1、Section_Learning_about_Language_&_Using_Language原文呈现 读文清障WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING?Dear Earth Care，I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming. Sometimes I feel that individuals can have little effect on such huge environmental problems. However, I still think people s
2、hould advocate improvements in the way we use energy today. As Im not sure where to start with my project, I would appreciate any suggestions you may have.Thank you!Ouyang Guang,on behalf/bIhf/ of 代表一方；作为的代言人individual/IndIvIdl/n.个人；个体 adj.单独的；个别的have an effect on 对有影响advocate/dvkeIt/vt.拥护；提倡；主张star
3、t with 以开始(begin with)关于全球变暖，我们能做些什么呢？亲爱的“关爱地球”组织：我正在代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。有时候我觉得，像这样巨大的环境问题，个人是起不了什么作用的。然而我仍认为人们应该支持改善当今能源消耗的方式。由于我不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究，我将感谢任何你们给予的建议。谢谢！欧阳光Dear Ouyang Guang，There are many people who have a commitment like yours， but they do not believe they have the power to do anything t
4、o improve our environment. That is not true. Together, individuals can make a difference. We do not have to put up with pollution.The growth of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide in the air actually comes as a result of many things we do every day. Here are a few suggestions on how to reduce it. The
5、y should get you started with your project. commitment/kmItmnt/n.承诺；交托who引导定语从句修饰people。have the power to do 有能力做make a difference 有影响put up with 忍受；容忍pollution/plun/n.污染；弄脏growth/r/n.增长；生长get you started with your project是“get宾语过去分词”结构。亲爱的欧阳光：,有许多人承担你这样的义务，但他们不相信自己有能力做些事情来改善环境。那是不正确的。众人拾柴火焰高。我们不必去忍
6、受污染。,空气中的温室气体二氧化碳的增长的确是来自我们许多的日常活动。这儿有几条关于减少空气中二氧化碳含量的建议。这些建议应当能够促进你的研究。1 We use a lot of energy in our houses. It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it if not, turn it off! Do not be casual about this. So if you are not using the lights, the TV, the computer, and so
7、on， turn them off. If you are cold, put on more clothes instead of turning up the heat.2 Motor vehicles use a lot of energy so walk or ride a bike if you can.3 Recycle cans， bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to. It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials
8、, so, if you can, buy things made from recycled materials. leave . on 让开着electrical/IlektrIkl/adj.电的；与电有关的appliance/plaIns/n.用具；工具；器具so long as(as long as)“只要”，引导条件状语从句。casual/kjl/adj.随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的and so on 等等motor/mt/n.发动机can/kn/n.容器；罐头circumstance/skmstns/n.环境；情况to后省略了recycle them，此处动词不定式符号to不可省略。
9、过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰things。1.在室内我们使用大量的能源。只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着如果不用，就把它关掉！不要对此疏忽大意。因此，你如果不用电灯、电视、电脑等，就把它们关掉。如果你觉得冷了，就多穿点衣服而不要把暖气开大。2.机动车使用大量的能源。因此，如果有可能，你就步行或骑自行车吧。3.如果条件允许，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。用新材料来做东西要消耗大量的能源，因此，如果有可能，就买那些用可回收材料制成的物品吧。4 Get your parents to buy things that are economical with energy this in
10、cludes cars as well as smaller things like fridges and microwaves.5 Plant trees in your garden or your school yard, as they absorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh your spirit when you look at them.6 Finally and most importantly， be an educator. Talk with your family and friends about global
11、warming and tell them what you have learned.Remember your contribution counts！Earth Caremicrowave/maIkrweIv/n.微波炉；微波refresh/rIfre/vt.使恢复；使振作as在此引导原因状语从句。副词词组finally and most importantly作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。educator/edkeIt/n.教育工作者contribution/kntrIbjun/n.贡献count vi.起作用；有价值；有意义be economical with 对节约4劝你的父母去买那
12、些节约能源的产品，包括汽车和像冰箱、微波炉之类的小件物品。5在你的花园或校园里栽种树木，因为它们吸收空气中的二氧化碳，并且在你观赏它们的时候使你感觉清爽。6最后，也是最重要的是，做一个教育者。同你的家人和朋友们谈一谈全球变暖的问题，并把你学到的东西告诉他们。记住你的贡献是有价值的！“关爱地球”组织Choose the best answers according to the text.1Which is NOT the reason why Ouyang Guang writes the letter?AHe is doing a project on global warming.BHe
13、feels individuals can affect huge environmental problems.CHe isnt sure where to start with his project.DHe wants to get some suggestions from Earth Care.2Which is NOT true according to the second letter?ATogether, individuals can make a difference to environmental problems.BIndividuals must put up w
14、ith pollution.CMany activities individuals do can produce carbon dioxide.DIndividuals can save energy to slow down global warming.3Which is NOT Earth Cares suggestion?ATurn electrical appliances off if you are not using them.BPut on more clothes instead of turning up the heat.CBuy things made of raw
15、 materials.DWalk or ride a bike if you can.4Who is the writer of the first letter?AAn editor.BOuyang Guang.CEarth Care. DB and C.5Whats the main idea of the two letters?ASome organizations should do something about global warming.BSuggestions on what to do about global warming.CIndividuals neednt do
16、 anything about global warming.DGovernments should take measures about global warming.答案：15BBCBB一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.tendency n倾向；趋势2.widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的3.average adj. 平均的4.electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的5.circumstance n. 环境；情况6.refresh vt. 使恢复；使振作.拓展词汇1.existence n生存；存在exist v存在2.advocate vt.拥护；
17、提倡；主张advocator n拥护者mitment n承诺；交托；信奉commit v向保证4.pollution n污染；弄脏pollute vt.污染pollutant n污染物5.growth n增长；生长grow vi.生长；增长6.casual adj.随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的casually adv.随便地；偶然地7.educator n教育工作者；教育家educate v教育education n教育8.contribution n贡献contribute v贡献9.presentation n显示；演出present v呈现10.disagreement n分歧；不一致di
18、sagree vi.不同意 1.“电”族electrician n电工；电器技师electricity n. 电；电流electric adj. 电的；电动的electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的2.“普通的”形容词种种average 平均的；普通的common 常见的；普通的normal 正常的；普通的ordinary 平常的；普通的3.pollution n污染词块air/atmosphere pollution 空气污染environmental pollution 环境污染noise/water pollution 噪音/水污染4.dis前缀常见名词聚焦disagreemen
19、t 意见不一；分歧disability 缺陷；残疾disadvantage 劣势；缺点disappearance 消失；失踪disapproval 不赞成disappointment 失望二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.on_the_whole大体上；基本上2on_behalf_of 代表一方；作为的代言人3put_up_with 忍受；容忍4as/so_long_as 只要5and_so_on 等等6make_a_difference 有影响1.use energy利用能源2have a commitment 承担义务3improve the environment 改善环境4ri
20、de a bike 骑自行车5recycled materials 可回收材料6be economical with energy 节约能源三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.As Im not sure where to start with my project, I would appreciate any suggestions you may have. 由于我不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究，如能得到你们的建议我将十分感激。“疑问词不定式”结构在句中作宾语。He stood still, not knowing what_to_do next. 静静地站在那儿，不知道下一步做什么。
21、2.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it if not, turn it off！只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着如果不用，就把它关掉！so/as long as “只要”，引导条件状语从句；if not是if you are not using it的省略形式。It is OK to accept the job so/as_long_as you like it. If_not,_dont do it. 只要喜欢这份工作，你可以接受它。如果不喜欢，不要做这份工作。1(教材P28)
22、On the whole the warming of the earth is a phenomenon that causes great concern. 总体上来说，全球气候变暖是一种引起广泛关注的现象。on the whole总的看来；大体上；基本上Living in town is pleasant but, on the whole, I like the country better.住在城里是愉快的，但是，总的来看，我更喜欢农村。The two buildings are similar on_the_whole. 从整体来看， 这两幢楼是相似的。名师点津表示“总体上；总之”
23、的短语荟萃generally (speaking)/in general 常来说；总的来说in a word 之as a whole 为一个整体；总体上2(教材P29)The greenhouse effect gives the earths surface the average temperature of 15.温室效应使地球表面温度平均增加15。average (1)adj.平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的40 hours is a fairly average working week for most people.对大多数人来说，一周工作40小时是相当正常的。(2)n.平均数；平
24、均水平；一般水准an average of均有(后跟数词)on (the) average 均起来above/below (the) average 平均水平以上/以下Men lose an average of 34 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more.随着年龄的增长，男士的身高平均减少34公分，而女士可能减少5公分或更多一些。Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 above_the_average. (2
25、015重庆高考单选)去年是有史以来最暖和的一年，全球温度比平均值高出0.68摄氏度。(3)v.平均为；计算出的平均数average out出平均数They averaged_out the numbers and got the result 7. 他们算出这几个数的平均数是7。3(教材P30)I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming. 我正在代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。on behalf ofon ones behalf 代表一方；作为的代言人On behalf of the company a
26、s a whole, I would like to thank you for all your work. 我代表全公司对你的工作表示感谢。 My husband could not be here tonight, but I want to thank you on his behalf.今晚我丈夫有事不能前来，我代表他向你们致谢。4(教材P30)Together, individuals can make a difference. We do not have to put up with pollution. 众人拾柴火焰高。我们不必去忍受污染。put up with 容忍；忍受
27、put aside省；储蓄；储存put away 起来put down 下；写下；镇压put forward 出建议；把向前拨put off 期；推迟put out 灭；扑灭I can put up with the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean.我可以容忍房间里不整齐，但是我讨厌房间里脏。We are trying to put aside some money every month for our vacation.我们尽量每月存些钱供度假用。He put_forward a plan for the committ
28、ee to consider.他提出一项计划交由委员会审议。5(教材P30)Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.如果条件允许，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。circumstance n. (pl) 环境；情况in/under the circumstances这种情况下；既然如此in/under no circumstances 不；无论如何都不(位于句首时，用部分倒装结构)We cant take measures until weve known all
29、 the circumstances.直到摸清了所有的情况，我们才能采取措施。Under/In_the_circumstances,_it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。My teacher always reminds me that under no circumstances should_I_abandon my learning goals once I set them.我的老师总是提醒我，一旦设定了学习目标，在任何情况下都不应该放弃。It is OK to lea
30、ve an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it if not, turn it off!只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着如果不用，就把它关掉！(1)so/as long as “只要”，引导条件状语从句。As long as there is kindness and virtue, the world will become more beautiful. (2014广东高考写作)只要有善良和美德，世界将变得更加美丽。So/As_long_as_you_study_hard,_you will make great pr
31、ogress.只要你努力学习，就会取得很大的进步。辨析比较as long as, as well as, as far as, as good as短语原意引申义as long as与一样长只要as well as与一样好也；和as far as远及到就而言；至于as good as与一样好与几乎一样选择上述词语填空We as_well_as Tom went to Hainan to spend our holiday.As_far_as I am concerned, I am strongly against the plan.A distant relative is not as_g
32、ood_as a near neighbour.You can borrow my car as_long_as you promise not to drive too fast.(2)句中if not是if you are not using it的省略形式。I may come tonight. If not ( If I dont come tonight), I will try to manage tomorrow. 今晚我可能来，如果不来的话，我明天一定来。与“if not”类似的省略结构还有：if ever果有过/发生过的话if any 果有的话if possible 果可能的
33、话if necessary 果有必要if so 果这样He seldom if_ever travels abroad.他到国外旅行，即使有过，也是极少的。If_necessary,_Ill go there myself.如果必要的话，我将亲自去那儿一趟。.单句语法填空1Under these circumstances (circumstance), you might agree with us that it is rather difficult for your products to set foot in this market.2Tom is a top student, a
34、nd he is above the average in his reading ability.3Let me put down your telephone number in case I forget it.4On behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.5My deskmate is good, kind, hardworking and intelligent. On the whole, I cant speak too highly of him.补全句子1As i
35、s shown in the picture above, under no circumstances should_you_lose_faith.正如上面图画所显示的那样，你在任何情况下都不要失去信心。2Im not going to put_up_with_your_bad_manners any longer.我再也无法容忍你的无礼了。3(2013湖南高考书面表达)In our life we may meet many failures, so/as_long_as_we_try_best,_there is no need to feel regret for these fail
36、ures.生活中我们可能遇到许多的失败，但只要我们尽了力，就没有必要为失败而后悔。4Im greatly honored to put on performance here on_behalf_of_my_school. 很荣幸在这儿代表我的学校演出。5If_possible,_try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。6On_average,_American firms remain the most productive in the world. 平均起来，美国公司在全
37、球范围内还是产值最高。 一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高本课语言点针对练习.单词拼写1Wherever you go, you can find this kind of widespread (分布广的) plant.2Barbara is in her late forties and has a tendency (倾向) to complain about what she doesnt feel content with.3If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a commitment (承诺)4Many p
38、eople advocate (主张) building more hospitals here.5There has been a growth (增长) in the number of college students.6A cool drink refreshed (使恢复) me after my long walk.7Roberts contribution (贡献) to the company should also be remembered.8Last week we went to the presentation (演出) of a new play.9There wa
39、s apparent disagreement (不一致) between their stories.10They are thinking of ways to deal with air pollution (污染).选词填空and so on， have an effect on， under no circumstances， so long as， make a difference， put up with， as a result， instead of， carry out， on behalf of1They got together to discuss how to c
40、arry_out the plan.2On_behalf_of my family, I express our thanks to you all for your help.3Under_no_circumstances shall we leave our hometown.4He just spent a whole day resting instead_of working.5Every word from the parents will have_an_effect_on the child.6This shop sells clothes, shoes, hats and_s
41、o_on.7It is too dry. As_a_result,_we have to water the vegetable garden.8So_long_as we are invited we will attend his birthday party.9She likes complaining everything that doesnt agree with her, which I almost cant put_up_with.10I appreciate your suggestion very much, which has made_a_difference to
42、me.本单元语言点温故练习.句型转换(每空一词)1He didnt attend the meeting because he was ill.It was because he was ill that he didnt attend the meeting.2When did you call me yesterday?When was it that you called me yesterday?3Did the Second World War break out in 1939?Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?4
43、I dont know why you want to change your mind.I dont know why it was that you want to change your mind.5She didnt realize it was too late to go home until the sun set.It was not until the sun set that she realized it was too late to go home.6What he said disappointed me.It was what he said that disap
44、pointed me.补全句子1How_did_it_come_about_that he was dismissed?We havent figured it out yet. 他怎么会被解雇了呢？到现在我们也没有弄明白。2He subscribed_a_large_sum_of_money_to the local charity.他向当地慈善机构捐了一大笔钱。3A large quantity of icecream has_been_sold_out since the temperature began to rise. 自从气温升高，大量的冰激凌已经被卖出去了。4His drivi
45、ng carelessly resulted_in_a_serious_accident the other day.几天前他的粗心驾驶造成了一场严重事故。5The villagers opposed_the_government_building a new factory here.村民反对政府在这儿建一个新工厂。6She studied hard, and as_a_consequence she passed the examination.她努力学习，结果通过了考试。7We stood on the top of the mountain and the stadium was ju
46、st within/in_our_range_of_vision.我们站在山顶上，体育馆正好在我们看得见的地方。8I took_a_glance_at/glanced_at_the_hall and found many familiar faces among the audience.我扫视了一下大厅，发现观众中有许多熟悉的面孔。9Even_if/though_youre_fluent in English, you may experience linguistic difficulties in the UK.即使你英语流利，在英国你也许还是会遇到语言困难。10If we can do
47、 as mentioned above, there_is_no_doubt_that we can master English. 如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问地，我们就能精通英语。二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.阅读理解All around the word, shoppers flock to Walmart to buy everything. In Texas, they come for another reason: to see the wind turbine (涡轮机), which supplies 5% of the stores electricity. It a
48、long with other facilities, such as exterior walls coated with heatreflective paint, makes this Walmart a green giant.The laws of economics suggest that Walmart, with 5,200 stores worldwide, influences everything including the price of all kinds of goods. It throws its weight behind environmental re
49、sponsibility, and the impact could be amazing. “One little change in product packaging could save 1,500 trees，” says Walmart CEO Lee Scott. “If everybody saves 1,500 trees, or 50 barrels of oil, at the end of the day you will make a huge difference.”Scott wants Walmart to do its part too. He has pro
50、mised to cut the existing greenhouse gas emissions (排放) over the next few years and promised to construct new stores that are more efficient. He wants Walmarts fleet (车队) of more than 7,000 trucks to get twice as many miles per gallon by 2015. Factories that show Walmart theyre cutting air pollution
51、 will get preferential treatment in the supply chain. Walmart says its working with consumer product manufacturers to reduce their packaging and will reward them if they do so.Some people may doubt it is a bid to attract attention from Walmarts controversial labor and health insurance practices. But
52、 its not just window dressing, because Walmart sees profits in going green. Scott says, “This_is_a_business_philosophy,_not_a_social_philosophy. We dont go where we dont think theres a great interest in change.”Like Bill Gates, who started his charitable foundation, Scott happens to be promoting Wal
53、marts image at a time when his companys reputation is declining. He acknowledges that he launched the plan partly to shield (保护) Walmart from bad press about its contribution to global warming. “By doing what were doing today, we avoid the headline risks that are going to come for people who did not
54、 do anything，” he says. “At some point businesses will be held responsible for the actions they take.” Meanwhile, should Walmart succeed in shrinking its environmental footprints and lowering prices for green products, both the planet and the company would profit.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了沃尔玛采取的保护环境的措施以及采取这些
55、措施后所带来的利益。1We can infer from the passage that _.ALee Scott is Walmarts CEOBthere are 5,200 stores in the worldCWalmart has a great influence on the world marketDWalmart has more than 7,000 trucks all over the world解析：选C推理判断题。从第二段中的“The laws of economics . all kinds of goods.”可以推断，沃尔玛对全球市场有巨大影响，因此C项正
56、确。2What does the underlined sentence mean in the fourth paragraph?AWalmart predicts huge profits in its green activity.BWalmarts green activity is just window dressing.CWalmart aims to solve its health insurance practices.DWalmart doesnt have any social responsibility at all.解析：选A句意理解题。从第四段，特别是画线句后面
57、的“We dont go . in change.”可推断，这句话表明：沃尔玛从这些环保的活动中将获得经济利益。3What will Walmart probably do in the future?AReduce air pollution in its present stores.BGive favorable treatment to its consumers.CAsk the factories to reduce their packaging.DDemand the fleet of trucks to use more fuel than before.解析：选A细节理解题
58、。从第三段中的“Factories that . in the supply chain.”可知，未来沃尔玛会关注减少空气污染的问题。4What is the main idea of the last paragraph?AProvide the background of the green plan.BStress the purpose of Walmarts green plan.CPresent the risk that Walmart is facing nowadays.DAnalyze the similarity between Bill Gates and Scott.
59、解析：选B段落大意题。根据最后一段第二句“He acknowledges . global warming.”可知，这段主要分析沃尔玛采取这些措施的目的。.阅读七选五Why is communication important?The importance of communication cannot be denied. Using effective communication skills is very important to relationships and to success at work. There are a number of reasons that commu
60、nication is so important to us. Here are a few：_1_ When you clearly communicate your wants, your needs, and your purposes, there will be no misunderstanding. Many of our arguments and disagreements occur simply because one of us did not communicate clearly.Another example of the importance of commun
61、ication can be seen in the medical field. When a doctor tells a patient his diagnosis (诊断) and gives instructions for care and medicine, it is important that the patient understands exactly what the doctor wants to communicate._2_Strengthen relationships. We get to know each other (either in busines
62、s or personally) by talking and listening. _3_ People like people they know. In business, the more personable business person, who shows an interest in his or her customer, wins the sale every time over the business person who shows no interest in the customer, whatsoever!Relieve (缓解) stress. _4_ Yo
63、u feel as if some of the burden (负担) has been lifted from you when a friend listens and shows that he or she cares. Increase confidence. When you communicate well, people respond positively to you. And that helps to increase your confidence!The importance of communication skills becomes obvious when
64、 you think of the many times that you communicate with someone during a single day._5_ABuild trust.BPrevent misunderstandings.COtherwise, serious results could occur!DKnowing more about someone strengthens that relationship.ETaking the time to improve your communication skills is definitely worth the effort!FTalking about your problems and stress actually helps to relieve your stress and anxiety.GNo matter what, interpersonal skills are the foundation of any relationship, business or personal.答案：15BCDFE