1、语法专题九 名词性从句-2-高考雷达 考点归纳 1.名词性从句引导词的具体用法。2.that或whether/if引导的名词性从句。3.it做形式主语和形式宾语。4.同位语从句和定语从句的区别。5.that,what和which引导名词性从句的区别。-3-高考雷达 考点归纳 考点一 名词性从句的引导词 从句 引导词 是否可以省略 位置 特别说明 主语从句 连词:that,if,whether连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which;whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever连接副词:when,where,why,how 全不省略 句首或句末 th
2、at只起引导词的作用,没有实际意义从句语序均为陈述语序 宾语从句 仅 that 可省略(句中以 it 做形式宾语或从句用虚拟语气时除外)动词之后 表语从句 全不省略 系动词之后 同位语从句 全不省略 名词之后 -4-高考雷达 考点归纳 考点二 名词性从句引导词的具体用法 1.what:what为连接代词,在名词性从句中做主语、宾语、表语或者定语,译为“什么”或者“的(人或事)”。What you said just now sounds reasonable.你刚才说的话听起来有道理。(what引导主语从句,在从句中做宾语)This is what he did to me.这就是他对我所做的
3、一切。(what 引导表语从句,在从句中做宾语)Im thinking about what method is the most effective.我在考虑什么方法最有效。(what引导宾语从句,在从句中做定语)-5-高考雷达 考点归纳 It remains a problem what we could do to help him.我们能做什么来帮助他是个问题。(what引导同位语从句,在从句中做宾语)-6-高考雷达 考点归纳 2.that:that为连词,无意义,不做成分,表示陈述语气。I believe that you will make it.我相信你会成功的。【提示】that
4、引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时不可省略;同一动词后面跟两个that引导的宾语从句时,第二个that不可省略。It is generally considered that girls are better at language learning than boys.一般认为女孩比男孩在语言学习方面更擅长。He once said(that)he wanted to be a teacher and that he would devote himself to the cause of education.他曾经说过他想当教师,并且要毕生致力于教育事业。-7-高考雷达 考点归纳 My
5、suggestion is that you have another try.我建议你再试一次。I dont believe the fact that he has turned down our offer.我不相信他拒绝了我们的帮助这一事实。-8-高考雷达 考点归纳 3.if/whether:if/whether为连词,意为“是否”,不做成分,表示疑问语气。I wonder whether/if theyll join hands with us.我想知道他们是否愿意与我们合作。【提示】引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句或者在动词discuss和介词后面引导宾语从句时用whether,
6、不用if。Whether the outdoor performance will be put on relies on the weather.户外表演是否上演将看天气情况来定。They are talking about whether the old buildings should be replaced by new ones.他们正在讨论老建筑是否应该被新建筑所取代。-9-高考雷达 考点归纳 The problem is whether the young man is really fit for the position.问题是这个年轻人是否真正适合这一职位。I have n
7、o idea whether our plan can be carried out as we hoped.我不知道我们的计划能否像预想的那样执行。-10-高考雷达 考点归纳 4.which:which为连接代词,意为“哪一个”,做主语、宾语、表语或定语,表示选择性。We havent decided which(one)we should choose.我们还没有决定该选哪一个。5.who/whom/whose:who意为“谁”,做主语、宾语或表语,表示疑问语气;whom意为“谁”,做宾语或表语,表示疑问语气;whose意为“谁的”,做定语,表示疑问语气。Who will teach us
8、 English remains unknown.还不知道谁来教我们英语。The teacher wanted to know whose duty it was that day.老师想知道那天是谁值日。-11-高考雷达 考点归纳 6.when/where/why/how:when意为“什么时候”;where意为“什么地方”;why意为“为什么”;how意为“如何,怎么”。这些词都是连接副词,在从句中做状语,表示疑问语气。The problem is when we can get a pay rise.问题是什么时候能给我们加薪。We havent decided where the ne
9、w furniture should be placed.我们还没决定把新家具放在哪里。Why he went to Australia for further study puzzles all of us.他为什么去澳大利亚深造令我们大家费解。He shows great interest in the mystery how ancient Egyptians built the pyramids.他对古埃及人如何建造金字塔这一神秘事件很感兴趣。-12-高考雷达 考点归纳 7.whatever/whichever/who(m)ever:whatever意为“无论什么”;whichever
10、意为“无论哪一个”;who(m)ever 意为“无论是谁”。这些都是连接代词,表示陈述语气和强调。Ill believe whatever you may say.无论你说什么我都相信。Whichever student wins the competition will be admitted into Shandong University.任何比赛获胜的同学都将被山东大学录取。Whoever breaks the rule will be punished.无论谁违反规则都要受到惩罚。-13-高考雷达 考点归纳 考点三 it做形式主语和形式宾语 1.it经常用作形式主语,主语从句为真正的
11、主语。常用于“It is/was+adj./n.+that从句.”引导的主语从句中。Its impossible that he finish the report within two hours.他两个小时内结束报告是不可能的。Its no wonder that he refused my offer.难怪他拒绝了我的帮助。2.it可用作形式宾语,that等引导的从句做真正的宾语,常见于“主语+find/think/feel/consider/make/believe+it+adj./n.+that从句.”这一句型中。I think it necessary that we take p
12、lenty of water every day.我认为我们有必要每天喝足够的水。-14-高考雷达 考点归纳 3.hate,like,enjoy,love,see to,depend on后面的宾语从句前用it做形式宾语。I hate it when people speak with their month full of food.我讨厌人们嘴里满含着食物说话。You must see to it that all the lights are turned off when you leave.你必须确保离开时灯全部关掉。-15-高考雷达 考点归纳 考点四 that,what与which
13、 1.that 引导名词性从句时,在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,也没有任何含义;that 引导的宾语从句一般不做介词的宾语(介词but,except,besides,in除外)。That he failed the exam made me surprised.(主语从句,that不充当从句成分)他考试没及格令我很惊讶。He is a good student except that he is a little careless.除了有点粗心以外,他是一个好学生。-16-高考雷达 考点归纳 2.what引导名词性从句时,其意义为“的人/物/数目等”,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或
14、定语。what具有双重作用,既能引导从句,又能在从句中做成分。做主语、宾语和表语时what可以分解成“定语从句的先行词+关系代词”,即常说的“先行词+that”。“Every time you eat a sweet,drink green tea.”This is what mymother used to tell me.(what 指“说的话”)“每次吃糖,要喝点绿茶。”这是我母亲过去常告诉我的。A ship in harbour is safe,but thats not what ships are builtfor.(做for的宾语,意思是“什么样的用途”)船停泊在港湾里会很安全,
15、但人们把它造出来可不是为了这个目的。You will know what side effect the medicine brings about.(做定语,意思是“什么样的”)你将会知道这种药会带来什么副作用。-17-高考雷达 考点归纳 He lives in what we call“spring city”.(表示“的地方”)=He lives in the place that we call“spring city”.他住在一个叫“春城”的地方。You dont know what good students they are.(表示“多么”,此为感叹句用于宾语从句中)你不知道他们
16、是多么好的学生。此外,what还用于“A is to B what C is to D.”句式,意为“A对于B来说就像C对于D一样。”Air is to us what water is to fish.空气对于我们来说就像水对于鱼一样。-18-高考雷达 考点归纳 3.which 引导名词性从句,其意义为“哪一个”,可以指人也可以指物,是在已知的具体的人、事、物当中进行选择;引导定语从句时,只能当关系代词,在从句中做主语或宾语,且只能指物。Tell me which book you like better,the red one or the blue one?Iwill buy the b
17、ook which you choose for you.告诉我你更喜欢哪本书,红色的还是蓝色的?我给你买你选中的那本。-19-高考雷达 考点归纳 考点五 其他几个值得注意的问题 1.doubt后面的从句要根据具体情况选择引导词。doubt用于肯定句时,其后的宾语从句用whether/if引导,同位语从句用whether引导;用于否定句时,其后的宾语从句和同位语从句都用that引导。You can complain,but I doubt whether/if it will make anydifference.你可以发牢骚,但我对这样做是否有用表示怀疑。There is no doubt
18、that we will have an exam next week.毫无疑问下周我们要考试。2.sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等形容词后也可接宾语从句。Im sure that they can make it.我确定他们会成功。-20-高考雷达 考点归纳 3.主语为名词reason时,表语从句的连接词用that,不用why或者because。The reason for the accident is that the driver was too careless.事故的原因是司机太大意。4.because,as if,as thou
19、gh,as等也可引导表语从句。From space,the earth looks blue.This is because about most of itssurface is covered by water.从太空看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大部分地区被水覆盖着。-21-.单项填空 1.(2018天津,9)The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.A.whomeverB.wherever C.whoeverD.whatever 答案 解析 解析 关闭句意:这块金牌将颁发给在
20、这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。本题考查宾语从句。“wins the first place in the bicycle race”为宾语从句,该从句缺少主语,且设空处表示“任何人”,故填whoever,相当于anyone who。答案 解析 关闭C-22-2.(2018北京,11)Without his support,we wouldnt be we are now.A.howB.when C.where D.why 答案 解析 解析 关闭句意:要是没有他的支持,我们就不会走到今天。根据语境可知,此处应用where引导表语从句,表示(事业、成就等)所达到的地步,故选C项。答案 解析 关闭
21、C-23-3.He studied hard and later became a well-known writer,which was his father had expected.A.whyB.how C.thatD.what 答案 解析 解析 关闭句意:他学习很努力,后来成了一位著名作家,实现了父亲的夙愿。此处考查表语从句的引导词,引导词在从句中做宾语,故用what。答案 解析 关闭D-24-4.(2018天津和平区二模,14)ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just what worries the public.A.I
22、fB.What C.WhetherD.Which 答案 解析 解析 关闭句意:能否找到制止污染的方法正是公众所担心的。考查名词性从句。句子的主干为主系表结构,做主语的是个主语从句,做表语的是what引导的表语从句。在主语从句中,缺少表示“是否”之意的连接词,尽管if与whether都有“是否”之意,但放在句首引导主语从句时只能用whether不能用if。故选C项。答案 解析 关闭C-25-5.The regulation is welcomed by the public school buses should be designed to be safer in avoiding crash
23、es and preventing injuries.A.whetherB.which C.thatD.what 答案 解析 解析 关闭这是同位语从句,由that引导,表示The regulation的内容。由于这个同位语从句相对于谓语部分较长,所以放在了句尾,这叫作分隔式同位语从句。答案 解析 关闭C-26-6.I love the job of selling guitars.Thats my strengths meet my passions for music.A.whatB.which C.whereD.when 答案 解析 解析 关闭Thats后面是表语从句。意为“那就是我的长处
24、和我对于音乐的爱好相结合的地方”。此处用where引导表语从句,意义上相当于in selling guitars。答案 解析 关闭C-27-.单句语法填空 1.This is my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.2.By boat is the only way to get there,which is we arrived.3.Father made a promise he would buy me a dictionary if I passed the examination.4.The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal.5.Our English teacher told us to find out the difference between American English and British English lie.what how that when where