1、单元综合检测(三).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)AMore than one million singleuse straws (吸管)，most of them plastic，are used in the United States each day.They end up in waterways，harm sea animals，and break down into microplastics.Quantities of places have passed plasticstraw bans as a way to start handling the
2、global plastic waste problem.Straw materials：advantages and disadvantages1MetalMade of stainless steel，aluminum，or even titanium，metal straws have become popular.They draw some criticism for having a metallic taste and conducting heat from a hot drink，but theyre strong and can be reused.2PaperPaper
3、drinking straws，which date from the late 1800s，often absorb liquid over time and can leave a taste or fibres in drinks.Theyre the most popular throwaway choice in places with plasticstraw bans.3GlassThough glass straws may be more breakable and thus less portable than reusable straws of other materi
4、als，they hold up well to washing and reuse.Some straws are made to look artistic，with colours and blownglass designs.4BambooThis natural material can be sustainably produced and is a plantbased replacement of plastic straws.Bamboo straws are easily disposed of and turned into fertilizer.They are reu
5、sable but can be hard to clean completely and may absorb flavours.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出塑料吸管进入海洋后会威胁到海洋动物的生存。文章还介绍了金属吸管、纸吸管、玻璃吸管、竹子吸管的优缺点。1What is the major problem with plastic straws?AFunction.BFlavour.CWeight.DPollution.D细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“They end up in waterways，harm sea animals，and break down into m
6、icroplastics.Quantities of places have passed plasticstraw bans as a way to start handling the global plastic waste problem.”可知，它们最终进入水道，危害海洋动物，并分解成塑料微粒。许多地方已经对塑料吸管发布了禁令，以此作为开始处理全球塑料垃圾问题的一种方式。因此塑料吸管的主要问题是它们会带来污染。故选D。2Which of the following belong to singleuse straws?AMetal straws.BPaper straws.CGlas
7、s straws.DBamboo straws.B细节理解题。根据Paper部分中的“Theyre the most popular throwaway choice in places with plasticstraw bans.”可知，在禁止使用塑料吸管的地方，它们是最受欢迎的一次性吸管，即纸吸管属于一次性吸管，题干中的singleuse与文中的throwaway是同义表达。故选B。3What is the advantage of the bamboo straw?AIt can become fertilizer.BIt is easy to clean.CIt is portabl
8、e and bendable.DIt has different designs.A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Bamboo straws are easily disposed of and turned into fertilizer.”可知，竹吸管很容易被处理成为肥料。因此，竹制吸管的优势在于它们可以变成肥料。故选A。BOlivia Ries was just seven years old when she and her eightyearold brother Carter adopted a cheetah(猎豹) in South Africa.“When my sister
9、 and I first learned back in 2009 that species like the cheetah may be extinct in the wild by the time we have kids，it scared us.We knew we had to do something to help them，” says Carter.“There are so many people (young and old alike) who just dont know what is happening to so many species，just like
10、 we didnt.Olivia and I want to make sure we reach as many people around the world as possible and help them to understand how serious the situation really is.”To do that，the kids started One More Generation (OMG)，an organization with the motto：“Preserving endangered species for one more generation a
11、nd beyond.”Now，ten years later，Olivia and Carter have travelled all over the world spreading their message.Theyve been interviewed on national television，participated in marches and fundraisers and won awards for their work.In 2015，they were invited to Vietnam by the United States Embassy to partici
12、pate in a programme to save rhinos.All that theyve accomplished for animals and the environment is much too long to list!“Our number one message to everyone we meet is Remember，anyone can make a difference；if we can，you can too，” says Olivia.“We want all people to understand that what Carter and I a
13、re doing is not necessarily something special；it is something that we all should be doing.You can start small by simply adopting an animal.Do some research on the species you are interested in，and find a good organization offering adoptions.My brother and I take our birthday money and allowance mone
14、y and adopt animals all the time.”【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了兄妹俩在了解到猎豹可能会灭绝后，通过自己的方式成立组织来号召人们关心濒危动物，鼓励人们从小事做起，来帮助濒危动物。4How did Olivia and Carter feel when learning cheetahs faced extinction?AAngry and guilty.BShocked and concerned.CAnxious and helpless.DHopeful and determined.B细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，当Olivia和Car
15、ter知道猎豹可能会灭绝时他们很震惊，也很担心，想要尽自己的力量来帮助它们。shocked and concerned(震惊和担心)符合以上说法，故选B。5What does the underlined word“that” refer to in Paragraph 3?AHelping endangered species survive.BTelling people the situation cheetahs face.CMaking the situation of dying species known.DCalling on people to adopt endangere
16、d species.C代词指代。根据第二和第三段可知，Olivia和她的哥哥想让世界上尽可能多的人知道濒危动物现在的处境相当糟糕。为了做到这一点，这两个孩子成立了一个名叫One More Generation的组织。结合句意可知，画线词是指代上文提到的“让世界上尽可能多的人明白濒危动物现在的处境相当糟糕”。故选C。6What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell about Olivia and Carter?AThey organized activities to raise money.BThey took measures to save rhinos.CThey
17、made efforts to list extinct species.DThey contributed a lot to dying species.D细节理解题。根据第四段的主要内容，尤其是“All that theyve accomplished for animals and the environment is much too long to list！”可知，本段主要讲述了Olivia和Carter为濒危动物和环境做了很多事情。故选D。7What do Olivias words suggest?AAnyone can help by starting small.BAnyo
18、ne can do something special.CAnyone should do research on species.DAnyone should donate to adoption organizations.A推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是“You can start small by simply adopting an animal.”可推测，Olivia的话表明了任何人都可以从小事做起来帮助濒危动物。故选A。COver a million children have developed some form of intellectual disability
19、over the past two decades after being exposed to chemicals including flame retardants，pesticides，lead，and mercury，a study has revealed.The study focused on the four chemicals，which can be crossed from a mother to her unborn baby through the placenta(胎盘)and cause neurodevelopmental damage.The researc
20、hers looked at data from past studies，including blood samples taken from women of childbearing age and 5yearolds.Over the period，flame retardants，resulted in 738，860 cases of intellectual disability and an estimated 162 million lost IQ points，followed by lead at 330，684 cases，pesticides at 111，830，a
21、nd mercury at 8，860.In recent years，pesticides and flame retardants have overtaken lead and mercury as the chemicals responsible for the biggest loss of IQ among children.The researchers believe this is due to regulations cutting down the use of these chemicals.For instance，lead has been banned from
22、 gasoline，paint and drinking water systems in the US and plants are not allowed to pump out mercury.The researchers acknowledged limitations to their study，including that the exposureresponse relationships might not relate to all populations.Positively，they found a huge drop in the estimated loss of
23、 IQ points among children.Lead researcher Abigail Gaylord，commented：“Our findings suggest that our efforts to reduce exposure to heavy metals are paying off，but that harmful exposure in general continues to represent a terrible risk to peoples physical，mental，and economic health.Unfortunately，the mi
24、nimal policies in place to remove pesticides and flame retardants are clearly not enough，” she said.She also added，“Frequently opening windows to let persistent chemicals found in furniture electronics，and carpeting escape，and eating certified organic produce can reduce exposure to these harmful thi
25、ngs.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了有研究发现接触有害化学物质会导致儿童的智商下降。8Which contributes most to the loss of childrens IQ?AFlame retardants.BPesticides.CLead.DMercury.A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Over the period，flame retardants，resulted in 738，860 cases of intellectual disability and an estimated 162 million lost IQ points，followed
26、by lead at 330，684 cases，pesticides at 111，830，and mercury at 8，860.”可知，在此期间，阻燃剂导致738 860例(儿童)智力障碍，约1.62亿(儿童)智商下降，其次是铅导致330 684例(儿童)智力障碍，农药导致111 830例(儿童)智力障碍，汞导致8 860例(儿童)智力障碍，由此可知，阻燃剂是导致儿童智商下降最严重的化学物质，故选A。9Where does the passage probably come from?AA school report.BScience fiction.CA scientific mag
27、azine.DA chemistry book.C文章出处题。通读全文特别是根据第一段内容可知，本文主要介绍的是有研究发现接触阻燃剂、杀虫剂、铅和汞等化学物质会导致儿童智力下降，这属于科学范畴，因此文章最有可能来自科学杂志，故选C。10What is the drawback of the research mentioned?AIt has received bad response from all populations.BIt has no previous information to refer to.CIt covers only part of the population.D
28、It is not supported by government policies.C细节理解题。根据第五段中“The researchers acknowledged limitations to their study，including that the exposureresponse relationships might not relate to all populations.”可知，研究人员承认他们的研究存在局限性，包括这种暴露与反应的关系可能并不适用于所有人群，由此可知，这项研究的缺点是它只涵盖了部分人群，故选C。11Whats the best title for th
29、is passage?AFour Chemicals Harming ChildrenBRegulations Cutting Down the Use of Heavy MetalsCEnvironment Risking Peoples Physical and Mental HealthDChildren IQ Lowered by Exposure to Harmful ChemicalsD标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段内容可知，一项研究显示，在过去20年里，超过100万儿童在接触了阻燃剂、杀虫剂、铅和汞等化学物质后出现了某种形式的智力障碍，因此文章主要介绍的是有研究发现接触阻
30、燃剂、杀虫剂、铅和汞等化学物质会导致儿童智力下降，故选D。DA recent study confirms that several turtle species(海龟种类) have either greatly dropped or disappeared from various sections of the Australian Murray River.“The problem is that the long life of turtles makes people unable to sense the seriousness of the situation，” says R
31、icky Spencer，a coauthor of the study，which was published in February in Scientific Reports，“Its human nature that only when something is gone do we start missing it.”Spencer and his workmates recorded the population of three once common turtle species at 52 sites along the southern areas of the rive
32、r.The researchers inferred the species population sizes from the number of individuals they caught in a given amount of time.They found the turtles have disappeared in places where they were previously rich，and most of the individuals they managed to catch elsewhere were largeand likely oldadults.Sp
33、encer and his workmates blame the losses on continuing nest predation by foxes，accompanied by other problems，including a worse and worse environment and serious drought in the 2000s.“We have known about the sudden sharp drop of the population of the turtles for tens of years，and although media have
34、covered a lot about the trouble of our rivers，nothing has been done，” says Rick Shine from Macquarie University in Sydney，“This paper is a wakeup call that unless we begin to do something about turtle protection，we may lose an attractive part of our native creatures.”The turtles could recover quickl
35、y if action is taken to protect nests from foxes and bring back living areas，Spencer notes.But governments tend to respond only when losses reach crisis levels，and the Murray River species currently lack the governments protection，he says.He and his workmates have a solution，however.“Our next step i
36、s to start designing community protection efforts for common turtle species，” he explains，“so people can actually do things without having to wait for the governments support.”【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了以斯宾塞为首的科研团队为保护海龟所作出的努力。12Why are people unaware that turtles are in a very serious situation?AThe gover
37、nment hasnt taken action.BThey know turtles have a long life.COld turtles still have a large population.DMedia havent done any report about it.B细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“The problem is that the long life of turtles makes people unable to sense the seriousness of the situation，.(问题是海龟的长寿使人们无法意识到问题的严重性)”可知，对于海龟
38、寿命长的认知使人类没有意识到海龟正处于危险时期。故选B项。13What is the greatest challenge for turtles according to Spencers team?AFoxes catch and feed on them.BThe environment is getting worse.CThe climate is extremely dry.DHuman beings kill them in quantity.A细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Spencer and his workmates blame the losses on contin
39、uing nest predation by foxes，accompanied by other problems，including a worse and worse environment and serious drought in the 2000s.(斯宾塞和他的同事们将海龟的消失归咎于狐狸对海龟巢穴的持续捕食，以及其他问题，包括2000年以来越来越糟糕的环境和严重的干旱)”可知，海龟面临的最大危机是狐狸对它们的捕食。故选A项。14Which of the following does Rick Shine agree with?AMedia have already done
40、their best.BThe study gives people a warning.CTurtles are sure to disappear soon.DTurtle protection is a long process.B推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“This paper is a wakeup call that unless we begin to do something about turtle protection，we may lose an attractive part of our native creatures.(这篇论文敲响了警钟，除非我们开始采取措施
41、保护海龟，否则我们可能会失去本土生物中一个有吸引力的部分)”可知，Rick Shine认为这是一个警钟。故选B项。15What do we know from the last paragraph?AIts not possible that turtles can avoid disappearing.BThe government is taking action against the crisis.CCommunity protection efforts to protect turtles will start soon.DPeople have to wait for the g
42、overnments support.C细节理解题。根据文章末段内容“Our next step is to start designing community protection efforts for common turtle species，he explains，so people can actually do things without having to wait for the governments support.(我们的下一步是要开始为普通的海龟物种设计社区保护措施，他解释说，这样人们就可以不需要等待政府的支持来做事情了)”可知，社区下一步有可能采取措施保护海龟。C
43、项“Community protection efforts to protect turtles will start soon.( 社区保护海龟的工作将很快开始。)”论述正确。故选C项。.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)How to remember what you readReading is important，but the next important step is making sure that you remember what youve read！ 16 You may have just read the text，but the ideas，
44、concepts and images may fly right out of your head.Here are a few tips for remembering what you read.Are you confused?If the plot，the characters，or word usage is confusing for you，you likely wont be able to remember what you read. 17 If you dont understand what youre reading，how would you remember i
45、t？There are a few things you can douse a dictionary；look up the difficult words；consult a teacher. Are you connected?Does a character remind you of a friend？Does the setting make you want to visit the place？Does the book inspire you and make you want to read more？With some books，you may feel a conne
46、ction right away. 18 How willing are you to make the connections happen?Read it；hear it；be it!Read the lines.Then，speak them out loud.And，put some characters into the words.When he was writing his novels，Charles Dickens would act out the parts of the characters.Hed make faces in the mirror and chang
47、e his voice for each character. 19 How often do you read?If you read frequently，youll likely have an easier time with remembering what youre reading and what youve read. 20 As you make reading a regular part of your life，youll make more connections，stay more focused and understand the text better.Yo
48、ull learn to enjoy literatureas you remember what you read!AWhats your motivation?BPractice makes perfect.CMemory is sometimes a tricky thing.DIts a bit like reading a foreign language.EMarking helps you remember what you read.FBut other books require a bit more work on your part.GYou can do the sam
49、e thing when you are reading the text!【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何记住我们读过的内容。16C根据空后“You may have just read the text，but the ideas，concepts and images may fly right out of your head.”可知，你可能已经阅读了文章，但文章里的思想、概念和图像可能马上就从你的脑中飞出去了，这说明有时候记忆是件很难对付的事情，选项C符合语境。故选C。17D根据空前“If the plot，the characters，or word usage is
50、confusing for you，you likely wont be able to remember what you read.”可知，如果故事情节、人物或词汇用法让你感到困惑，你可能不会记得你读过的东西，选项D指出困惑的感觉就像是在读外语，符合语境。故选D。18F根据空前“With some books，you may feel a connection right away.”可知对于有些书，你可能马上感觉到一种联系。本句中的some books和选项F中的other books相对应，因此选项F “但是其他的书需要你做更多的工作。”符合语境。故选F。19G空前举了狄更斯的例子，“
51、他会对着镜子做鬼脸，为每个角色改变自己的声音。”接下来应该是建议你也可以做同样的事，因此选项G“你读文章时也能做同样的事！”符合语境。故选G。20B根据前文“If you read frequently，youll likely have an easier time with remembering what youre reading and what youve read.”可知，如果你经常阅读，你可能会更容易记住你正在读的内容和曾经读过的内容。此处是告诉我们熟能生巧，因此选项B“熟能生巧。”符合语境。故选B。.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)Id planned to s
52、pend my weekend in the sun，enjoying flowers outdoors.But that was 21 the pair of disgusting crows(乌鸦) arrived.Out of nowhere，they had set up their base 22 in our backyard.We first 23 our feathered enemies on Friday morning.It was early，and the sound the birds made 24 through our neighbourhood.I figu
53、red theyd 25 soon.But，no.They were getting louder and probably 26 my neighbours nearly as much as us with the noise.I admit I got a little 27 Then，on Sunday afternoon，I saw our dog Quatchi staring at something on the ground.I went to 28 and found a small coalblack bird in the grass.Its eyes were mil
54、ky，and it stayed perfectly 29 as my dog walked towards it.Only when Quatchi 30 his nose to its head did it walk away.I 31 the dog inside and came back with my camera.It never occurred to me that the young would be hanging out on the ground，growing and gaining 32 as its parents guarded it from above.
55、The second I saw this little creature I 33 the crows.To be honest，Ive never been much of a bird person.And I wish theyd chosen another backyard.But Im also 34 that I got to see this little bit of nature unfold up close.Its pretty amazing.The experience has also 35 my desire to create a beautiful bac
56、kyard garden that attracts lots of bees，butterflies，and yes，birds.They are welcome here.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己对在后院安家的乌鸦的态度从讨厌到怜爱的转变过程，也告诉我们对待小动物要一视同仁。21A.afterBwhen CuntilDbeforeD根据后面的语境可知，作者在乌鸦来之前(before)心情极好，想要舒适地过周末。故选D。22A.organizationBcampCbusinessDtrapB根据下文的内容可知，乌鸦在作者家的后院定居下来，即建立了它们的大本营，base c
57、amp意为“大本营”。故选B。23A.acceptedBdroveCdiscoveredDinvitedC根据语境可知，此处是指作者第一次发现(discover)乌鸦。故选C。24A.travelledBflewCranDflowedA根据下文“They were getting louder and probably.my neighbours nearly as much as us with the noise.I admit I got a little.”可知，乌鸦的叫声很大，穿越街区。travel through意为“穿越，穿过”。故选A。25A.sing upBfight bac
58、kCfall downDquiet downD根据下文“But，no.They were getting louder.(它们的声音越来越大)”可知，“我”认为它们会安静下来(quiet down)。故选D。26A.attractingBannoyingCfrighteningDamusingB根据本段“.on Friday morning.It was early，and the sound the birds made.through our neighbourhood.”可知，在周五的早上很早的时候，乌鸦很吵的叫声回荡在街区中，这会让人恼火(annoying)。故选B。27A.excit
59、edBamazedCcuriousDdesperateD根据上文的语境可知，在早上听到乌鸦那么大的叫声，作者很是恼火，却又无可奈何，有点绝望(desperate)。故选D。28A.preventBdefendCexploreDassistC根据前一句“.I saw our dog Quatchi staring at something on the ground.”可知，作者看到他们的狗Quatchi盯着地上的东西，出于好奇，作者也去一探究竟。故选C。29A.coldBenthusiasticCstillDfriendlyC根据下文“只有当狗用鼻子触碰它的头时，它才走开”可知，在狗走近它时，
60、它是一动不动的(still)。故选C。30A.touchedBthrewCpointedDconnectedA根据常识及语境可知，此处是指狗用鼻子触碰(touch)到它的头。故选A。31A.awardedBlockedCpraisedDfedB上文提到狗用鼻子触碰了小乌鸦，所以作者担心小乌鸦的处境，怕狗伤害它而把狗锁(lock)起来。故选B。32A.strengthBpityCadvantageDfreedomA根据语境可知，“我”从未想到小乌鸦会在父母的保护下在地面上玩耍，成长并壮大，也就是获得力量(strength)。故选A。33A.hatedBrespectedCadmiredDforg
61、aveD乌鸦来到作者的后院安了家，吵到了他们，作者非常生气。但看到这只小乌鸦，作者就宽恕(forgive)了它们。故选D。34A.pitifulBgratefulCpainfulDcarefulB根据语境可知，作者虽然不怎么喜欢鸟，却因为小乌鸦的可爱，而感激(grateful)大自然能让其近距离观察它。故选B。35A.discouragedBensuredCstrengthenedDprovedC根据语境可知，此处是指看见小乌鸦的经历让作者增强(strengthen)了建立一个美丽后花园的愿望。故选C。.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)Thirty years ago，an
62、elderly Canadian couple undertook a unique project with the purpose of 36. (help) Canadians have a better understanding of China based on how the Chinese view themselves and the issues they face.Their efforts resulted 37. the birth of a 1985 book，Understanding China Through Cartoons.They 38. (offici
63、al) donated it to China on June 10，2019.39. (promote) knowledge about China among Canadians，they 40. (found) the Society for a Better Understanding of China in the early 1970s，41. is now noted as the CanadaChina Friendship Society.The elderly couple 42. (be) determined to gift China it as their admi
64、ration for Chinese culturea role dating back thousands of years.“China is the only nation that has been able to maintain its cultural 43. (grow) for thousands of years，” the husband said.In fact，communication has been 44. best way to promote each others understanding and trust.We need 45. (many) peo
65、ple like the elderly Canadian couple as well as more institutions like the CanadaChina Friendship Society.【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。文章叙述了30年前，加拿大一对老年夫妇开展了一项独特的项目，来帮助加拿大人更好地了解中国。他们在1985年出版了通过卡通了解中国一书，并于2019年6月10日正式赠送给中国，以此表达对中国的敬慕之情。36helping考查动名词。句意：30年前，一对加拿大老夫妇进行了一项独特的项目，目的是通过中国人如何看待自己和他们所面临的问题，来帮助加拿大人更好地了解中国。
66、分析句子可知，空格处在句中作介词of的宾语，要用动词的ing形式，故填helping。37in考查固定搭配。句意：他们的努力促成了1985年通过漫画了解中国一书的诞生。result in 为固定搭配，意为“导致，促使”，故填in。38officially考查副词。句意：他们于2019年6月10日正式将其赠送给中国。分析句子可知，空格处在句中作状语，修饰动词donated。修饰动词一般用副词，故填officially。39To promote考查非谓语动词。句意：为了增进加拿大人对中国的了解，他们于20世纪70年代初成立了增进了解中国协会，现称加中友好协会。根据语境可知，此处作目的状语，表目的要
67、用动词不定式。本空处于句首，第一个字母要大写，故填To promote。40founded考查时态。句意同上。根据时间状语in the early 1970s可知要用一般过去时，故填founded。41which考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，空格处在句中指代前面的先行词the Society for a Better Understanding of China，先行词在定语从句中指物，作主语，可用which，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。42were考查时态。句意：这对老夫妇决心把这个礼物送给中国，以表达他们对中国文化的敬仰。本句叙述的
68、是过去的事，要用一般过去时，主语是复数，故填were。43growth考查词性转换。中国是唯一一个几千年来一直保持文化发展的国家。分析句子可知，该空作动词maintain的宾语，用名词，故填growth。44the考查冠词。句意：事实上，交流一直是增进彼此理解和信任的最好的方式。英语中形容词最高级前，要用定冠词the，故填the。45more考查比较级。句意：我们需要更多像加拿大老夫妇这样的人，也需要更多像加中友好协会这样的机构。根据句意以及as well as more institutions可知，填比较级，故填more。.应用文写作(满分15分)为了让大家更多地了解野生动物，提高对濒危动
69、物保护意识，你校英语俱乐部于近期组织会员们参观了你市北郊的野生动物园。假如你是俱乐部成员兼校英语网站记者，请你写一篇英语短文报道此次活动。内容包括：1活动的时间和过程；2简要评论。注意：1.词数80左右；2报道的标题已给出，但不计入总词数。English Club explored the Wildlife Park 【参考范文】English Club explored the Wildlife ParkOn Dec.16th，our school English Club organized a visit to the Wildlife Park located in the north
70、ern suburb of our city，for all its members.First we visited the indoor exhibition，where we saw many colourful pictures of different kinds of butterflies and dinosaur fossils.Then we entered the outdoor area by bus to see the wild animals，such as lions and tigers.It was really exciting.Through this a
71、ctivity，we learned more about wild animals and our awareness of protecting the endangered animals was improved.概要写作(满分25分)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Public speaking is the act of speaking to a large group of people in a highly organized manner.Knowing the art of public speaking is very important.The
72、ability to speak confidently and convincingly in public not only will make you stand out while in college，but also will enable you to play an active role in your workplace and community in the future.There are many occasions where you will likely be asked to give a speech，such as in a classroom pres
73、entation，at school meetings，graduation ceremonies，awards ceremonies，receptions，or wedding parties.Public speaking often involves two major stages of work：preparation and delivering.As for the preparation，you should start with an audience analysis and decide on a speech topic and purpose.The more you
74、 know and understand about your audience，the better you will choose a topic and prepare the speech.After you analyze your audience and set a speech objective，you need to gather materials to support your idea.Examples，stories，statistics，and testimonies(证明) are four major types of supporting materials
75、.You can gather these materials from the Internet，journals，magazines，books，newspapers，or your personal experience.After you gather enough materials about the topic，you then need to organize them clearly and logically.The language of a speech tends to be different from that of writing.In a speech，sho
76、rter and simpler words and sentences are preferred to long and complex ones so that the listening audience will understand well.Besides，in order to bring emotional responses in the audience，various kinds of rhetorical devices(修辞手法) are often employed to add power to the speech language.To successful
77、ly deliver a speech，you need to do a lot of work as well.For example，you need to make effective use of your voice and body so as to convey your message clearly and vividly.Maybe you also need to prepare some visual aids such as PowerPoint to help your audience understand you well. 【参考范文】Speaking wel
78、l in public，which youre often required to do，benefits you greatly.Followings are some tips.Before speech，analyze the audience and fix the theme and target with rich supporting details in an organized way.Besides，simpler expressions and rhetorical devices are preferred to make the speech comprehensible，powerful and emotionalevoking.While youre delivering，other aspects like voice variations，body language and visual aids should be considered.
