1、二十Unit 5Period 4. 阅读理解(2021天津高二检测)China is a large producer and consumer of rice. But, as a result of climate change, the amount of land available for rice growing in the country is shrinking. The concern has motivated scientists led by Yuan Longping, known as “the father of hybrid rice” , to look f
2、or new ways of growing the grain. Now theyre celebrating successful efforts to grow ricein sand and seawater. Rice is traditionally grown in soil and fresh water. Starting from January, according to the official Xinhua News Agency, the scientists have grown dozens of varieties of rice in the deserts
3、 of Dubai. They experimented with seawater because it is easier to obtain in the desert than fresh water. China is not the only country facing the issue of overly salty soil. Around the world, there are around 2. 35 billion acres of highly saline (含盐的)land. And the number is increasing because of ri
4、sing sea levels and climate change. “Probably only a small part of the worlds saline land could be brought into production with seawater rice, but that would still have a very important effect on food security, ” Even R. Pay, a senior analyst, said. Yuan told Xinhua that one of the varieties of rice
5、 grown in Dubai produced over three tons, per acre, which Yuan said was beyond expectations. Rice is the basic food in many parts of the world. About 90% of rice consumption is from Asia, but demand in Africa and Latin America is on the rise. A climate change researcher said the successful experimen
6、t could potentially benefit many countries. “This is a fantastic development, which is likely to have a good effect on agricultural resource and water-poor countries, particularly in North Africa region. ”Even though the cost of growing salt-tolerant rice is still high, it will also have strategic v
7、alue once its commercialized. 【语篇概述】本文主要介绍了在“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平带领下的科学家们在沙子和海水中种植水稻的试验。1. What has caused the scientists to find new ways of growing rice? A. The increase of rice consumers. B. The high cost of rice producing. C. The land shortage of rice growing. D. The severe pollution of fresh water. 【解析】选
8、C。细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“But, as a result of climate change. . . to look for new ways of growing the grain. ”可知, 能种植水稻的土地的减少促使科学家们去寻找种植水稻的新方法。2. Yuans team have successfully grown rice in sand and seawater in _. A. ChinaB. DubaiC. Latin AmericaD. North Africa【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Starting from January. . .
9、 have grown dozens of varieties of rice in the deserts of Dubai. ”和第五段中的“one of the varieties of rice grown in Dubai. . . ”可知, 袁隆平的团队在迪拜成功种植了水稻。3. What can be inferred from the text? A. About 90% of the rice is demanded and consumed in China. B. The production of a new type of rice is larger than ex
10、pected. C. The increase of saline land is mainly caused by climate change. D. Seawater is used in the experiment because it is cheaper to gain. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第五段中的“one of the varieties of rice grown in Dubai produced over three tons, per acre, which Yuan said was beyond expectations”可知, 其中一种在迪拜种植的水
11、稻产量为每英亩三吨多, 这超出了人们的预料, 故选B。4. What is the authors attitude to the rice-growing experiment? A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Critical. D. Disappointed. 【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据最后一段“Even though the cost of growing salt-tolerant rice is still high, it will also have strategic value once its commercialized. ”可推知, 作者
12、对这种水稻种植的试验持乐观的态度。. 阅读填句What, in the World, Is a Standard Drink? The controversy(争论)over the UKs new safe drinking guidelines revealed how much people within a country can disagree about drinking. 1 The amount of alcohol in each countrys “standard drink” can range from 8 to 20 grams. Its a widely acc
13、epted fact that excessive drinking of alcohol is bad for ones health. But what constitutes excessive drinking? According to a new report published by the scientific journal Addiction, the answer to that question varies widely by country. 2Researchers looked at 75 countries that might be expected to
14、provide low-risk drinking guidelines and a definition of a “standard drink”. 3 Their guidelines and “standard drink” definitions were surprisingly inconsistent. In the most conservative countries, low-risk consumption means drinking no more than 10 grams of pure ethanol(乙醇) per day for women, 20 gra
15、ms for men. Do you want to drink more? In Chile, you can drink 56 grams per day and still be a low-risk drinker. Have you got a reason to celebrate? In Australia, Canada, Denmark, Fiji, France, Mexico, New Zealand, Poland and the UK, you are allowed to drink more on special occasions. 4 In Australia
16、, Grenada, Portugal, and South Africa, low-risk drinking guidelines are the same for women and men. The UK joins that list with its new guidelines. The World Health Organization defines a standard drink as 10 grams of pure ethanol, with both men and women advised not to exceed 2 standard drinks per
17、day. The WHOs definition of a standard drink is the one most often used. 5A. Only 37 (under 50 %) did so. B. Are you tired of the old double standard? C. The size of a standard drink varies by 250%. D. And many countries dont provide an answer. E. It turns out that countries disagree with each other
18、, too. F. Yet 50% of countries with drinking guidelines dont use it. G. You may think your country should have a different definition of a standard drink. 【语篇概述】关于酒的标准饮用量。不同的人有不同的看法, 不同的国家有不同的标准。1. 【解析】选E。由空格前后的内容可知, 不同的人对喝多少酒是安全的这一问题看法不一, 不同国家的“标准饮酒量”也不尽相同。2. 【解析】选D。由空格前面两句可知, 针对多大量才是过度饮酒这个问题的答案因国而
19、异, 故D项(而且很多国家没有提供答案)符合语境。3. 【解析】选A。由空格前后的内容可知, 针对75个国家调查低风险饮酒的指导原则和对“标准饮酒量”的定义, 各国给出的答案不一致。A项承接上文, 讲述只有37个国家提供了答案。4. 【解析】选B。空格后面的内容提到一些国家给男士和女士定的安全饮酒标准是一样的。B项(你是否厌倦了这种落伍的双重标准? )引出下文。5. 【解析】选F。由空格前面一句可知, 世界卫生组织提供的标准饮酒量的定义是最常用的, F项承接上文, 表达了意思上的转折然而50%的国家都有自己的标准。 . 完形填空Windbreaks(防风林) help prevent the
20、loss of soil. They stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind from damaging or destroying 1. Windbreaks can be 2 valuable for protecting grain crops. For example, studies have been done on windbreaks in parts of West Africa. These studies found that grain 3were twenty percent high
21、er in fields protected by windbreaks than in fields 4 them. But here is something 5 about windbreaks. They seem to 6 best when they allow some wind to pass through the barrier of trees or plants around a field. If not, then the movement of air close to the ground will 7 the soil. Then the soil will
22、be blown away. For this reason, a windbreak is most effective if it 8only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants that would be needed to make a solid line. An easy rule to 9 is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the 10 of the tallest trees in the windbreak. There should be at
23、 least two 11 in each windbreak. One line should be large trees. The second line, right next to it, can be shorter trees or other plants with 12. Locally grown trees and plants are considered the best choices for windbreaks. Studies have shown that some kinds of trees can grow well 13 the quality of
24、 the land is not very good. One kind of the trees is the white pine. Another is the loblolly pine. Windbreaks not only protect land and crops from the wind. Surplus(多余的) trees can be cut down and used or sold for money. Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain. Their roots help protect soi
25、l from being 14. And trees can provide another valuable 15 for agriculture. They can provide animals with shade from the sun. 【语篇概述】本文主要介绍了防风林在改善生态环境、保护农田土壤和降低灾害性天气对农作物的危害方面所发挥的重要作用。1. A. cropsB. housesC. campsD. factories【解析】选A。结合下文中介绍的防风林对农作物的保护作用可知, 此处用crop(庄稼)。2. A. exactlyB. highlyC. slightlyD.
26、 hardly【解析】选B。结合本段下文中举的例子可知, 在保护农作物方面, 防风林起的作用非常大。highly “很, 非常”。3. A. harvestsB. areasC. pricesD. supplies【解析】选A。本段强调防风林对农作物的重要保护作用。因此此处说明有防风林保护的农田的农作物的收成情况。4. A. aroundB. withoutC. besideD. with【解析】选B。比较的对象自然是那些“没有”防风林保护的农田。5. A. seriousB. wrongC. obviousD. interesting【解析】选D。根据下文的叙述可知, 这种现象是一种比较“有
27、趣的”现象。6. A. sellB. lookC. growD. work【解析】选D。这种有趣的现象是: 防风林的密度刚好能让一些风通过时, 起到的防护作用最好。work意为“起作用, 有效”。7. A. leaveB. blockC. liftD. follow【解析】选C。一定密度的防风林能够很好地保护农田, 如果密度过大, 地面上方的空气运动就会把土壤掀起来。lift“举起, 掀起”。8. A. containsB. dividesC. raisesD. serves【解析】选A。此处指防风林里所种植的树木和其他植物的数目和密度。contain“含有”。9. A. measureB.
28、obeyC. breakD. remember【解析】选D。该空前的An easy rule提示, 我们应该“记住”这样一条简单的规律。10. A. weightB. heightC. costD. value【解析】选B。防风林能够保护的土地面积大约是防风林里最高树木高度的十倍。选项中与前面的名词areas(面积)相关的只有height。11. A. linesB. rowsC. treesD. kinds【解析】选A。下文中的One line和The second line提示, 此处指防风林应该由至少两“列”树木组成。12. A. fruitB. seedsC. flowersD. le
29、aves【解析】选D。能够起到挡风作用的应该是树木和其他有 “叶子”的植物。13. A. even ifB. in caseC. as ifD. now that【解析】选A。相关研究表明, “即使”在土壤不是很肥沃的地方, 有些树种依然能生长得很好。14. A. built upB. cut offC. taken offD. washed away【解析】选D。树根有助于防止土壤流失。wash away“冲走, 卷走”。build up“加强”; cut off“切断”; take off“脱掉, 起飞”。15. A. skillB. adviceC. serviceD. message【
30、解析】选C。根据下一句的具体说明可知, 树木还能给农业提供另一种非常有价值的“服务”给动物提供阴凉。. 语法填空(2021桂林高二检测)Agricultural experts say crop diversity is important to feed the 1. _ (increase) population of our planet. They say having a large variety of plants also 2. (help) to protect against possible crop diseases and future crises. But man
31、y experts say the number has decreased sharply during the past century. One of the worlds 3. _(large) seed conservation projects has predicted further losses. The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership is warning that up to one hundred thousand plant species could 4. _(permanent) disappear. The rich colle
32、ction of genes 5. decide their qualities would disappear with them. Many experts blame climate change, loss of habitat and normal growth area, for damaging plant life. They say many human 6. _(activity) and poorly planned, overly heavy use of land are also responsible. Modern business farming is res
33、ponsible 7. _ loss of farmers traditional crop varieties. The “Green Revolution” of thetwentieth century changed agriculture. Some experts say the use of modern commercial farming methods saved millions of people from 8. _(starve). Farmers planted, watered, and fertilized their crops with the help o
34、f machines. They treated their fields with chemicals 9. _(control) diseases and insects. Harvests grew larger and higher quality, 10. _ another result was that some traditional crops were lost. Damage to the environment over the past century makes people believe that crop diversity also suffered. 【语
35、篇概述】本文是一篇说明文, 就作物多样性的危机问题进行了相关的介绍。1. 【解析】increasing。考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知, 设空处修饰后面的名词population, 且increase与population是逻辑上的主谓关系, 故用increasing作定语。2. 【解析】helps。考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据上下文可知这里的宾语从句应用一般现在时, 同时从句的主语为having a large variety of plants, 谓语动词应用单数, 故答案为helps。3. 【解析】largest。考查形容词最高级。根据语境可知这里表达的意思是“世界上最大的种子保育项目
36、之一已经预测到进一步的损失”。故这里用所给词的最高级形式largest。4. 【解析】permanently。考查副词。分析句子成分可知, 设空处修饰谓语动词disappear, 故用副词permanently。5. 【解析】that/which。考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知, 设空处引导定语从句, 指代先行词genes, 且在定语从句中作主语, 故用关系代词that/which。6. 【解析】activities。考查名词的数。分析句子成分可知, 设空处前有many修饰, 因此此处应用所给词的复数形式activities。7. 【解析】for。考查介词。此处be responsible f
37、or是固定用法, 意思是“对负责任”, 故用介词for。8. 【解析】starvation。考查名词。分析句子成分可知, 设空处作介词from的宾语, 故此处应用所给词的名词形式。9. 【解析】to control。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 设空处作目的状语, 故用to control作目的状语。10. 【解析】but/while/yet。考查并列连词。根据语境可知, 设空处的上句和下句之间是转折关系, 故用表示转折的连词but/while/yet。阅读理解We all know that music has the power to comfort us when we are t
38、ired or stressed. Can it do the same for animals? In 2001, researchers from University of Leicester decided to test this by exposing dairy cows to different music styles. They discovered that certain types of music helped cows produce 3% more milk than those that only heard the annoying sounds of mi
39、lking machines. The journalists began by sifting through the 2001 University of Leicester study to search for songs that had made the cattle more productive. What they found was that similar to humans, tastes differ among cows. Some prefer soulful music while others have a penchant for classical mus
40、ic. Based on their findings the magazine released two playlists that they believed would be welcomed by most dairy cows. One consists of songs like REMs Everybody Hurts, Aretha Franklins version of What a Difference a Day Makes and Simon and Garfunkels classic song Bridge Over Troubled Water. The ot
41、her includes classical hits like Beethovens Pastoral Symphony and Mozarts Concerto for Flute and Harp in D Major. None of the songs on both lists are fast or noisy tunes like rap and techno songs that appear to disturb cows rather than calm them. Besides, music is not the only thing that dairy cows
42、enjoy. A few years ago actors in Kent, England decided to see if the animals liked Shakespeare by performing The Merry Wives of Windsor to a local herd. Sure enough, their milk output increased measurably. People believe music helps the animals to relax and keep calm. So the next time you visit a da
43、iry farm dont be surprised to see the cattle dancing to their favorite beat. After all, “Great milk comes from happy cows! ”【语篇概述】这是一篇说明文。研究者发现, “对牛弹琴”有一定的道理可言, 给奶牛听舒缓的音乐有助于提高奶牛的产奶量。1. Exposing dairy cows to music is to _. A. calm themB. test their taste for musicC. raise milk outputD. make them hap
44、py【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第一段的“They discovered that certain types of music helped cows produce 3% more milk than those that only heard the annoying sounds of milking machines. ”可知, 给奶牛听音乐的目的是增加牛奶产量。因此C为正确选项。2. The underlined word “penchant” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “_”. A. giftB. preferenceC. thirstD
45、. nose【解析】选B。词义猜测题。画线词所在句“Some prefer soulful music while others have a penchant for classical music. ”中, while意为“然而”, 表示转折。因此have a penchant for与prefer意义相同。因此B为正确选项。误选分析: 不熟悉短语意思会造成该题误选。have a gift for意为“对有天赋”; have a preference for意为“爱好”; have a thirst for意为“渴望得到”; have a nose for意为“对有直觉”。3. Which
46、 music style is not likely to be on the playlists? A. Soulful music. B. Classical music. C. Rap. D. Slow music. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第三段“None of the songs on both lists are fast or noisy tunes like rap and techno songs that appear to disturb cows rather than calm them. ”可知, 节奏不快、不嘈杂的音乐利于奶牛产奶。因此, C为正确选项。4. The best title for the passage is “_”. A. Cows Have Favorite Playlists TooB. Great Milk Comes From Happy CowsC. A Good Idea for Raising CowsD. Music Works Wonders Everywhere【解析】选A。主旨大意题。本文主要内容为给奶牛听音乐, 以提高牛奶产量。因此题目中应体现主题字眼“奶牛”和“音乐”。因此A为正确选项。