1、Section Grammar & Writing现在完成时和现在完成进行时一、现在完成时1现在完成时的意义及其构成现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have/has过去分词。2通常使用现在完成时的几种情况情况常用时间状语例句表示过去发生的事对现在仍有影响already，yet，just，by this time，so far等I have already finished all the work.我已经做完了所有的工作。表示过去开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在all my life，all the time，so
2、far，up to now，in the past/last few years，since等Weve been good friends since we were very young. 我们从很小的时候就是好朋友了。在时间、条件等状语从句中，代替将来完成时when，before，once，as long as，if等Once you have promised，you should keep it.你一旦许下诺言，就应该遵守。 对接高考While online shopping _(change)our life，not all of its effects have been posi
3、tive.尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但是并不是所有的影响都是积极的。has changed解析：主语是online shopping，结合语境以及后面的have been可知，这里要用现在完成时。I_(read) half of the English novel，and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.这本英语小说我已经读了一半，这个周末我将尽力把它读完。have read解析：语境表示“已经读了一半”，应该用现在完成时表示过去发生并且对现在有影响的动作。3用于现在完成时的句型(1)It is the first/second.time tha
4、t.结构中的从句部分用现在完成时。如果主句是过去时，从句相应地改为过去完成时。It is the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次参观这座城市。It was the third time that the boy had been late.这是这个男孩第三次迟到了。(2)sb./sth.be形容词最高级that.结构，that从句要用现在完成时。如果主句是过去时，从句相应地改为过去完成时。You are the most creative man that I have ever met.你是我遇到过的人中最有创造性的一位。(3)s
5、ince引导时间状语从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。It has been/is a long time since I last came to the city.自从我上次到这个城市来，已经有好长一段时间了。I started my teaching career at that school.That was more than twenty years ago，and I have been there ever since.我是在那个学校开始我的教书生涯的。那是二十多年前的事了，从那时起我就一直在那儿。非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态
6、是可以持续的。(错)I have received his letter for a month.(对)I received his letter a month ago.(对)I havent received his letter for a month. 对接高考The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody_(see) them since.那些报告2012年就丢失了，从那以后没有人看见过它们。has seen解析：根据句意可知是指“自从2012年这些文件不见”是开始，到现在为止没有人看见。since经常和现在完成时连用。It is the mo
7、st instructive lecture that I _(attend) since I came to this school.这是自我入校以来听过的最有教育意义的报告。have attended解析：此处是指自入校到现在，所以用现在完成时。4have gone to与have been to的区别have gone to表示“到某地去了”，动作的执行者不在说话现场。have been to表示“去过某地”，是回来之后再谈论去过某地的情况，常与表示次数的状语连用。Mary has gone to the library.玛丽去图书馆了。(现在还没回来)Mary has been to
8、Hong Kong twice.玛丽去过香港两次了。(现在已经回来)二、现在完成进行时1现在完成进行时的意义及其构成现在完成进行时表示某一动作从过去开始发生，已经持续到现在，并且还将有可能持续下去。其构成： have/hasbeendoing。2该时态多用延续性动词，并常和all the time，this month，all night，all the morning，recently以及since和for引导的时间状语从句连用。3使用现在完成进行时的两种情况情况例句表示一个由过去某时起一直持续的动作，这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能还在进行There you are！Ive been wait
9、ing for an hour. 你到底来了！我等了你一个小时了。表示在持续的一段时间中动作的多次反复Weve all long been making mistakes like this. 我们一直犯这样的错误。 对接高考Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars.We_(wait) here for more than two hours.对不起，你们在等什么电影？新版的星球大战。我们在这里等了两个多小时了。have been waiting解析：根据时间状语判断，语境表示在过去很长时间里一直在做某事，并且还将继
10、续，此时应用现在完成进行时。Since the time humankind started gardening，we _ (try) to make our environment more beautiful.自从人类开始搞园艺活动到现在，我们一直都在让我们的环境更美丽。have been trying解析：since引导的从句经常要和现在完成时以及现在完成进行时连用。本句使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的持续性。Tony ，why are your eyes red ?I _(cut) up peppers for the last five minutes.Tony，为什么你的眼睛那么红啊
11、？在过去的5分钟里，我一直都在切辣椒。have been cutting解析：根据句意可知，本句表示在过去的一段时间里一直都在做某事，所以使用现在完成进行时表示动作的持续性和反复性。The girl has a great interest in sport and _(take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.这个女孩对运动很感兴趣，在过去的三年里一直一周两次去上羽毛球课。has been taking解析：时间状语over the last three years，表示以现在为起点的过去的三年时间。“tak
12、e”这个动作从过去到现在一直有规律地(一周两次)持续，并且有可能持续下去，符合现在完成进行时的特点。In order to find the missing child，villagers _(do) all they can over the past five hours.为了找到丢失的孩子，在过去的5个小时里，村民们做了他们所能做的一切。have been doing解析：over the past five hours通常与完成时连用，再结合can的时态，可知在过去到现在的这段时间里村民们一直在寻找，并有可能继续找下去。因此，符合现在完成进行时的使用条件。三、现在完成时与现在完成进行时
13、的区别现在完成时现在完成进行时动作的“完成性”可表示反复发生或刚刚结束的动作表示持续的、不间断的动作，侧重延续性谓语动词的种类可用状态动词也可用动作动词只能用动作动词 对接高考The manager _(tell) the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.经理从早上9点开始就一直在不停地告诉工人们如何改进这个项目。has been telling解析：现在完成进行时表示：过去某一动作从过去开始一直延续到现在，现在刚刚结束或还在进行。 用所给动词的适当形式填空1Do you know about our school?No，this i
14、s the first time I _(be) here.答案：have been2This is the first time that we _(face) such a problem.答案：have faced3She _(work) like that all the time.答案：has been working4We _(see) quite a lot of each other recently.答案：have been seeing5My sister _(be) a college student for three years.答案：has been6The fil
15、m _(be) on for five minutes.答案：has been7I _(hear) nothing from him up to now.答案：have heard8Tom _(read) stories，but he didnt read last night.答案：has been reading 语法与写作1Nancy doesnt look very well.Whats wrong with her?She has a terrible headache because she _(学习的时间太长了)She should stop to have a good res
16、t.答案：has been studying too long2I wonder if you could go to the movie with me.Oh, just leave me alone.I _(一直在写)a composition all the morning and havent finished yet.答案：have been writing3The Chinese _(一直造纸) for two thousand years.答案：have been making paper4We _(讨论) the problem for quite a long time, b
17、ut we _(没有达成) any conclusion yet.答案：have been discussing；havent reached5When Nancy was at college，she _(她会说三种外语)But I am surprised to find that she _(已经忘了) all except a few words of each.答案：spoke three foreign languages；has forgotten如何写调查报告 文体感知调查报告的基本框架有：调查内容(主要内容、对象、方式)；调查结果；解决措施或个人观点或建议。调查报告的命题形式
18、一般提供图(graph)或表(table)，要求用简洁、生动的语言把图中所提供的信息准确、完整地表达出来。图表作文的三个层次要求：第一层次的核心是“图文转换”，即将图表的主要内容和信息用语言叙述出来；第二层次是在简单要求的基础上对图表进行解读，写出图表实际要表达的内涵意义；第三层次要求在前两个层次的基础上对图表的含义进行引申与议论，有的要求给出结论，有的要求写出你自己的观点等。 常用句式1直接点明本图表所反映的主题“如图所知/所示”相关表达法：According to the table/chart/graph，we can see/conclude that.The table/graph/
19、data shows/indicates/points out that.As we can see from the table，.As can be seen from the graph，.As is shown in the chart，.2分析数据间的主要差异及描述表示增加的动词或词语：increase/rise/climb/go up/jump/rocket/double等；表示减少的动词或词语：decrease/go down/drop/fall/decline/reduce等；表示稳定的动词或词语：remain stable/go on steadily/stay the sa
20、me等；表示变化的形容词、副词：rapid/rapidly，slow/slowly，sudden/suddenly，gradual/gradually，sharp/sharply，steady/steadily，slight/slightly，significant/significantly，dramatic/dramatically.描述增减变化常用的句型：Compared with A，B increased by.The percentage of.is larger/smaller than that of.The number is.times as.as that of.The
21、number is.times more than that of.There was a drop/fall/rise/an increase in.3归纳总结或发表评论表总结的常用短语和句型：in a word，in short，in conclusion，in summary，to sum up，to conclude，generally speaking，Its clear from the chart that.，We can draw the conclusion that.，We can learn/know. 写作要求某英语报社正在举行征文比赛，题目是“谈谈你对现代中学生庆祝西
22、方节日的看法”。假设你经过调查总结出以下两方面观点，请根据表格写一篇100词左右的文章。赞成反对1.促进对西方文化的了解2.西方节日趣味性强1.学生盲目追求时尚2.不了解西方节日的历史3.对中国传统节日兴趣减弱 审题谋篇项目结论体裁应用文话题调查报告时态一般现在时人称第三人称；第一人称 词句推敲1词汇庆祝_同时 _传统节日 _过时 _用适当的方式 _答案：celebrateat the same timetraditional festivalsout of datein a proper way2句式(1)一句多译在我看来，对中学生来说庆祝西方节日是了解西方文化的好方法。_，celebrat
23、ing Western festivals is a good way for middle school students to understand more about Western culture._，celebrating Western festivals is a good way for middle school students to understand more about Western culture._，celebrating Western festivals is a good way for middle school students to unders
24、tand more about Western culture.事实上，他们不了解西方节日的历史。_，they know little about the history of Western festivals._，they know little about the history of Western festivals.(2)合并句子For example，some students simply do it.Western festivals are popular among young people.(用状语从句合并句子)_答案：(1)In my opinion；As far a
25、s Im concerned；As for meIn fact；As a matter of fact/Actually(2)For example，some students simply do it because Western festivals are popular among young people. 妙笔成篇_One possible version：Nowadays，many middle school students like celebrating Western festivals，such as Christmas and April Fools Day.Acco
26、rding to the recent survey，opinions on this phenomenon differ among people.In supporters opinion，celebrating Western festivals is a good way for middle school students to understand more about Western culture.At the same time，many Western festivals are very interesting.However，there are also some di
27、sadvantages of celebrating Western festivals.For example，some students simply do it because Western festivals are popular among young people.In fact，they know little about the history of Western festivals.In some cases，students dont want to celebrate our own traditional festivals because they think
28、that traditional Chinese festivals are out of date.As far as I am concerned，celebrating Western festivals can enrich our life.However，Western festivals could bring culture shock.In a word，we should combine them in a proper way.A卷 单句语法填空1Hi, waiter.How about my dish? I _(wait) for 20 minutes.Oh, sorr
29、y madam.Just a minute, please.答案：have been waiting2Why havent you asked her to come here?She _(do) an important experiment when I found her and she _(not finish) it.答案：was doing；hasnt finished3Leonardo da Vinci(14521519) is said _(buy) birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting the
30、m free.答案：to have bought4 Do you know our country at all? No, this is the first time I _(be) here.答案：have been5It is easy to pick _ my car from others in the parking lot, it has a picture of Mickey Mouse on the back.答案：out6Because of the financial crisis(经济危机), over 7，000 companies in that area _ do
31、wn till now and still some _ down.(close)答案：have closed；are closing7Helen rushed out of the classroom，_(leave) the door unlocked.答案：leaving8Many foreign companies still report _(do) good business in China.答案：doing9They are trying to step _ the project to meet the deadline.答案：up10Alexander tried to h
32、ave his work _(recognize) in the medical field.答案：recognized 阅读理解Khan Academy is a website providing a free education for any person.The website includes more than 4，000 short teaching videos about many different subjects.Every month, over 7 million people go to the Khan Academy website to watch its
33、 videos.Khan Academy began with one man named Salman Khan.As a young man, Khan got a degree from Harvard Business School and began to work in business.In 2006, Khan used the Internet to help his young cousins, who lived far away, with their mathematics schoolwork.He drew numbers and pictures on the
34、website to teach them.After a time, he put his videos onto the website YouTube, where his cousins could watch them any time they wanted.But Khan noticed that other people were also watching his videos on YouTube.By 2009, the number of people watching his videos on YouTube was getting very large.Khan
35、 decided to make the videos his job instead.So he officially began Khan Academy, providing videos on mathematics and other school subjects.People did not have to pay to watch the videos.But they could give Khan money if they wanted to support his work.Some people did give Khan small amounts of money
36、, but he was still having a hard time.Later, a woman told Khan that Bill Gates used Khan Academy for his kids.After that, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation began giving money to Khan Academy.In 2010 Google gave the website money too, wanting Khan to translate his videos into the worlds most comm
37、on languages.Today, people can see Khans videos in many different languages.Some people think that Khan Academy will be the way more and more people learn in the future.Teachers can use it in their classrooms.Khan believes that Khan Academy will never, and should never, replace a school.But he belie
38、ves teachers and students can use it to make schools better.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Khan Academy这个学习网站的成立背景、发展过程以及现状。1What can one get from Khan Academy?AVideomaking methods.BFree learning information.CAny help with the schoolwork.DA good number of beautiful pictures.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Khan Academy is a
39、 website providing a free education for any person.可知。2In its early days, Khan Academy_.Afaced money problemsBhad trouble with languageCwas unpopular with schoolsDhad a shortage of skilled teachersA解析：细节理解题。根据第五段可知，Khan Academy网站在创办初期曾遇到过资金问题。3What does Salman Khan think of Khan Academy?AIt will pla
40、y an active role in school teaching.BIt can replace teachers in classrooms.CIt can replace a teaching school.DIts the future of education.A解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的But he believes teachers and students can use it to make schools better.可知，Salman Khan觉得他的网站可以促进教学。4The text is mainly written to_.Adescribe an
41、academic leaderBintroduce a learning websiteCoffer some network knowledgeDcompare two different learning stylesB解析：写作意图题。本文主要介绍了Khan Academy这个学习网站的成立背景、发展过程以及现状，由此可知B项概括正确。 完形填空As I was making my way to the coffee shop, I noticed an older gentleman poorly dressed sitting on a _1_nearby.I knew from f
42、irst sight that he was in need of some kind of _2_He had a little lunch stretched out in front of him and was wholeheartedly _3_it.Then I _4_the line and waited to be served.There was a young man in front of me.He handed the waitress a twenty dollar bill and _5_an orange juice and a _6_The waitress
43、looked at the young man a little _7_， not fully understanding the request.That was when the young man _8_her to give the juice to the older gentleman eating his lunch outside on the bench.The young man also told her that he would be watching every second _9_she would be completely safe at all times.
44、_10_there was a wonderful _11_between the waitress and the older man in need of some attention.I only wish I had a photo of the _12_on the both of their faces.As I was _13_this event later on, I wondered why the young man didnt just _14_this act of kindness himself.I suspect that deep out in his hea
45、rt he was _15_that this act of kindness might _16_others to do something for this older man as well.There are _17_ways of thinking when we come across someone such as this older gentleman._18_hes just simply lazy and doesnt work hard enough in his life.Or he should have gone to school and made _19_u
46、se of what he has.But just maybe he needs a helping hand and thank God for this young man who inspired others to _20_as well.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。 “我” 在咖啡店里看到一位衣衫褴褛的老人坐在门外的长凳上， 一位年轻人花钱让服务员给他送上橘子汁并关照他。年轻人的善行让“我”思考：为别人做善事会让社会更美好。1A.chairBbench Cfence DtableB解析：根据第三段第一句中的“on the bench” 可知， 这位衣衫褴褛的老人坐在长凳上。故
47、B项正确。2A.helpBrescue Cattraction DserviceA解析：根据上句中“.an older gentleman poorly dressed.” 以及最后一段中的“he needs a helping hand” 可知， 这位老人有绅士风度， 但衣衫褴褛， 故可以判断， 他需要某种帮助。A项意为“帮助” , 符合语境。故A项正确。B项意为“解救”； C项意为“吸引”； D项意为“服务”， 都与语境不符。3A.tastingBpacking CenjoyingDorderingC解析：根据该句中的“wholeheartedly” 可推知， 虽然他的午餐较少， 但他全心
48、享受。C项意为“享受”， 符合语境。故C项正确。A项意为“品尝”； B项意为“打包”； D项意为“命令”， 都与语境不符。4A.jumped Bjoined Cheld DtookB解析：根据该句中的“the line and waited to be served”可知， “我”加入了排队， 等候服务。join意为“加入”， 符合语境。故B项正确。A项意为“跳”； C项意为“支持， 拿住”； D项意为“拿”， 都与语境不符。5A.preparedBsupplied Cproduced DrequestedD解析：根据下句中的“the request”可知， 这位年轻男子给了服务员20美元，
49、点了橘子汁， 并请求服务员帮个忙。D项意为“请求， 要求， 需要”， 符合语境。故D项正确。A项意为“准备”； B项意为“提供”； C项意为“生产”， 都与语境不符。6A.favourBcheck Ctip DreplyA解析：根据下文内容可知， 这位年轻人要求服务员帮他忙， 去给老人送橘子汁。favour意为 “帮忙”， 符合语境。故A项正确。7A.shocked Bannoyed Cpuzzled DdisturbedC解析：根据该句中的“not fully understanding the request” 可知， 服务员不能完全理解他的要求， 故此处指感到困惑。C项意为“困惑的， 迷
50、惑不解的”， 符合语境。故C项正确。A项意为“震惊的”； B项意为“烦恼的”； D项意为“打扰的， 心烦意乱的”， 都与语境不符。8A.commandedBbegged CrequiredDaskedD解析：句意：那时那位年轻人让她去给在门外长凳上吃饭的老人送橘子汁。ask sb.to do sth.意为“让某人做某事”， 符合语境。故D项正确。9A.in caseBeven though Cso that Donly ifC解析：句意：年轻人还告诉她他将一直观察着， 因此她将一直完全安全。so that意为“所以”， 引导结果状语从句， 符合语境。故C项正确。A项意为“以防， 万一”； B项
51、意为“尽管， 即使”； D项意为“只有”， 都与语境不符。10A.Besides BAfterwards COtherwiseDAnyhowB解析：根据语境可知， 在那位年轻顾客提出要求之后， 服务员去给老人送橘子汁。B项意为“随后， 后来”， 符合语境。故B项正确。A项意为“此外”； C项意为“否则”； D项意为“无论如何， 总之”， 都与语境不符。11A.debate Bimpression Cbargain DexchangeD解析：根据该句中的“between the waitress and the older man”可知， 那位需要关注的老人和服务员之间进行了一次美好的交换， 即
52、服务员给老人送上了橘子汁。D项意为“交换， 交流， 交易”， 符合语境。故D项正确。12A.smiles Bworries Ctears DhopesA解析：句意：我只是希望我能拍下他们两人脸上的笑容。A项意为“微笑， 笑容”， 符合语境。故A项正确。B项意为“担心”； C项意为“眼泪”； D项意为“希望”， 都与语境不符。13A.picking outBcarrying on Cthinking aboutDmaking upC解析：根据该句中的“later on”可知， 后来“我”回想起这件事。think about意为“回想”， 符合语境。故C项正确。A项意为“选择出， 挑出”； B项意
53、为“坚持”； D项意为“编造”， 都与语境不符。14A.introduceBperform CignoreDpassB解析：根据该句中的“act” 可知， “我” 想知道为什么这位年轻人不自己去做这次的善行。perform意为“做， 履行， 执行”， 符合语境。故B项正确。15A.guessingBhoping Cjudging DconcludingB解析：根据该句中的“others to do something for this older man as well” 可知， 他在内心深处希望这种善行可以鼓励他人也如此做。B项意为“希望”， 符合语境。故B项正确。A项意为“猜”； C项意为
54、“判断”； D项意为“得出结论”， 都与语境不符。16A.inspireBforce Cwarn DinstructA解析：根据该句中的“others to do something for this older man” 以及本文最后一句中的“inspired others” 可知， 他在内心深处希望这种善行可以鼓励他人也来为这位老人服务。A项意为“鼓励”， 符合语境。故A项正确。B项意为“强迫”； C项意为“警告”； D项意为“指导”， 都与语境不符。17A.valuable Buseful Cvarious DpracticalC解析：根据复数可数名词“ways”以及下文列举的各种猜想可
55、知， 当我们遇到像这样的老人时， 会有许多种想法。C项意为“多种多样的”， 符合语境。故C项正确。A项意为“有价值的”； B项意为“有用的”； D项意为“实用的”， 都与语境不符。18A.CertainlyBPossibly CObviouslyDAbsolutelyB解析：句意：很可能他只是懒惰或是在生活中工作不够努力。与下文中的“should have gone” 以及“maybe” 相呼应可知， 此处是指推测。B项意为“可能”， 符合语境。故B项正确。19A.closer Bwider CharderDbetterD解析：句意：或者他本应该去上学， 以更加充分地利用他所拥有的。make
56、better use of为固定搭配， 意为“更加充分地利用”， 符合语境。故D项正确。20A.goodnessBconfidence Crespect DcreativityA解析：根据上文可知， 这位年轻人让别人做了善事， 由此可推知， 这位年轻人也鼓励别人表现出了善良。A项意为“善良”， 符合语境， 故A项正确。B项意为“信心”； C项意为“尊敬”； D项意为“创造力”， 都与语境不符。B卷 阅读理解AIts 11 pm., and Im still sitting here writing this article for the school magazine! Ive had tw
57、o weeks to write it, and my teacher, Julia, wants it tomorrow. Shes always complaining(抱怨) that I leave things till the last minute. Maybe shes right.A month ago I made a decision to be more efficient(有效率的) this year. Well, Ive clearly failed. Ive also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now. I
58、ve started going to the health club. Ive even been going to bed earlier. But Im not feeling any fitter, just a little unhappier. I miss my bad habits. Why is leading a better life so hard?Ive just read an article on a website, and Ive discovered that it isnt my fault(过错)! In fact, it isnt anyones fa
59、ult. Its our brains. Its programmed to make it difficult to break bad habits. Theres nothing we can do. Scientists have done experiments that show we use one part of our brain when we think about ourselves and another when we think about other people. However, when we think about ourselves in the fu
60、ture, we use the same part of the brain that we usually use to think about other people. In other words, the brain sees the “future you” as a different person than your “present you”Thats why we dont always find it easy to make good decisions for ourselves in the future.But thats not all. Scientists
61、 have also discovered that it takes around ten weeks to form a good habit. Thats the amount(数量) of time the brain needs to accept new behavioral patterns(形式)The good news is that once you make it to ten weeks, everything becomes a lot easier. The bad news is that ten weeks is a really long time, so
62、its easy to give up what you want to do before then.So even when we want to change our ways and become better people, our brains wont let us. Or is this just an excuse? LookIve finished my article on time! Anything is possible!【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者分析了为何习惯不容易被改变。1In Julias eyes, what kind of person is th
63、e author?AA bit lazy.BQuite smart.CVery healthy.DTruly honest.A解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的Julia.always complaining(抱怨) that I leave things till the last minute可知，作者总是把事情留到最后时刻才做，故在老师Julia眼里，他有点懒散。2What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?AWhy we cant have a better life.BHow our brain sees ourselves in the future.CH
64、ow our brain helps us make good decisions.DWhy it is not easy for us to change our habits.D解析：段落大意题。由第二段可知，作者想改掉以前的习惯却发现很难。第三段承接上段内容，由其中的Its our brains. Its programmed to make it difficult to break bad habits.可知，作者在本段介绍他看到的一篇关于大脑在人们做决定时如何运转的文章，旨在告诉读者为何改变旧的习惯是如此之难。3According to scientists, in order t
65、o form the habit of taking exercise, the author needs to take about _Aanother two weeksBanother four weeksCanother six weeksDanother ten weeksC解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的Ive also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now.和倒数第二段中的Scientists have also discovered that it takes around ten weeks to form a good ha
66、bit.可知，根据科学家的研究，已锻炼四周的作者，再需要大约六周的时间就能养成锻炼的好习惯。BEating processed meat can cause cancer, World Health Organization(WHO) experts said Monday.Processed meat is meat that has been preserved by curing, salting, smoking, drying or canning.Experts from the WHOs International Agency for Research on Cancer (I
67、ARC) in Lyon, France, studied 800 cases.IARC researchers linked processed meat, such as hot dogs and ham, to bowel cancer, as well as pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer.The IARC has included processed meat in its group 1 list, for which there is “sufficient evidence” of links to cancer.Tobacco, a
68、sbestos and diesel fumes are also on the group 1 list.WHO experts also called red meat, including beef, lamb and pork, probably carcinogenic(致癌的) to humans.Dr.Kurt Straif is with the IARC.He said in a statement that the risk of cancer increases with the amount of meat a person eats.A person who cons
69、umes 50 grams of processed meat per dayabout two pieces of baconincreases his or her risk of bowel cancer by 18 percent.Health experts in some countries already advise against eating large amounts of red and processed meat.But those advisories had been centered on the increased risks of heart diseas
70、e and obesity.Meat industry groups are protesting the WHO study.They say that meat is part of a balanced diet.They also say the causes of cancer are broad, and include environmental and lifestyle factors.The WHO report cited the Global Burden of Disease project, which estimates that diets high in pr
71、ocessed meat lead to 34，000 cancer deaths per year worldwide.4According to the text, which of the following does not belong to red meat?APork.BChicken.CBeef.DLamb.B解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“WHO experts also called red meat, including beef, lamb and pork”可知，chicken不属于red meat。5In Dr.Kurts view, which of the
72、following statements is TRUE?AMeat is absolutely harmful to peoples health.BEating meat can cause bowel cancer for sure.CA person will not develop cancer if he or she consumes less than 50 grams of processed meat a day.DThe more a person eats red or processed meat, the more likely he is to suffer fr
73、om bowel cancer.D解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“He said in a statement that the risk of cancer increases with the amount of meat a person eats.”患癌症的风险伴随着一个人吃肉的数量而增加。即“一个人吃红色肉类或加工过的肉类越多，患癌症的可能性就越大”。由此可知，正确答案应为D项。6The main idea of the last but one paragraph is_Ameat industries protest against the study of WHO on r
74、ed and processed meatBred meat and processed meat are considered a balanced diet by some meat industriesCthere are some other factors causing cancerDbad environment and unhealthy lifestyle may result in cancer to some extentA解析： 段落大意题。根据倒数第二段的首句可知，该段主要谈及的是一些肉类加工业对于世界卫生组织的研究结果表示的抗议。由此可知，正确答案为A项。7The
75、best title of the text might be_AFactors Causing CancersBA New WHO Study on MeatCWHO: Red and Processed Meat Can Cause CancerDMeat Industrys Protest Against the Study on MeatC解析： 标题归纳题。综合全文内容可知，全文主要介绍的是世界卫生组织(WHO)的一项研究结果，即“过量食用红色肉类或者加工过的肉类，人们会得癌症”。C项全面地概括了该主题。CPaper cutting is one of Chinas most pop
76、ular folk arts.Archaeological(考古学上的) finds show that the tradition started in the 6th century; it is even supposed that the beginning of paper cutting is even a few centuries earlier.Paper cuts have special importance at festivals and on holidays. To get rid of(摆脱) the old and bring good luck, peopl
77、e put up paper cuts on the windows on the Eve of the Spring Festival.Paper cuts are not produced by machine, but by hand.They are done all over China, but are different in the method in different areas. There are two methods of making paper cutsby using scissors (剪刀) or knives. As the name suggests,
78、 scissors cuttings are made with scissors. Several pieces of paper (up to eight pieces) are placed together. The patterns are then cut with pointed scissors. Knife cuttings are made by putting several pieces of paper on a table. Following a pattern, the artist cuts the patterns into the paper with a
79、 knife.In the past, paper cuts were usually made only by women and girls. They used scissors and paper to cut all kinds of pictures such as apple trees, peach blossoms, mice, fighting roosters(公鸡) and rabbits eating carrots. This used to be one of the skills that every girl was to master. Profession
80、al paper cutting artists are, on the other hand, almost always men who can make a living by working together in workshops. 【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国最为流行的民间艺术之一剪纸。8How long has paper cutting lasted at least?AAbout 600 years.BAbout 1，500 years.CAbout 2，000 years.DAbout 2，700 years.B解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，考古发现显
81、示剪纸起源于六世纪，甚至有人认为还要早上几个世纪。由此可以推知，剪纸至少有约1 500年的历史了。9People put up paper cuts on the windows in order to_Amake them look more beautifulBshow others their excellent skillsCbring them good luck in the new yearDsell them on the Eve of the Spring FestivalC解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句To get rid of(摆脱) the old and bri
82、ng good luck.可知，人们把剪纸贴在窗户上，是为了摆脱老旧的东西，带来好运。10What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?ATwo kinds of paper cuts.BPaper cuts are made by hand.CPaper cuts are made by machine.DThe process of making paper cuts.A解析：段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段介绍了两种不同的剪纸方法剪刀剪纸和刻刀剪纸。11Paper cuts are usually about_Afamily members o
83、f the artistsBsports and social activitiesCfights between animalsDthings in our daily lifeD解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的.such as apple trees，peach blossoms，mice，fighting roosters(公鸡) and rabbits eating carrots可以推知，剪纸的内容大多是日常生活中常见的事物。 书面表达随着电脑普及率的提高，老师、家长和学生对字迹的重视程度降低了。据一项调查显示，有85.8%的中学生说自己的字迹不好看，而他们又不想改善字迹，其理由
84、也各异。 请根据上图写一篇100词左右的英文短文，说明该现象并发表自己的看法。注意：开头已给出，但不计入总词数。Nowadays，with the growing popularity of computers，teachers，students and their parents are paying less and less attention to handwriting._One possible version：Nowadays，with the growing popularity of computers，teachers，students and their parents
85、are paying less and less attention to handwriting.According to a recent survey, about 85.8 percent of middle school students think that their handwriting is poor.Yet for various reasons, many students dont want to improve their handwriting.51.5 percent of the students think that they can just use a
86、computer, so there is no need to waste time improving their handwriting, and 32.3 percent believe that they are so busy with the study that they have no time to practice.10.9 percent think that practising handwriting is useless.There are also 5.3 percent for other reasons.Personally, beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial, especially for middle school students.Therefore, more emphasis should be placed on this aspect in future.