold and unfold its wingsBunfold wings for flyingCla
550、nd in the airportDmeet flying safety regulations(3)According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?AThe car-plane needs a runway to take off and land.BTo meet aircraft regulations, the company has been working with FAA.CThe car-plane may fly as high as normal planes.DPeople can park the
551、 car-plane in the garage at their home.(4)The underlined word it in the last but one paragraph refers to _.Athe radio Bthe transponderCthe GPS Dthe full-plane parachute(5)Whats the best title for the passage?ACars with wings maybe just around the cornerBWhich to choose: a Ferrari or a car-plane?CA m
552、ore convenient and cheaper way to flyDCars with wings can fly as fast as planes【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析【原创】Weather changes when the temperature and the amount of water in the atmosphere change. We can see and feel water coming from the atmosphere when we have rain. But the water must somehow get back to the
553、atmosphere. Meteorologists call this the water cycle.There are many stages in the water cycle. Rain falls when water vapour in clouds condenses(冷却成液体). Drops of water form and fall to the ground. The water soaks into the ground and feeds streams and rivers. A lot of rain falls into the sea. The heat
554、 of the sun evaporates some of the water in the ground and in the rivers, lakes and the sea. It changes the liquid water into water vapour. The vapour rises onto the air. Water vapour is normally invisible. On a very damp or humid day, however, you can sometimes see water vapour rising from a puddle
555、 or pond in a mist above the water. Water vapour also gets into the air from living things. Trees and other plants take in water through their roots and give off water vapour from their leaves. People and land animals drink water and breathe out water vapour. In all these ways the water returns to t
556、he air. There it gathers to form clouds and condenses to form rain. The rain falls to earth, and the cycle starts again. It contains even if snow or hail fall instead because both eventually melt and form water. The amount of water vapour is more in the air tropics than in the cold polar regions.【文章
557、大意】本文是一篇科技说明文。文章讲述了自然界水循环的原理和过程。( ) 48. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Water cycle. B. Water vapour.C. How rain forms. D. Water, vapour, rain.【答案】A【解析】根据第一段的中心句“Meteorologists call this the water cycle”可知：文章讲述的是有关“水循环的问题”。故选A。【考点定位】考查文章的主旨、要义( ) 49. How many ways of the water returning to t
558、he air are discussed in the text?A. Three B. Four C. Five D. Six【答案】B【解析】根据文章中的1. The heat of the sun evaporates some of the water in the ground. 2. The heat of the sun evaporates some of the water the rivers, lakes and the sea.3. Trees and other plants take in water through their roots and give off
559、 water vapour from their leaves.4. People and land animals drink water and breathe out water vapour.可知为4种。故选B。【考点定位】考查细节理解 ( ) 50. Whether water vapour can be seen or not depends on_.A. how much water is evaporatedB. how good your eyes are C. in which way water is evaporatedD. climate or weather ( )
560、 51. From the passage, we get to know_.A. there is more water vapour in the air tropics than in cold polar regionsB. there is more water vapour in the air in cold polar region than in the tropicsC. it gets more rain in the tropics than in cold polar regions because there is less vaporD. the amount o
561、f water vapour in the air depends on how often it rainsMalaria, the worlds most widespread parasitic (寄生虫引起的)disease, kills as many as three million people every year - almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result fr
562、om the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people dont (or cant) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like T
563、anzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long. Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasite
564、s live by eating the red blood cells they infect (感染) .They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesnt kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease is passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of a parasite. Together
565、, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth and one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are p
566、assing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. Some of the diseases spread is due to global warming.For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfo
567、rtunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.1. According to p
568、aragraph I, many people dont seek care because . A. they are too poor B. it is unusual to seek care C. they can remain unaffected for long D. there are too many people suffering from the disease2. People suffering from malaria . A. have to kill female mosquitoes B. have ability to defend parasites C
569、. have their red blood cells infected D. have sudden fever, followed by chills3. Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease? A. Its resistance to global warming. B. Its ability to pass on the virus frequently. C. Its outbreaks in cities with large populations. D. Its
570、 ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.4. It can be inferred from the passage that . A. no drugs have been found to treat the disease B. the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people C. malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites D. nobody knows what will be the
571、drug to treat the disease5. Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage? A. How can we know one is suffering from malaria? B. How many people are killed by malaria each year? C. Why are there so many people suffering from malaria? D. What has been done to keep people unaff
572、ected for long?导读 这是一篇介绍医学科普常识的说明文。本文主要介绍疟疾病的起因、传播、危害与治疗。疟疾（Malaria）是世界上传播最广泛的寄生虫引起的病，每年都要使三百万人致命几乎全是5岁以下的孩子，并且是贫穷的非洲人。疟疾病本身有很多基因，对于各种新药物具有抵抗性，所以目前还没有找到根治疟疾病的最佳治疗方法和药物。1. A。细节事实理解题。见第1段第2-3句：. because many people dont (or cant) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred
573、dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. (多年来，有5亿多病例由这种病引起的，虽然确切的数字难以估计，) 因为许多人不去寻求（或不可能）医疗护理。这种情况对于一个年收入不到200美元的家庭并非不同寻常，因为要治疗疟疾病，就花去年收入的四分之一，并且他们时常所得到的不再有效。 5. D。细节事实理解题。A项见第2段第1句：Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, wh
574、ich are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches；B项见第1段第1句：. kills as many as three million people every year almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African.；C项见第2段第3句：Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs h
575、as made it nearly impossible to control.；又见第1段第2句：. because many people dont (or cant) seek care.；D项没有提到。Clay is found almost everywhere in the worldIt is formed by the action of wind and water on rocks over thousands of years Clay is important because it is used around the world to make containers
576、of all kindsPotters(陶工)add water to soften the clay，making it easier to form into shapes by hand or by ma-Clay is found almost everywhere in the world. It is formed by the action of wind and water on rocks over thousands of years. The rocks change in both chemical and physical ways. Chemically, elem
577、ents like potassium and aluminum are added and taken away. Physically, the rocks break down into smaller and smaller pieces. After a long time, some of the rock changes to clay.Clay is important because it is used around the world to make containers of all kinds. Potters add water to soften the clay
578、. This makes it easier to form into shapes by hand or by machine. Then it is fired in an extremely hot stove. The result is a container with a hard surface that will last for many years.In many countries, clay was formed from volcanoes. This kind of clay usually contains many minerals. So the fires
579、to make containers from volcanic clay must be hotter than those used for non-volcanic clay. The fires may be as hot as one thousand four hundred degrees Celsius.It is also important to dry the clay containers slowly. This means that the highest temperature should not be reached too fast.You can add
580、materials to clay to gain desired results. For example, you can add sand to prevent tiny breaks or lines from forming in the finished product. But you should not use sand from the coasts of oceans. Instead, you should use sand from rivers or from other areas of land that are not near the sea.You can
581、 usually find good clay in low areas of islands or land, especially if volcanoes helped form the land. Clay often exists in fields covered with some water. The clay will be found about one meter below the ground. River banks often also have clay about one meter or less under the surface.You can reco
582、gnize clay because it is very shiny when it is wet. You can also perform a test. Take some of the material and add enough water to it to make it seem like you are making bread. Then press it in your hand until it is about the size of an egg. It is probably clay if it holds together instead of fallin
583、g apart when you stop pressing. 1 Why is clay important worldwide? AIt contains an important element BIt is made into various containers CIt can be of any shape and colorDIt can be used for many years2 Volcanic clay requires higher temperature because A it is collected from soil B it usually contain
584、s more sand C it usually contains many minerals D it is used to make larger containers 3What is the right order of making a container? a. soften the clay with water bheat it in a very hot stove slowy ccollect fine clay deep under the earth dmake the clay intoa certain shape Aa，b，c，d Bd，c，b，a Cb，a，d，
585、c Dc，ad，b 4Why can we add other materials to clay? ATo gain some desired results Bto produce lines in the container CTo make it last longer DTo make it stronger5What does the author tell us in the last paragraph? ATips for us to pass a test BThe process to make breadCProper ways to recognize clayD W
586、here we can find good clay【语篇定位】本文为科普说明文，介绍了有关黏土的情况包括黏土的作用、产生环境、判断方法等。Imagine that you have to walk through a deadly，burning rain every dayYour only protection is an umbrella，one perfectly designed to keep off the raindropsCan you just picture how precious that umbrella would be to you?Can you imagi
587、ne the sheer stupidity of damaging the umbrella，perhaps even cutting holes in it?Yet，mankind is in a similar situation on a global scaleOur planet is bathed in a steady rain of the sunS raysWhile most of these rays are benefi-cial，bringing heat and light to our world，a small percentage are quite dea
588、dlyThey are called ultraviolet-B，or UV-B rays，and if all were to reach EarthS surface，they would kill everythingliving thereHappily，our planet was designed with an“umbrella”shielding US from these rays，an umbrella called the ozone layerUnhappily，mankind is destroying that umbrellaOzone occurs natura
589、lly in the stratosphere(平流层)，absorbing the dangerous UV-B rays while allowing the needed and safe light to pass throughFurthermore，while ozone is easily bro-ken down by other gases in the stratosphere it is constantly being created by the suns raysSo it is a selfrepairing shieldQuite a design!The pr
590、oblems arise when man starts to inject his own industrial gases into this delicate sys-temThen ozone is destryed faster than the suns rays can produce it In 1974 scientists beganto suspect that CFCs(含氯氟烃)are ozone-destroying gasesYet，these CFCs are everywhereThey are used to make aII kinds offoamed(
591、泡沫)plastic productsThey are used as coolants inair conditioners and refrigerators，and as solvents(溶剂)to clean electronic equipmentRecalled one scientist who reported the danger”There was no moment when I yelled“Eureka!(我发现了!)”I just came home one night and told my wife，The work is goingvery well，but
592、 it looks like the end of the world” 1What is mainly discussed in the passage? AHow to protect the ozone layer B What the ozone layer does to us CWhat damage is done to the ozone layerD How the ozone layer works 2In the first paragraph，the author intends to Amake a emnparison between two similar thi
593、ngs Bdirect readers to the topic of the passage Cask readers to think about a commonly overlooked question Dpoint out the stupidity of mankind 3Which of the following is considered to destroy the ozone layer? AUltraviolet-B B The stratosphere CCFCs DFoamed plastic products4When the author says”Quite
594、 a design!”，he really means Athe ozone layer is v。ry well designed Bthe ozone layer coil shield us from harmful rays Cthe ozone layer lies in the stratosphere Dthe ozone layer can repair itself 5Which of the following best describes the feeling of the scientist mentioned in the last paragraph? AWorr
595、ied BContradictedCExcited D Frightened【语篇定位】本文是一篇科技说明文，介绍了臭氧层的重要性以及其遭受的破坏。【答案与解析】1C主旨大意题。文章虽然介绍了臭氧层的形成及其保护地球的重要作用，但主要还是介绍其遭受的破坏，文章的重心在后半部分。2B推理判断题。作者在第一段通过雨伞的例子形象地说明了臭氧层的重要作用，然后说人类正在破坏臭氧层，而这正是文章的中心，因此其目的是导人文章的话题。3C细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段中的 In 1974 scientists beganto suspect that CFCs(含氯氟烃)are ozone-destroyin
596、g gases可得到答案。4D细节理解题。从文章第三段可知，作者是在介绍了臭氧层的自我修复能力以后，发出了“赞叹”，因此D项正确。5A推理判断题。科技发明带来的后果是环境破坏，甚至是整个世界的毁灭，因此科学家很是”担忧”。【考点预测】 2022高考预测预测一 高考阅读理解所选材料通常都是国外网站上的地道的英语文章，然后经过命题专家整合、改编而成。文章主要介绍国内外的文化风俗、历史名胜、人文地理、著名人物等。预测二 文章的篇幅较短，词数多为280330，兼顾多种体裁，通常有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，要求考生充分利用所给信息，回答文章提出的问题。通常文章难度不大，关键是考查考生高效处理信息
597、的能力，还要求考生对文章有更深层次的理解。但是题目并不容易，很容易出错。全国卷的命题逐渐向地方自主命题卷，尤其是新课标地区的试卷看齐，不断增加词汇量和文章长度，向新课标过渡。预测三 题目设置灵活多样，通常以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，兼顾猜测词义、句意题及目的意图题和主旨大意题。这种命题特点要求考生更好地了解文章中的有用信息，提高阅读速度。【母题特供】每个专题最典型试题The term “multitasking” originally referred to a computers ability to carry out several tasks at one time. For m
598、any people, multitasking has become a way of life and even a key to success. In fact, some excellent mental aerobic exercises (大脑训练) involve engaging the brain in two or more challenging activities at a time. Although checking e-mail while talking on a phone and reading the newspaper may be second n
599、ature for some people, many times multitasking can make us less productive, rather than more. And studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increased stress, anxiety and memory loss.In order to multitask, the brain uses an area known as the prefrontal cortex (前额叶脑皮层). Brian scans of volunt
600、eers performing multiple tasks together show that as they shift from task to task, this front part of the brain actually takes a moment of rest between tasks. You may have experienced a prefrontal cortex “moment of rest” yourself if youve ever dialed (拨电话) a phone number and suddenly forgotten who y
601、ou dialed when the line is answered. What probably occurred is that between the dialing and the answering, your mind shifted to anther thought or task, and then took that “moment” to come back. Research has also shown that for many volunteers, job efficiency (效率) declines while multitasking, as comp
602、ared to when they perform only one task at a time. Multitasking is easiest when at least one of the tasks is habitual, or requires little thought. Most people dont find it difficult to eat and read the newspaper at the same time. However, when two or more attention-requiring tasks are attempted at o
603、ne time, people sometimes make mistakes.We often dont remember things as well when were trying to manage several details at the same time. Without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in, so it never makes it into our memory stores. That is one of the main reasons
604、we forget peoples names-even sometimes right after they have introduced themselves. Multitasking can also affect our relationships. If someone checks their e-mail while on the phone with a friend, they may come off as absent-minded or disinterested. It can also cause that person to miss or overlook
605、key information being passed on to them.49. Why are some mental aerobic exercises designed to engage people in multitasking?A. To make them more productive. B. To reduce their stress and anxiety.C. To develop their communication skills. D. To help them perform daily tasks more easily.50. According t
606、o Paragraph 2, why may a person suddenly forget who has called?A. He may leave his prefrontal cortex temporarily damaged.B. He is probably interrupted by another task.C. He is probably not very familiar with the person he has called.D. He may need a rest between dialing and speaking. 51. People tend
607、 to make mistake when _.A. they perform several challenging tasks at a time.B. new messages are processed one after anotherC. their relationships with others are affectedD. the tasks require little thought52. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Multitasking has become a way of life.B. Multitaski
608、ng often leads to efficiency decline.C. Multitasking exercises need to be improved.D. Multitasking enables people to remember things better.即”一心多用”导致工作效率低下的原因，由此推断B项是最佳选项。In some children who go blind,certain parts of the brain that normally control vision appear to switch jobs and focus instead on
609、sound,a new study has found.The study,by researchers at the University of Montreal,involved 7 adults who could see and 12 adults who had lost their vision when they were children.Each participant sat in a room with 16 loudspeakers at different locations.The room was designed so that there were no ec
610、hoes.During the experiment,the speakers irregularly produced sounds.Participants had to point to where the sounds were coming from.Meanwhile,the researchers monitored blood flow in the brains of the participants to see which brain structures were working during the task.The results showed that five
611、of the blind participants were very good at pointing to where sounds were coming from.In these people,blood flow increased in the visual cortexan area at the back of the right side of the brain.This part of the brain is usually associated with vision.The other seven blind participants showed no incr
612、ease in activity in the visual cortex.These people didnt do very well at picking out where sounds were coming from.Now,the researchers are looking at whether these people have gained an enhanced sense of touch instead of sound to replace their lost vision.The scientists say that their study shows ho
613、w adaptable parts of the brain can be.72.The purpose of the experiment described in the passage is to find whether_.A.blind children can regain their sightB.blind people have a better sense of soundC.the sense of touch is better among blind peopleD.blood flow in the brains of blind people is slower7
614、3.The participants of the experiment were asked_.A.to tell the difference between 16 soundsB.to take down the time each sound lastedC.to identify the direction the sound came fromD.to detect the number of the loudspeakers.74.During the experiment,blood flow in the brains of the participants was meas
615、ured in order to_.A.learn about the way they react to echoesB.look for the way of enhancing hearing abilityC.find which parts of the brain were functioningD.expose the relationship between seeing and touching75.Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A.Most bli
616、nd people have a well-developed sense of touch.B.People go blind because of the breakdown of their visual cortex.C.Most blind people have a better sense of sound than normal people.D.Human brains can adjust themselves after the loss of a certain function.答案解析72.【答案】B【解析】这是一道细节推断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Now,the researchers are looking at 112
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