1、十八Unit 6Developing ideas. 单词拼写1. Located(坐落于) in the north of the North China Plain, Beijing has four distinct seasons. It is hot and rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter. 2. The mountains acted as a natural barrier(障碍) to the spread of the disease. 3. Can you explain the structure (结构) of the
2、 sentence to me? Im confused. 4. With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys(山谷) can be taken in color. 5. Henry Luce had a grand(宏伟的) design for Americas future. 6. Life is like an ocean(海洋): Only the strong-willed can reach the other shore. 7. She was only 19 when her first novel was publi
3、shed(出版). 8. Youll also get expert(专家的) advice on keeping your hair in good condition. 9. He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty(美) of his character was seen at its best when he worked with others. 10. His English has improved(提高) rapidly because of his connection with British people. . 完
4、成句子1. That result can only have a positive effect on (有积极影响)the world around us. 2. With another assistant to join in the experiment, Mr Smith may spend more time on teaching(花更多时间教学). 3. Theres nothing better than spending money(比花钱更好的). 4. That it will affect the real economy is no longer in doubt
5、(怀疑). 5. With the Spring Festival approaching(春节来临), students are talking about their plan in the next year. 6. With his homework finished(完成作业), he was allowed to play outside with his friends. 7. With so much task to do(这么多任务), I have to stay up late this night. 8. She said good-bye to her parents
6、 with tears in her eyes(含着泪). . 阅读理解A(2021南京高一检测)The Vienna-based researchers showed that dogs will stop doing a simple task when not rewarded if another dog, which continues to be rewarded is present. The experiment consisted of taking pairs of dogs and getting them to present a paw for a reward. O
7、n giving this “handshake” the dogs received a piece of food. One of the dogs was then asked to shake hands, but received no food. The other dog continued to get the food when it was asked to perform the task. The dog without the reward quickly stopped doing the task, and showed signs of anger or str
8、ess when its partner was rewarded. To make sure that the experiment was really showing the interaction between the dogs rather than just the frustration of not being rewarded, a similar experiment was conducted where the dogs performed the task without the partner. Here they continued to present the
9、 paw for much longer. Dr. Frederike Range from the University of Vienna says this shows that it was the presence of the rewarded partner that was the greater influence on their behavior. “The only difference is that one gets food and the other doesnt. They are responding to being unequally rewarded.
10、 ” she says. The researchers say this kind of behavior, where one animal gets frustrated with what is happening with another, has only been observed in primates (灵长类) before. Studies with various types of monkeys and chimpanzees show they react not only to seeing their partners receiving rewards whe
11、n they are not, but also to the type of reward. The dog study also looked at whether the type of reward made a difference. Dogs were given either bread or sausage, but seemed to react equally to either. Dr. Range says this may be because they have been trained. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项实验表明狗也是有公平感的, 介
12、绍了其实验过程以及动物在实验中的表现。1. The dogs refused to give the paw when they _. A. found another dog was given nothingB. felt they were not treated equallyC. were aware they received less foodD. were given too much reward【解析】选B。 推理判断题。根据第二段以及第三段“The dog without the reward quickly stopped doing the task, and sho
13、wed signs of anger or stress when its partner was rewarded. ”可知, 当狗感到没有得到平等对待时, 它们就拒绝伸出爪子。故选B。2. What would a dog do if it presented its paw alone? A. It would go on with the performance much longer. B. It would be too shy to present its paw. C. It would miss its partner. D. It would compare what it
14、 got with that of another. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段“To make sure that the experiment was really showing the interaction between the dogs rather than just the frustration of not being rewarded, a similar experiment was conducted where the dogs performed the task without the partner. Here they continued to
15、present the paw for much longer. ”可知, 如果是单独一只狗伸出它的爪子, 它伸出爪子的时间会更长。故选A。3. According to the passage, compared with dogs, monkeys and chimpanzees _. A. pay no attention to the type of rewardB. only like to play interesting gamesC. pay attention to the type of reward as well as whether they are rewarded
16、D. care more about how they are rewarded【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Studies with various types of monkeys and chimpanzees show they react not only to seeing their partners receiving rewards when they are not, but also to the type of reward. ”可知, 与狗相比, 猴子和黑猩猩更注重奖赏的类型以及是否受到奖赏。故选C。4. Which of the following ca
17、n best summarize the passage? A. Animals various ways to show anger. B. Dogs are more envious than human beings. C. Most animals want to be rewarded for their work. D. Animals also have a sense of fairness. 【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据倒数第四段“The only difference is that one gets food and the other doesnt. They are
18、 responding to being unequally rewarded. ”结合文章主要说明了一项实验表明狗也是有公平感的, 介绍了其实验过程以及动物在实验中的表现。这种行为以前只在灵长类动物中观察到过, 说明动物和人一样, 有公平意识。故选D。BA Journey to the Yosemite FirefallEach year, thousands of people are attracted to the Yosemite National Park in California for a chance of seeing and photographing the uniq
19、ue “firefall”. The amazing “firefall” comes to life only when there is enough water from the melting (融化) snow to keep the Horsetail Fall flowing and when the light of the setting sun hits the waterfall at the right angle. It can only be seen for a short time in February on clear sunny days. This ye
20、ar, the weather isnt stopping the “firefall” from happening, but it is making the journey to see it more difficult. “What would have been a 10-minute walk turned into a two-hour hike through deep snow? ” photographer Ryan Fitzsimons said about his recent trip to see the phenomenon. “Our clothes were
21、 all wet by the time we got to a viewing site. But the heavy snow made the sight much more beautiful since the waterfall is much bigger this year. ”Another photographer Andy Heitz was making his first trip to see the “firefall”. He had to wait five hours in the extreme cold for his turn to take a pi
22、cture. “I got to the site at about 12: 00 at noon. The place was already filled with hundreds of people waiting to see and photograph the firefall. I was so lucky that I shot a really wonderful burner! I was completely amazed with what I saw, ” he said. “You know, only on a couple days of the year i
23、n February and when the sun sets down at the perfect angle to shine on Yosemites Horsetail Fall can we see the Fire Fall. Ill never forget what I have seen. ” The “firefall” should continue to be there from 20 to 24 February. But park officials said that theres no guarantee (保证) that visitors will s
24、ee it on any given day. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国加州约塞米蒂的“火瀑布”。5. When might be the best time to take pictures of the “firefall”? A. Early in the morning. B. At noon. C. Late in the afternoon. D. At night. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The amazing firefall comes to life only when there is enough water from the me
25、lting snow to keep the Horsetail Fall flowing and when the light of the setting sun hits the waterfall at the right angle. ”可知, “火瀑布”形成于日落时分, 也是最好的拍照时间。故选C。6. What does the underlined word “burner” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. A worker in the kitchen. B. The fire in the Yosemite National Park. C. A p
26、art of a cooker or stove. D. The unique Horsetail Fall in the setting sun. 【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子后面内容“You know, only on a couple days of the year in February and when the sun sets down at the perfect angle to shine on Yosemites Horsetail Fall can we see the Fire Fall. ”可知, 他拍到了完美的“火瀑布”。由此推知, 画线词burn
27、er 指的就是The unique Horsetail Fall in the setting sun. (夕阳下独特的马尾瀑布)。故选D。7. Why might the “firefall” disappear between 20 to 24 February this year? A. There wouldnt be enough snow. B. It might be too cloudy. C. The waterfall might not freeze. D. The snow might met too fast. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It can
28、only be seen for a short time in February on clear sunny days. ”结合文章第三段中的“But the heavy snow made the sight much more beautiful since the waterfall is much bigger this year. ”可知, 今年刚下了大雪, 所以“火瀑布”可能会消失的原因只能是没有太阳。故选B。8. What is the main purpose of this text? A. To introduce an attraction. B. To give s
29、uggestions for a trip. C. To advertise a park in the US. D. To explain what is a “firefall”. 【解析】选A。 推理判断题。结合文章的题目“A Journey to the Yosemite Firefall(约塞米蒂“火瀑布”之旅)”和文章内容可知, 文章的主要目的是介绍一个著名的景观约塞米蒂“火瀑布”。故选A。. 应用文写作假定你是李华, 你校英文报正在征稿, 主题为“如何爱护我们的校园环境”, 请向校报投稿发表自己的观点。注意: 1. 词数80个左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。_【参
30、考范文】Dear editors, Since we have stayed at school most of our time since we started to study, I think it is our duty to keep our school clean and tidy. We shouldnt leave rubbish everywhere and spit upon the ground, if anyone sees others doing such things, he/she should prevent him/her, and let him/he
31、r clean it. We mustnt pick the flowers or step on the grass or carve on the trees in the school for those plants not only make our school beautiful, but also clean the air, we should even plant flowers and trees as possible as we can. We mustnt draw and scratch on the desk and the wall. I am thinkin
32、g that if we treat all the things in the school as seriously as those in our home, our school will be as clean and tidy as our home. . 阅读理解(2021成都高一检测)In 2015, Chennai was destroyed by one of the worst floods in over a century, leaving thousands without food, water and supplies. During the flood, ma
33、ny heroes arose, one of whom was Santosh, a young man who owned a take-out restaurant in Chennai. When the first flood hit in November, he got a call from a company called Naga Rava. The company asked him to prepare 5, 000 packets of food and give them to the flood victims. He, with his partners, to
34、ok the order, cooked for 14 hours and delivered(递送) them. But that night, as they sat together discussing the event of the day, they actually felt ashamed(羞愧). “Here was a man not even from Chennai and he was going out of his way to help the affected people. We, while living here, had not really don
35、e anything ourselves for our own people, ” said Santosh later. He then began the groundwork for a collection to help cook more dishes. Little did he know that the November flood was just the beginning, and the real show was about to begin. The December flood affected them all. His own house got floo
36、ded and his family was trapped on the second floor. They lost phone connection and electricity. In spite of this, Santosh went back out into the flood, creating a kitchen and preparing food all by himself for the victims. He did not sleep for four days, taking a one-hour break every day as he kept o
37、n cooking. As word got out about this mans effort, others stepped out to join him. From children to the elderly, strangers came to help him in cooking, packing and transporting food. Up to 300 volunteers worked together to make it all happen. By the time the fourth day finally came to an end, Santos
38、h and his team had prepared 170, 000 food boxes and delivered them to people in need. 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在金奈发生一个多世纪以来最严重的洪灾期间, Santosh和一些好心人准备了170 000份盒饭救援灾区的故事。1. What inspired Santosh to help the affected people? A. A call for help. B. His cooking skills. C. An act of kindness of a stranger. D. Th
39、e encouragement from his partners. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段的内容, “Here was a man not even from Chennai and he was going out of his way to help the affected people. We, while living here, had not really done anything ourselves for our own people”可知, 是一个陌生人的善举激励Santosh帮助灾民。故选C。2. What does “the real show” in
40、 the third paragraph refer to? A. The help and support. B. The severer flood. C. Santoshs family suffering. D. Santoshs cooking more food. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Little did he know that the November flood was just the beginning, and the real show was about to begin. The December flood affected them al
41、l. ”可知, 12月份的洪水比11月份造成的后果严重, 所以此处的“the real show”指的是12月更严重的洪水。故选B。3. Which of the following can best describe Santosh? A. Energetic and helpful. B. Determined and clever. C. Selfless and caring. D. Kind and wise. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据全文内容可知, Santosh的家也遭受了洪水, 但是他依然去帮助其他受灾的人们。这说明他无私且乐于助人。故选C。4. What is the
42、best title for the text? A. Many Hands Make Light WorkB. Kindness Is Its Own RewardC. Major Floods Brought Challenges To PeopleD. A Man Cooked 170, 000 Meals For The Affected【解析】选D。标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了在金奈发生的严重的洪灾期间, Santosh和一些好心人准备了170 000份盒饭救援灾区的故事, 所以D项适合作本文的标题。故选D。. 语法填空(2021镇江高一检测)Some time after 10, 0
43、00 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 1. _, through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on 2. _could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. Farming produced more food per person
44、 3. _ hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food 4. _(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 5. _(change)lives. By about 6000 BC, people 6. _ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to r
45、aise. Later, they learned to work with the 7. _ (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 8. _ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields. This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with 9. _ rise of science, changes began. New methods 10. _ (mean)that fewer
46、people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的发展历史。1. 【解析】in。考查介词。句意: 公元前10 000年以后, 人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知,
47、“they lived _”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句, 定语从句引导词被省略, 可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语, 即: they lived in the world。live in+名词, 意为“居住在某地”。故填in。2. 【解析】what。 考查名词性从句。句意: 在几千年的时间里, 他们开始减少对我们从野外狩猎或采集的猎物的依赖, 而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子, 宾语从句部分缺主语, 所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意, 此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。3. 【解析】than。考查比较级。句意: 农业比狩猎和采集的人均生产的粮食更多。结合句意可
48、知, 此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比, 应用比较连词than。故填than。4. 【解析】was needed。 考查时态和语态。句意: 随着越多的小孩出生, 越多的食物被需要。分析句子, 逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间, 所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。5. 【解析】to change。 考查非谓语动词。句意: 农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子, 简单句中已有动词gave, 故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意, 此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。6. 【解析】h
49、ad discovered。 考查时态。句意: 大约在公元前6 000年, 人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 意为“到为止”, 后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered. 7. 【解析】seasons。 考查名词复数。句意: 后来, 他们学会了因地制宜, 在适当的时间播种, 在干旱地区, 利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子, 提示词的词性为可数名词, 应用复数形式。故填seasons。8. 【解析】making。 考查非谓语动词。句意: 后来, 他们学会了因地制宜, 在适当的时间播种, 在干旱地区, 利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子, make所处的分句中无主语, 故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词(doing)形式作状语。故填making。9. 【解析】the。 考查定冠词。句意: 随着科学的崛起, 事情发生了变化。with the rise of 意为“随着的崛起”, 是固定短语。故填the。10. 【解析】meant。 考查时态。句意: 新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。文章的整体时态是过去时, 根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。