1、河北省平山县2015高考英语一轮练习（7）及答案阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion h
2、ad it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Euro
3、pe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit of dirt was longlived, dirt has no longer been rega
4、rded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War .Advertisements rep
5、eatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many firsttime parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible fo
6、r the spread of disease.On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter position is gaining some ground.本文介绍了人们对灰尘的不同态度和看法。16世纪早期，人们认为灰尘能阻挡疾病。人们不能洗澡。18世纪时人们认为洗掉灰尘对身体有好处，能阻止疾病。而现在，人们对灰尘有不同看法，有人认为不能碰灰
7、尘，而有人认为灰尘能增强免疫力。5The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because _.Athey lived healthily in a dirty environmentBthey thought bath houses were too dirty to stay inCthey believed disease could be spread in public bathsDthey considered bathing as the cause of skin disease
8、答案：C。细节理解题。根据短文第二段第二、三句话可知。人们认为公共浴池是特别危险的，法国和英国的国王都关闭了他们的浴池，由此可知C项正确。6Which of the following best describes Henry IVs attitude to bathing?AAfraid. BCurious.CApproving. DUninterested.来源:答案：A。推理判断题。根据短文第二段最后两句话可知，享利四世以脏出名，当他得知有人洗澡，为了避免疾病侵袭，他下令不准这人出门。由此可知享利四世对于洗澡是相当害怕的。7. How does the passage mainly de
9、velop?A. By providing examples.B. By making comparisons.C. By following the order of time.D. By following the order of importance.答案：C。细节理解题，本文是以时间为线索进行写作的。先写16世纪人们对灰尘的态度，然后是17世纪，最后写到今天人们的态度。8What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A. To stress the role of dirt.B. To introduce the history
10、 of dirt.C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.D. To present the change of views on dirt.答案：D。细节理解题。整篇文章作者陈述了三个不同的时间，人们对待灰尘的看法，由此向我们展示了人们对灰尘观点的改变。较难题目特训：科普知识类The latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not I. Q. , a generally bad predicto
11、r of success. Instead, its purposeful practice. Top performers spend more hours practising their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, youd take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldnt have to be a big talent, just enough so that she m
12、ight gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or, shared the same birthday. This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self
13、. It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join. It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. Armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers
14、without end. This would give her a primary know-ledge of her field. Shed be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings. Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and error-focused. By practising in this way, she delays the automati
15、zing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who
16、would provide a constant stream of feedback, viewing her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problemshow do I get characters into a roomdozens and dozens of times. She is establishing habits of thought she can
17、 call upon in order to understand or solve future problems. The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. Its the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine. The latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it under
18、lines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what were “hard-wired” to do. And its true that genes play a role in our capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves through behaviour.1. The passage mainly deals with.A. the function of
19、I. Q. in cultivating a writerB. the relationship between genius and successC. the decisive factor in making a geniusD. the way of gaining some sense of distinction2. By reading novels and writers stories, the girl could.A. come to understand the inner structure of writingB. join a fascinating circle
20、 of writers somedayC. share with a novelist her likes and dislikesD. learn from the living examples to establish a sense of security3. In the girls long painstaking training process, .A. her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her successB. her writing turns into an automatic pattern of per
21、formanceC. she acquires the magic of some great achievementsD. she comes to realize she is “hard-wired” to write4. What can be concluded from the passage? A. A fuelling ambition plays a leading role in ones success. B. A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing.C. As to th
22、e growth of a genius, I. Q. doesnt matter, but just his/her efforts. D. What really matters is what you do rather than who you are.【参考答案】22.1-4 CABD【山东省日照市2014高考英语一模试卷】 A new report from the United States surgeon general finds that smoking tobacco is even deadlier than had been knownThe report says
23、smoking causes birth diseasesa leading cause of death among babiesIt also links smoking to cancer of the liver and colon，diabetes and other illnesses The first USsurgeon generals report on tobacco and health was released in 1 964It was the first scientific report to link smoking with lung cancer and
24、 heart diseaseNow,50 years later,Acting Surgeon General Boris Lushniak has released a new reportHis report provides more evidence about smoking tobacco and how it can harm health “If were going to work together to achieve a society free of tobacco-related disease，this must be understood，”said Lushni
25、ak The new report urges increased use of tobaccocontrol measuresThe suggested controls include raising prices of cigarettes，and expanding bans on smoking in enclosed spaces. Doctor Lushniak also said smoking holds back the bodys natural defenses for fighting diseaseHe said this increases a smokers l
26、ikelihood of getting an infectious disease One of the most disturbing findings is that the disease risks from smoking by women have risen sharply over the last fifty yearsWomen are now as likely to die from smoking as men，women smokersrisk of lung cancer is now the same as men，and more women die fro
27、m chronic lung disease than men，”said Lushniak The new report finds that those who do not smoke are at a higher risk for stroke if left unprotected from tobacco smokeThe latest research also shows damage to unborn childrenBabies are more likelv to be born with cleft palate(先天性腭裂)if the mother smokes
28、The chemicals in tobacco smoke can have lasting effects on brain development in a fetus(胎儿) The surgeon general would like to see more action to keep young people from developing a smoking habitHe supports higher prices on cigarettes，more anti-smoking media campaigns and more help for people who wan
29、t to quit smoking56The new findings shows that smoking tobacco_Acan cause lung cancer and heart diseaseBhas little to do with diabetes and other diseasesCis the biggest health killer in the worldDdoes greater harm than what had been widely known57From the new report，we learn that_Amental disease is
30、a number one cause of deaths among babiesBsmoking weakens the bodys natural defensesCwomen smokers have a higher risk of lung cancer than menDtobacco smoke has no bad effect on unborn children58The underlined word“this”in Paragraph 3 refers to_Athe evidence about smoking and how it harms healthBa so
31、ciety free of tobacco-related diseasesCincreased use of tobaccocontrol measuresDthe first USsurgeon generals report59Which of the following will receive Lushniaks approval?ADecreasing prices of cigarettesBAllowing smoking in enclosed spacesCMore anti-smoking media campaignsDMore help for people who
32、smoke60What is the best title for the passage?AAnti-smoking Media CampaignsBThe First USSurgeon Generals ReportCTobacco-control Measures Benefit WomenDSmoking Causes More Health Problems【参考答案】56-60 DBACD 【语篇导读】抽烟会导致许多健康问题而不仅仅是肺癌。一份美国新报告发现，吸烟比过去所知晓的更为致命。该报告显示，吸烟会导致先天性缺陷，这是婴儿死亡的主要原因。报告称吸烟还与肝癌、结肠癌、糖尿病等
33、疾病有关。56. D 细节信息的理解。由文章第一段第一句“A new report is even deadlier than had been known.”可得出答案。新报告发现，吸烟比过去所知晓的更为致命。57. B 考查对短文多个信息的分析和概括。文章第五段“ smoking holds back the bodys natural defenses .”告诉我们：吸烟会抑制人体抵抗疾病的天然防御系统。因此，B为正确答案。58. A 根据上下文的逻辑判断指代关系。根据上下文结构及文意，可以得出结论：想要共同努力建设一个无烟草相关疾病的社会，我们必须知道更多吸烟及其危害健康的事实及证据。
34、59. C 根据细节信息作分析推断。由文章第四段和最后一段可以看出：Boris Lushniak的新报告督促增强烟草控制措施的运用，包括扩大密闭场所的禁烟令。他支持提高香烟价格，举办更多反对吸烟的媒体宣传活动，以及为戒烟者提供更多帮助。60. D 考查对文章主旨大意的理解。综合全文可知：抽烟会导致许多健康问题，而不仅仅是肺癌。社会生活类“BEIJING, Sep. 10 (Xinhuanet)The extra-large model baby in the Spain Pavilion (馆) was conceived (构思) by a Spanish filmmaker,” Shi Y
35、ingying reports. Visitors admiring the 6.5-meter-high giant baby, Miguelin, in the Spain Pavilion may be surprised to realize that it was not the concept of a famous designer or a group of groundbreaking engineers. It came from one filmmakers interpretation of the meaning of “Better City, Better Lif
36、e”. Spanish director Isabel Coixet developed the idea after being asked to contribute to Expo 2010 Shanghai. “They asked me to do something to tell the Chinese audience about Spain in the future and the first thing jumping to my mind was a baby,” said Coixet. “If we really fight to have better cars,
37、 better cities and better lives, its for themfor our children.”Despite her Spanish heritage, Coixet doesnt focus on making Spanish films or using Spain as the setting. Fans of her various award-winning films, including My Life Without Me, The Secret Life of Words and Elegy, may not even be aware of
38、Coixets Spanish background. “The borders between countries are just illusion (假象),” said Coixet. “Some directors feel really comfortable telling stories that belong to their territory.”But Coixet feels the opposite: “Im more comfortable outside my country. It gives me a strange freedom.”One of her f
39、avorite things about being a director is the freedom. “The thing is that the world is wide and this freedom lets you make films everywhere,” she said. Coixets curiosity took her latest exploration and movie work to Japan. In the movie Map of the Sound of Tokyo, the Catalan actor Sergi Lopez is the o
40、wner of a wine shop in Tokyo, and Japanese actress Rinko Kikuchi is a young woman who works both as a fishmonger and as a hired killer. The clash (冲突) of the two peoples very different worlds and the tango-like relationship they develop is just one representation of what Coixet is able to produce by
41、 mixing cultures. While she doesnt know if she will shoot a film in Shanghai, two things have caught her attention: Shanghainese women and crickets (蟋蟀). After just arriving in the city, she was surprised by the mix of old Chinese culture in a booming metropolis. “Behind the skyscrapers, there is a
42、flower and bird market with heaps of crickets and birdcages in,” she said. “Im totally amazed with the city.”1. The huge baby represents the idea that . A. our children are the new generation full of imaginationB. our children will develop the friendship between China and SpainC. our children are ou
43、r futureD. our children will understand the meaning of “Better City, Better Life”2. We learn from the passage that Coixets award-winning films were set. A. only in Spain B. only in JapanC. mainly in the countries outside SpainD. mainly in the countries within Europe 3. According to Isabel Coixet, a
44、flower and bird market behind the high rises. A. shows people in Shanghai are living a rich life spiritually and materiallyB. reflects prosperity of the marketC. indicates the Chinese people are leading a peaceful lifeD. represents the traditional culture of China4. From the passage we can learn tha
45、t. A. Isabel Coixet is dissatisfied with the design of the extra-large model babyB. a mix of different cultures is reflected in Isabel Coixets filmsC. Isabel Coixet feels less comfortable while making films all over the worldD. Isabel Coixet designed the huge baby according to the requirement of a group of engineers【参考答案】6.CCAB
