1、语法专题二 代词-2-高考雷达 考点归纳 1.人称代词的主格和宾格。尤其是在简略答语中的和做表语的人称代词。2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。3.替代词it,them,one,ones,that,those的区别。4.反身代词的习惯搭配及用法。be oneself(人)处于正常状态;beside oneself失常;发狂;of oneself独自;自发地。5.不定代词的常见用法。这是代词中的热门考点。尤其要注意:neither/either/both/none,every/each,another/other/the other的用法。6.it做形式主语和形式宾语的用法。7.it构成的习惯
2、句型:It is/has been+时间段+since.;It was/will be+时间段+before.;It is/was+时间点+when.等。8.it用于强调句型 It is/was+被强调部分+that/who.-3-高考雷达 考点归纳 考点一 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 主格(做主语)I you he she it we you they 宾格(做宾语、表语)me you him her it us you them 形容词性物主代词(做定语)my your his her its our your their 名词性物主代词(做主语、表语、宾语)mine yours his
3、 hers its ours yours theirs -4-高考雷达 考点归纳 反身代词(同位语、宾语)myselfyourselfhimself herselfitself ourselvesyourselvesthemselves 注意形容词性物主代词通常用作定语,修饰名词。her father她的父亲。“of(介词)+名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格。a friend of mine我的一个朋友。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。This is not my phone.Mine is on the desk.(Mine=My phone)这不是我的电话。我
4、的在桌子上。-5-高考雷达 考点归纳 反身代词适用于同一句话中前面已经出现过表示同一个人的人称代词时。We must depend on ourselves.我们必须要依靠自己。He himself will drop in on you some day.他本人某天会来拜访你的。在简短答语中用人称代词的宾格形式。Who would you like to go with me?你想要谁和我一起去?Me.我。Im homesick and want to go back to my hometown.我想家了,想回我的家乡。Me,too.我也是。-6-高考雷达 考点归纳 考点二 it的用法 1
5、.指代时间、距离、自然现象等。It is half past two now.现在两点半。(指时间)It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital.离最近的医院有六英里。(指距离)It is very cold in the room.房间里很冷。(指温度)-7-高考雷达 考点归纳 2.指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。Whos that at the door?门口那人是谁?It is the milkman.是送奶工。(it指代性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人)Ive broken a p
6、late.我打碎了一个盘子。It(=Breaking the plate)doesnt matter.没关系。(it指前面所提到过的事情)-8-高考雷达 考点归纳 3.it可以用作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面,真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动词-ing形式和不定式充当。It is said that all of them have gone to the cinema.据说他们都去看电影了。No matter where he is,he makes it a rule to go out for a walk before breakfast.无论在哪儿,他总是习惯在早餐
7、前出去散步。Its no use arguing with him,for hes very stubborn.跟他争论没有用,因为他很固执。4.it用在表示好恶的动词(短语)后面,如:enjoy,like,love,dislike,hate,dont mind,be fond of,feel like后,即这些动词(短语)后面的宾语从句前要加it。I hate it that you leave the door open.我讨厌你把门开着。-9-高考雷达 考点归纳 5.it用在不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句的介词后,如depend/rely on it that.,see to it t
8、hat.。You must see to it that all the work is finished before dark.你必须确保天黑前完成所有的工作。6.it的固定结构:make it(办到;成功);get it(明白);put it(说清楚)。How shall I put it?我该怎么说呢?7.It用于It is/was.that/who.强调句型中。It was on the farm that I met him for the first time.我是在农场上第一次与他见面的。It is you that are to blame for the accident.
9、是你该为这次事故负责任。-10-高考雷达 考点归纳 考点三 替代词it,them,one,ones,that,those 1.it特指上文所提到的同一事物,为同名同物指代。其复数为them。one泛指上文提到的同类事物中的一个,不特指,相当于“a/an+单数名词”;ones泛指上文提到的同类事物的复数名词;the one特指前面的可数名词单数,有时可以用that来代替(尤其是后面有后置定语时);the ones特指上文提到的复数名词,有时可以用those代替,尤其在有后置定语的情况下。that特指前面出现的单数名词或不可数名词,相当于“the+可数名词单数/不可数名词”;that 的复数形式为
10、those,替代可数名词复数,既可指人也可指物。Yesterday I lost my pen and I couldnt find it.So I had to buy one.(it指代my pen;one替代a pen)-11-高考雷达 考点归纳 昨天我丢了钢笔而且没找到。所以我不得不再买一支。The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.(those/the ones替代the books)桌子上的书要比桌子下面的好。No pleasure can equal that of a cool dri
11、nk on a hot day.没有什么能比得上在炎热的天气里喝上一杯冷饮。(that替代pleasure)-12-高考雷达 考点归纳 2.that和one的主要区别:that既可替代可数名词单数,也可替代不可数名词,常有后置定语,一般不指人,复数形式为those;one只能替代可数名词单数,复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时,只能用one,不用that。当of短语做可数名词单数的后置定语时,用that,不用one。The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger sch
12、ools.这所规模较小的学校的教育质量比一些规模较大的学校更好。If youre buying todays paper from the stand,could you get onefor me?如果你从摊上买今天的报纸,能给我捎一份吗?(one替代a paper)-13-高考雷达 考点归纳 考点四 指示代词 1.指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词,有this,that,these,those。this,that是单数,these,those是复数。指示代词可以在句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语等。This is what I want to say.这就是我想要说的。That was t
13、wenty years ago.那是二十年前的事了。I put these books on the desk yesterday.我昨天把这些书放在了桌子上。He glanced at the papers in my hands,but went for those on the shelf.他瞥了一眼我手中的文件,却去取架子上的那些(文件)。-14-高考雷达 考点归纳 2.such也用作指示代词,意为“如此”“这样”,常用于倒装句式“Such+be+主语.”中。Such is my dream in the future.这就是我未来的梦想。Such are the facts.事实就是
14、如此。-15-高考雷达 考点归纳 考点五 both,either,neither,all,none和each 1.both(两者都),either(两者中的任何一个),neither(两者都不)。以上这些词使用范围为两者。John and Mary have both won the prizes.约翰和玛丽都得奖了。The research group produced two reports based on the survey,butneither contained any useful suggestions.这个调查组在调查的基础上提供了两份报告,但是没有一份包含有用的建议。Iv
15、e lived in New York and Chicago,but dont like either of them very much.我曾经在纽约和芝加哥居住过,但是这两个城市我都不是很喜欢。-16-高考雷达 考点归纳【提示】both与复数名词连用,either与单数名词连用。There are flowers on both sides of the street.街道两旁都有花。There are flowers on either side of the street.街道的每一边都有花。-17-高考雷达 考点归纳 2.all(所有的,全部的人或物),none(都不)。以上词使用
16、范围为三者或三者以上。All the students in my class like our teachers.我们班的所有学生都喜欢我们的老师。Although Rose had suffered from a serious illness for years,she lost none of her enthusiasm for life.虽然罗丝患重病多年,但是她一点儿也没有失去对生活的热情。3.each可指两者,也可指两者以上。My parents each have a car.我的父母都有车。My employers will each be given a chance f
17、or further study.我的员工都将有深造的机会。-18-高考雷达 考点归纳 考点六 no,none,nobody和nothing 1.no不能单独使用,相当于not a(n)或not any,做定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。He has no worry about safety.他一点也不为安全担心。2.none既可以指人,也可以指物,侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物,可与介词of连用,用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句。强调的是数量。How many people are there in the room?房间里有多少人?None.一个也没有。-19-高考雷达 考点归
18、纳 3.nobody指人,用于回答who引导的疑问句;nothing指物,用于回答what引导的疑问句。The meeting will be held in September,but nobody knows the date for sure.这次会议将在9月举行,但没人知道确切的日期。What are you doing?你正在做什么?Nothing.没干什么。温馨提示none用来强调数量上“一个也没有”,它一般用于上文已经提到过的某一人或事物,下文接着需表明数量的情况。I looked everywhere for someone,but could find none.我到处张望想
19、找个人,但一个也没看到。Could you spare me some paper?你能匀给我点纸吗?Sorry,but I have none myself.抱歉,我自己也没有了。-20-高考雷达 考点归纳 考点七 another,other,the other和others 1.another既可以单独使用,也可以用于单数名词前,泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以用于“another+数词+复数名词”中,表示“再,又”。Recycling is one way to protect the environment;reusing is another.循环利用是保护环境的一种
20、方式,重新利用是另一种方式。You have to wait for another three weeks.你还得等待三周。2.other可以用作形容词,意思为“别的,其他的”,泛指“其他的(人或物)”。后接复数名词,不能单独使用。You can ask other people to help you.你可以让其他人帮你。-21-高考雷达 考点归纳 3.the other指两个人或物中的一个,此时other为代词。The old man has two sons.One is a teacher;the other is a doctor.这位老人有两个儿子。一个是老师,另一个是医生。4.
21、the other 后可接可数名词单数也可接可数名词复数,不接不可数名词。此时other为形容词。On the other side of the street,there is a big tree.在街道的另一边,有一棵大树。He is taller than the other students in his class.他比班里其他学生都高。-22-高考雷达 考点归纳 5.others 是other的复数形式,泛指“另外几个;其他的”。others不能做定语,表示复数意义,相当于“other+复数名词”;the others相当于“the other+复数名词”,指剩下的全部。In s
22、ome countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in others,knivesand forks.在一些国家里,人们用筷子吃饭,而在另一些国家里,人们用刀叉。Two students in our class failed,but all the others passed the exam.班里两个学生没及格,但其他学生全部通过了考试。-23-高考雷达 考点归纳 考点八 复合不定代词 everyone/everybody意为“每个人”;someone/somebody意为“某人,有人”,其特殊含义是“有价值的人或者重要的人”;anybody意为
23、“任何人,无论谁”;nobody意为“没有人,无人,谁也不”。everything意为“每件事,所有事物”;something意为“某事/物”;其特殊含义是“大致,左右,被认为重要或值得注意的事物”;anything意为“任何事物”;nothing意为“没有”。You can ask anyone for help.Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.你可以向任何人求助。这儿的每个人都愿意帮助你。Somebody has parked his car right in front of mine.有人将车子正好停在我的车子前面。-24-高考雷
24、达 考点归纳 He was such a fast talker that nobody could understand him.他讲话很快,没有人能听懂。Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?你算出这次旅程会花多少钱了吗?$4,000,or something like that.4,000美元,或者大约那样的数目。A smile costs nothing,but gives much.微笑花费不了什么,却给予很多。【常见搭配】nothing but只不过;仅仅 anything but绝不;根本不 something of有点
25、儿;在某种程度上是 nothing to do with和没关系 for nothing免费;白白地;白费;无缘无故地-25-高考雷达 考点归纳 考点九 部分否定与全部否定 all,both,everyone,everybody,everything以及“every+名词”都表示全部肯定。none,no one,nobody,nothing,neither,not any 以及“no+名词”均表示全部否定;但当not 与表示全部肯定的不定代词连用时,不管not的位置在其前还是其后,都表示部分否定。None of them smoke.他们都不吸烟。Such a person cant be f
26、ound everywhere.(部分否定)这种人并非随处可见。-26-.单项填空 1.(2018天津红桥区二模,2)Did you have any trouble with the western customs?to speak of.A.None B.Anything C.NobodyD.No one 答案 解析 解析 关闭句意:你对西方风俗习惯有什么不了解的地方吗?很少。none/nothing to speak of“很少,不值一提”。答案 解析 关闭A-27-2.(2017天津耀华中学一模,2)The information on the Internet gets around
27、 much more rapidly than in the newspaper.A.itB.those C.oneD.that 答案 解析 解析 关闭句意:网上的信息比报纸上的信息传播的要快得多。it属于“同名同物”的替代;those代指前面出现的可数名词复数形式;one表示泛指,that特指前面出现的不可数名词。故选D项。答案 解析 关闭D-28-3.(2018天津南开区三模,2)The little boat is safe.Dont you think so,Mike?No worries!I have been on this boat dozens of times.A.somet
28、hing butB.nothing but C.anything butD.everything but 答案 解析 解析 关闭句意:这条小船一点也不安全。难道你不这么认为吗,迈克?没问题!我已经乘坐过这条船很多次了。anything but“绝不,根本不”,符合语境。nothing but“仅仅,只有,只不过”。答案 解析 关闭C-29-4.She hurried and made home just in time to see her son before he went to bed.A.herselfB.this C.thatD.it 答案 解析 解析 关闭考查代词。句意:她匆忙回家
29、刚好赶在儿子睡觉前看到她。make it(尤指在困难情况下)成功做到。答案 解析 关闭D-30-5.When comes to baseball,Dorothy knows little about it.A.thisB.that C.oneD.it 答案 解析 解析 关闭When it comes to sth.是习惯搭配,意为“当谈到的时候”。答案 解析 关闭D-31-6.Ask yourself whether you have a balance between work and play.Too much of one creates a sacrifice or loss with
30、 .A.anotherB.the other C.the othersD.others 答案 解析 解析 关闭句意:自问你在工作和娱乐之间是否保持了平衡。对一方投入得太多就会导致牺牲或损失另一方。本题指work和play两者,所以“一者和另一者”用one和the other。注意,the others 代指“the other+复数名词”。答案 解析 关闭B-32-7.(2018天津滨海新区七校联考,23)“Made in China 2025”aims totransform China from a product-making factory into a product-makingp
31、ower,driven by innovation and emphasising quality overquantity.A.the one thatB.one that C.oneD.the one 答案 解析 解析 关闭考查不定代词做同位语。句意:“中国制造2025”的目标是把中国从一个产品制造工厂变成一个产品制造强国,一个以创新为导向,强调质量而不是数量的强国。此处用代词one做同位语,替代名词短语a product-making power。本题易认为that引导定语从句修饰one而错选B项。答案 解析 关闭C-33-.单句语法填空 1.Professional skills ar
32、e tools like a knife or a hammer.You need to complete the things you want to do.2.The new online library makes possible for students to choose books by smartphone off campus.3.Shed lived in London and Manchester,but she liked and moved to Cambridge.4.Wow!Youve got so many clothes.But of them are in fashion now.5.Do you have really for the spring outing?No,I still have to buy some fruit.them it neither none everything