1、十三Unit 5Starting out & Understanding ideas. 单句语法填空1. The birds moved to the south in the early autumn, seeking(seek) warmer places and more food. 2. The local government is supposed to take measures(measure) to protect the wild animals. 3. The police worked day and night, determined(determine) to fi
2、nd the criminals. 4. He tried many times and finally found the solution(solve) to the answer. 5. We were amazed (amaze) to discover that wed been at school together. 6. Though the main building was destroyed (destroy), the library still survives as a museum. 7. The activity aims to raise awareness (
3、aware) of the dangers of passive smoking. 8. A trip around the world will eventually (eventual) bring you back to your starting point. 9. Before Friday, the last survivor (survive) was found on April 28, and even her story ended tragically. 10. There are many charities (charity) out there, so choose
4、 wisely and carefully. . 根据汉语提示写出正确的短语1. Dont bother to meet me at the station, and Im sure I can find my way (找到我去的路)to your house. 2. He was/became aware of (意识到)his mistake after his teacher pointed it out. 3. The old woman is so kind that she often helps people in trouble(陷入困境). 4. Lots of woods
5、 have been cut down (砍倒) in order to make great profits. 5. It is your carelessness that has led to (导致) your failure this time. 6. This is the only food that my pet dog can feed on(以为食). 7. In the last few years (在过去几年里)thousands of films have been produced all over the world. 8. Make sure (确保)that
6、 your homework is finished first. 9. We started off at once in search of(寻找) the missing child. 10. The East and the West can work together(合作) for their mutual benefit and progress. 11. His watch may be more expensive but mine tells the time(报时) better! 12. Once again (再一次) we came under attack fro
7、m enemy fighter planes. . 完成句子1. Scientists are doing their best to find out the solution to this environmental problem. 科学家们正在尽力找到这个环境问题的解决方法。2. To catch the early bus, they determined to get up early in the morning. 为了赶上早班车, 他们决定一大早就起床。3. The longer we get along with him, the more popular with us
8、he will be. 我们跟他相处的时间越长, 他就会越受我们的欢迎。4. Children who live in the countrys rural areas are likely to be poor. 生活在这个国家的农村地区的孩子很可能很穷。5. We should take some measures to solve these problems. 我们应该采取一些措施来解决这些问题。6. The reason why he didnt come in time was that he didnt feel well. 他没有及时来的原因是他不舒服。7. Companies
9、 began to build telegraph lines from one place to another. 公司开始从一个地方到另一个地方建造电报线路。8. They passed the house where/in which they planned to meet and doubled back in an alley. 他们经过了计划见面的那座房子, 然后折回一条小巷。. 阅读理解AElephants are able to know the difference between a man and a woman, and can tell an adult (成年人)
10、 from a childall from the sound of a human voice. This is according to a study in which researchers played voice recordings to wild African elephants. The animals showed more fear when they heard the voices of adult Masai men. Usually Masai people hunt elephants, and this suggests that animals have
11、grown to listen for and avoid them. Prof. Karen McComb and Dr. Graeme Shannon from the University of Sussex led the study. They explained that in former research they had used similar experiments to show that elephants could tellfrom the sound of a lionwhether the animal was a female (雌性) or a more
12、dangerous male (雄性). Prof. McComb wanted to find out if the animals used their very sharp sense of hearing to recognize danger from humans. The scientists recorded Masai men, women and children saying, in their own language, “Look, look over there, a group of elephants are coming. ” They also record
13、ed Kamba men saying this phrase. Masai people often come across elephants, which can result in violent (暴力的) hunting. Kamba people, however, mainly feed on agriculture, which does not generally bring them into violent touch with the animals. When the team played recordings of these different voices
14、through a hidden speaker, they found that elephant family groups showed more fear in response to the voice of a Masai man, than to a Kamba mans voice. And the adult male Masai voices caused far more violent response than the voices of women or boys. 【文章大意】一项研究表明, 大象能根据人类说话的声音判断出人类是成年人还是小孩子, 以及其性别。1.
15、 An elephant can tell a man from a woman by sense of _. A. touchB. sightC. smellD. hearing【解析】选D。细节理解题。从文中第一段第一句可知大象通过听觉判断男性和女性。故选D项。2. How did the researchers get to know the elephants special ability? A. By watching the elephants in the zoo. B. By playing voice recordings to them. C. By recording
16、the behaviors of elephants. D. By communicating with them in a special way. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。从文中第一段第二句This is according to a study in which researchers played voice recordings to wild African elephants. 可知, 研究者是通过给野生非洲象播放录音来发现其有这种能力的。故选B项。3. We can learn from the passage that elephants are especially af
17、raid of _. A. Masai menB. Masai womenC. Kamba menD. Kamba women【解析】选A。 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句The animals showed more fear when they heard the voices of adult Masai men. 可知, 当大象听到成年的Masai男人的声音时, 它们就显得更加害怕。根据最后一段And the adult male Masai voices caused far more violent response than the voices of women or boys.
18、 可知, 成年的Masai男人的声音比女人和男孩的声音会引发大象更激烈的反应。故选A项。4. What is the best title for the passage? A. Elephants and Human BeingsB. Differences Between Human VoicesC. Elephants Recognize Human VoicesD. Elephants at War with Human Beings【解析】选C。主旨大意题。结合全文可知, 研究表明大象可以根据人类说话的声音来判别是成年人还是小孩, 是男性还是女性以及可能有的危险, 这足以说明本文主要
19、讲大象能识别人类声音。故选C项。B(2021桂林高一检测)When people want to know about the weather, they usually go to their radios, TVs, newspapers, or to the Internet. However, you can also find many weather signs among wildlife, because of their highly developed senses. Drops in air pressure(压力) produce an effect on small
20、animals in many ways. Mice and deer are good weather indicators. People who spend a lot of time outdoors have observed that, before a storm, field mice come out of their holes and run around. Deer leave high ground and come down from the mountains. Birds are especially good weather indicators becaus
21、e they also show the effect of a pressure drop in many ways. For example, some birds become irritable(急躁的) and quarrelsome and will fight over a piece of bread. Other birds chirp(叽叽喳喳) and sing just before a storm. It seems they know they wont get another chance for an hour or two. Birds also seek s
22、afe places before a storm. You will sometimes see birds settling in trees or gathering together on a wire close to a building. Pre-storm low pressure makes the air so thin that birds have difficulty flying. It is unusual to see many birds flying overhead in the summertime, rather than during the per
23、iods in the spring or autumn. Watch for other weather signs if you see this. If they fly in the wrong direction, they may be flying ahead of a storm. By paying closer attention to some important signs in nature, we can become better prepared for any kind of weather. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于野生动物的感官高度发达,
24、 我们也可以在它们身上发现许多气象信号。5. The word “indicators” in Paragraph 1 probably means_. A. mapsB. servicesC. signsD. stations【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第一段中的However, you can also find many weather signs among wildlife, because of their highly developed senses. 然而, 由于野生动物的感官高度发达, 你也可以在它们身上发现许多气象信号; 及下文的“People who spend a
25、lot of time outdoors have observed that, before a storm, field mice come out of their holes and run around. Deer leave high ground and come down from the mountains. ”可判断出indicators的意思是“指示者; 指示物”。故选C。6. There will be a storm if birds_. A. make more noise than usualB. fly in different directionsC. com
26、e down from tall treesD. share a piece of bread【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的. . . some birds become irritable and quarrelsome and will fight over a piece of bread. Other birds chirp and sing just before a storm. 有些鸟变得急躁易怒, 会为了一片面包而打架。其他的鸟在暴风雨来临前叽叽喳喳地歌唱。由此可知当暴风雨来临时, 鸟会发出比平常更多的嘈杂声。故选A。7. How can birds sense th
27、e coming of a storm? A. By feeling a drop in air temperature. B. By noticing the change of wind directions. C. By feeling a drop in air pressure. D. By noticing the movements of other animals. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中的Pre-storm low pressure makes the air so thin that birds have difficulty flying. 暴风雨前的低气
28、压使得空气稀薄, 鸟很难飞行。可判断出鸟通过感觉空气气压下降而感知暴风雨即将来临。8. The best title for the text would be_. A. Signs of a StormB. Drops in Air PressureC. Animals Sharp SensesD. Natures Weather Signs【解析】选D。主旨大意题。这篇短文讲述了当暴风雨即将来临时动物的各种异常表现, 由此人们可以通过观察这些异常表现而得出暴风雨即将来临的结论, 所以这篇短文最好的题目是: Natures Weather Signs大自然的天气征兆。故选D。. 阅读填句Ev
29、ery animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 1One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 2 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but
30、the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear. Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 3Now we have the most direct evidence yet th
31、at he is right. 4 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 percent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping. If Tononis theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a nights, we find it harder the n
32、ext day to concentrate and learn new informationour brains may have smaller room for new experiences. Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size
33、. 5“You keep what matters, ” Tononi says. A. We should also try to sleep well the night before. B. Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick. D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loade
34、d with memories. E. Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning, ” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. G. Tononis team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice. 【文章大意】本文讲述了
35、人和动物为什么需要睡眠的一些理论以及睡眠的重要性。1. 【解析】选C。根据上文When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 如果实验室老鼠不被允许睡觉, 它们不到一个月就死了。由此可推知, 同样, 人几天不睡觉, 也会生病, 人和动物对应起来, 死和生病形成对应, 故选C。2. 【解析】选E。根据上文提到的睡觉有助于帮助我们加强新的记忆。可知, 如果学生在学习新知识后有机会睡一觉, 他们在考试中就会表现得更好, 前后逻辑关系很顺畅, 因果联系, 故选E。3. 【解析】选F。根据下文中的he, 可知此处要提到一个
36、人, 以及他的理论, 正好F项中有, 故选F。4. 【解析】选G。根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the mice以及整个句子可知, 他肯定做了关于老鼠的实验, G项有关键词synapses, mice, 都与他的实验有关, 故选G。5. 【解析】选B。根据下文提到的You keep what matters你记住重要的东西, 可知大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来, 前后逻辑关系顺畅, 故选B。. 完形填空(2021扬州高一检测)The victims(受害者) were carried in one by one, their paws and fur burned, suffer
37、ing from dehydration(脱水)and fear. Their caretakers 1their wounds, and 2them in baskets with the only thing that was 3the leaves of eucalyptus(桉树)tree. As miserable fires have4more than 2 million acres in Australia, only dozens of koalas have been 5from the smoky trees and 6 ground. Koalas, unlike ka
38、ngaroos, birds or snakes, do not 7from fires but instead climb trees to the top, where they can curl themselves into a ball for 8 and wait for the danger to 9. But during big fires, such as those that have burned in recent weeks, the animals are far less likely to 10. Even if the fire itself does no
39、t reach the tree 11, the animals may over heat and fall to the ground, where they can be burned to death. The tough situation of the koala has raised 12among scientists and conservationists(保护主义者). While koalas have developed to exist alongside the wildfires, they are facing new 13, not just from cl
40、imate change but also from human development, which has dislocated Koalas populations, 14their ability to survive fires. We have these 15 animals not found anywhere else on this planet, and we are killing them. This is a big wake-up call. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述澳大利亚的一场大火造成许多动物受伤, 其中考拉伤亡严重, 这次火灾警示世人保护动物。1.
41、 A. touchedB. treated C. ignoredD. discovered【解析】选B。句意: 它们的护理人员治疗它们的伤口。 touched触摸; treated治疗; ignored忽视; discovered发现。由上文可知它们被火烧伤了, 根据关键词caretakers, 可知是对伤口进行治疗。故选B。2. A. threwB. lockedC. laidD. forced【解析】选C。句意: 把它们小心地放入带有唯一熟悉的东西桉树的叶子的篮子里。 threw扔, 抛; locked锁上; laid(尤指轻轻地或小心地)放置, 安放; forced强迫。它们受伤了, 医
42、护人员治疗后会小心地放入篮子里。故选C。3. A. familiarB. plentiful C. beautifulD. expensive【解析】选A。句意: 把它们小心地放入带有唯一熟悉的东西桉树的叶子的篮子里。 familiar熟悉的; plentiful充足的, 丰富的; beautiful美丽的; expensive昂贵的。由下文可知这些受伤的动物是考拉, 故它们对桉树的叶子是熟悉的。故选A。4. A. reachedB. leftC. burnedD. trapped【解析】选C。句意: 由于悲惨的火灾在澳大利亚燃烧(范围)已经超过了两百万英亩, 只有几十只考拉, 从烟雾弥漫的树
43、木中和黑色的土地上, 被营救。reached到达; left离开; burned燃烧; trapped困住。由miserable fires可知是燃烧。故选C。5. A. killedB. recognizedC. hurtD. rescued【解析】选D。句意: 由于悲惨的火灾在澳大利亚燃烧(范围)已经超过了两百万英亩, 只有几十只考拉, 从烟雾弥漫的树木中和黑色的土地上, 被营救。killed杀死; recognized辨别出; hurt伤害; rescued营救。由上文护理人员治疗考拉, 可知是考拉从大火中被营救。故选D。6. A. flatB. blackC. broadD. safe
44、【解析】选B。句意: 由于悲惨的火灾在澳大利亚燃烧(范围)已经超过了两百万英亩, 只有几十只考拉, 从烟雾弥漫的树木中和黑色的土地上, 被营救。 flat平坦的; black黑色的; broad宽阔的; safe安全的。由上文可知, 火灾十分严重, 树木烟雾弥漫, 大地被烧焦, 因此是黑色的。故选B。7. A. escapeB. dieC. sufferD. rise【解析】选A。句意: 考拉与袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇不同, 它们不会从火灾中逃脱, 而是爬到树顶, 在那里, 它们蜷缩成一团以保护自己, 然后等待危险过去。 escape逃脱; die死亡; suffer受苦; rise上升。由下文可知,
45、 考拉爬到树顶保护自己, 因此说它们不像袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇那样能从火灾中逃脱。故选A。8. A. balanceB. protectionC. challengeD. comfort【解析】选B。句意: 考拉与袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇不同, 它们不会从火中逃脱, 而是爬到树顶, 在那里, 它们蜷缩成一团以保护自己, 然后等待危险过去。balance平衡; protection保护; challenge挑战; comfort舒服。在火灾中, 它们爬上树顶, 蜷缩成一团是为了保护自己。故选B。9. A. attackB. comeC. passD. avoid【解析】选C。句意: 考拉与袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇不同
46、, 它们不会从火中逃脱, 而是爬到树顶, 在那里, 它们蜷缩成一团以保护自己, 然后等待危险过去。attack攻击; come来; pass结束; avoid避免。考拉不像袋鼠、鸟类或者蛇那样逃脱, 它们只能爬上树顶, 蜷缩成团, 等着危险结束。故选C。10. A. jumpB. climbC. fallD. survive【解析】选D。句意: 动物存活的可能性很小。 jump跳; climb爬; fall落下; survive存活。由下文可知, 即使火没有烧到树顶, 动物们也会因为过热掉落到地上, 被烧死。所以是很难存活。故选D。11. A. topB. leavesC. trunkD. r
47、oot【解析】选A。句意: 即使大火没有烧到树顶。top顶; leaves叶子; trunk树干; root根。由前文可知, 考拉是爬到树顶躲避大火。故选A。12. A. passionB. concernC. fearD. interest【解析】选B。句意: 考拉的艰难处境引起了科学家和保护主义者的担忧。 passion热情; concern担心; fear害怕; interest兴趣。考拉遭遇了火灾, 科学家和保护主义者应该是担忧的。故选B。13. A. chancesB. choicesC. neighborsD. threats【解析】选D。句意: 尽管考拉从这场野火中存活下来, 它
48、们还面临新的威胁, 不止是来自气候变化, 也来自人类的发展, 这扰乱了考拉的种群, 削弱了它们从大火中存活的能力。chances机会; choices选择; neighbors邻居; threats威胁。上文提到的野火对考拉来说是生存的威胁, 可知下文提到气候变化, 人类发展是它们面对的新的威胁。故选D。14. A. weakeningB. developingC. enrichingD. ensuring【解析】选A。句意: 不止是来自气候变化, 也来自人类的发展, 这扰乱了考拉的种群, 削弱了它们从大火中存活的能力。weakening减弱; developing发展; enriching使
49、丰富; ensuring确保。由上文可知, 人类的发展是考拉面对的新威胁, 带来的是不好的影响, 因此是削弱了它们的生存能力。故选A。15. A. lonelyB. stupidC. lazyD. unique【解析】选D。句意: 我们拥有这些独一无二的、在这个星球其他任何地方都找不到的动物。lonely可爱的; stupid愚蠢的; lazy懒惰的; unique独一无二的。由下文“not found anywhere else on this planet”, 可知是独一无二的。故选D。【补偿训练】阅读理解More than two thirds of the worlds polar b
50、ears will be wiped out by 2050, according to a shocking new study. By then, scientists say, global warming will have melted 42 percent of the Arctic sea ice. By 2100, only a very few of these important creatures will be left. The report has been produced by the US Geological Survey. The scientists h
51、ave publicized their findings in the hope of influencing US Interior Secretary Dirk Kempthorne, who has been asked to put polar bears on the US endangered species list. Polar bears depend on floating sea ice as a platform for hunting seals, which are their main food. Without enough ice, polar bears
52、would be forced to go onto the land, where they are poorly skilled hunters, and would be unlikely to adapt to the life on the land in time. Experts say few little bears would survive and the stress could make many females unable to get pregnant. The team of American and Canadian scientists spent six
53、 months studying bears, on the ground, from spotter planes and in the lab, using computer models. Some team members fear the result is even worse for the bears than what their report says. They say the Arctic is warming faster than anywhere in the world and much faster than their computer has been f
54、orecasting. Satellite observations have showed that the ice has decreased to an all-time low. However, not everyone in the scientific community believes that global warming is happening on such an alarming scale. Another investigation has found that polar bears are still being hunted by wealthy “spo
55、rtsmen” who want their skins and heads. At least ten international companies offer bear-hunting trips. 【文章大意】本文讲述了由于全球变暖, 北极熊有可能在这个世纪末就要灭绝了。1. What do we know about Dirk Kempthorne according to the passage? A. He is an animal scientist. B. He is a protector of animals working for the US government.
56、C. He has been asked to put polar bears on the US endangered species list. D. He has offered to put polar bears on the endangered species list. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“. . . US Interior Secretary Dirk Kempthorne, who has been asked to put polar bears on the US endangered species list. ”可知C项正确。2. Why wi
57、ll polar bears die out if there is not enough sea ice? A. Because polar bears cant catch enough food without ice. B. Because polar bears eat ice when they feel thirsty. C. Because polar bears will be easily found by hunters without ice. D. Because most female bears are used to giving birth under ice
58、. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第三段“Polar bears depend on floating sea ice as a platform for hunting seals, which are their main food. ”可知A项正确。3. After a six-month study, some scientists fear that_. A. there is something wrong with their computersB. polar bears will disappear even faster than they have ever expecte
59、dC. their computer models are not as accurate as they expectedD. global warming will destroy everything in the Arctic【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第四段“Some team members fear the result is even worse for the bears than what their report says. ”可知B项正确。4. What is this passage mainly about? A. Global warming makes the whole world different. B. Human beings are responsible for the endangered species. C. Most of the polar bears will have been wiped out by the end of this century. D. Scientists have found that most animals in the Arctic will die out by 2100. 【解析】选C。主旨大意题。文章第一段点明了主题, 即北极熊有可能在这个世纪末就要灭绝了。