1、单元素养培优(五) Unit 5. 单句语法填空1. The house destroyed (destroy) in the fire cant be repaired. 2. Im determined(determine)to succeed. 3. Its amazing(amaze) how quickly people adapt. 4. The level of pollution in the river is measured (measure) every day. 5. His only chance of survival(survive) was a heart tr
2、ansplant. 6. They have to come up with a solution (solve) to the problem. 7. Hers was the first company founded (found) by a woman to reach the Fortune 500. 8. We can buy many kinds of ice-creams in the frozen (freeze) food section in supermarkets. 9. Theres been a drop in ticket sales in reaction (
3、react) to the review. 10. We are bound to see some ups and downs along the road to recovery (recover). . 选词填空lose track of, turn up, cut down, lead to, from time to time, concentrate on, recover from, up to, fall off, after all1. You should forgive him for his forgetfulness; after all, he is over se
4、venty. 2. Young children cant concentrate on one activity for a very long time. 3. He promised to come, but so far he has not turned up. 4. You wont fall off the stepladder; Ill hold it for you. 5. In the past ten years, a lot of trees have been cut down in the mountain. 6. Smoking too much will lea
5、d to lung cancer. 7. I cant agree more. We need to get away from work from time to time. 8. She returned to her hometown to recover from an illness. 9. We could go now or laterits up to you. 10. Toms work was so interesting that he lost track of the time. . 完成句子1. I see what you mean, but if you can
6、 manage to do it(如果你设法做成它), everything will change. 2. The government will allow them to advertise on radio and television(允许他们在广播和电视上做广告). 3. This suggestion will certainly lead to an argument(导致争论). 4. Just make sure you close the door(确信你关好门). 5. Sugar can be absorbed by the body in a variety of
7、forms(各种各样的形式). 6. I am concentrating on my job(专注于我的工作), thats my strength. 7. The high speed train can travel at a speed of over 400 kilometers per hour(以每小时四百多千米的速度). 8. His face goes white, and he just stares at his feet(盯着自己的脚). 9. So dont hurry. After all(毕竟), he cant run away. 10. Hold your h
8、orses(稍等), were not ready to leave yet! . 阅读理解A(2021无锡高一检测)How does an ecosystem work? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and
9、how much each one eats. With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator(掠食动物)always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物), the two species are strongly lin
10、ked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction(灭绝) of one of them. And if a predator can move on to a
11、nother species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction. Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top preda
12、tors can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other speciesincluding species they did not directly attack. And unplanned human activities have pro
13、ved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance. Scientists have built an early-warning
14、system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping p
15、oint(临界点), it is remarkably difficult for them to return. 【文章大意】本文主要讲述了科学家们已经建立了一个基于食物网的数学模型预警系统, 该系统揭示食物链中的生态平衡和破坏的原理和提醒人们应该保护生态系统。1. What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs? A. The living habits of species in food webs. B. The rules governing food webs of
16、the ecosystems. C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems. D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. 可知, 通过这些模型, 科学家们发现了一些在食物网中起作用的关键原理。由此可见, 科学家借助于食物网的数
17、学模型发现了控制生态系统食物网的规则。2. A strong link is found between two species when a predator _. A. has a wide food choiceB. can easily find new preyC. sticks to one prey speciesD. can quickly move to another place【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段If a predator can eat. . . prey to recover. 可知如果一个捕食者可以吃几个物种, 它就可以在其中一个物种灭绝后幸存下
18、来。如果一个捕食者可以转移到另一个物种, 当一个捕食物种变得稀少时, 更容易找到这个物种, 那么这个转换就允许原来的捕食者恢复。由此可见, 当食肉动物粘在一个捕食物种上时, 发现两个物种之间有一个很强的联系。3. What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline? A. The prey species they directly attack will die out. B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into t
19、op predators. C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged. D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句可知数学模型还表明, 食物网可能是不稳定的, 顶部食肉动物的微小变化可能导致整个生态系统的巨大影响。由此可见, 如果食物网中顶级食肉动物的数量大幅度下降, 其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。4. What conclusion can be dra
20、wn from the examples in Paragraph 4? A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems. B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats. C. Species of commercial value dominate other species. D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知无计划的人类活动证明了顶级掠食者自
21、上而下控制的想法是正确的。在海洋中, 我们在工业规模上捕捞顶级掠食者, 如鳕鱼, 而在陆地上, 我们杀死大型掠食者, 如狼。这些行动大大影响了生态平衡。由此可见, 不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。B(2021荆州高一检测)Have you ever wondered what wild animals do when no one is watching? Low cost, dependable and small modern cameras offered a big help. Cameras placed in hard-to-reach places have shot e
22、verything from small desert cats to larger snow-loving cats in the northern Rocky Mountains. Scientists have been able to document the “private” moments of wildlife with leading technology. Grant Harris is a government biologist with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in Albuquerque, New Me
23、xico. In his words, “theres no doubt that these wild cameras are important tools to learn new information on wildlife. ” Harris said some images help scientists see the effects of climate change. Researchers with the Wyoming Migration Initiative, or WMI, are among those using wild cameras along with
24、 global positioning systems, or GPS. But WMI director Matthew Kauffman says as those devices are limited, so is the amount of information they can gather from GPS. However, cameras can be left in very wild areas for days, weeks or even months. They can provide information on how many animals are mov
25、ing over a given period of time. Putting those cameras in place requires careful planning. Wild video can show details about animal behavior. However, wild cameras have their problems too. Animals such as wolverines and bears sometimes attack them. Scientists do not know if the attacks are the resul
26、t of anger or interest. Also, the devices have become popular tools to help hunters look for animals. Some people argue that it is unfair to use the cameras that way. Even with such problems, wild cameras are clearly an important scientific tool in researching wild animals. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的
27、野外摄像机, 它是研究野生动物的重要科学工具, 并介绍了它的使用所带来的问题。5. What does the underlined word “document” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Remind. B. Enrich. C. Appreciate. D. Record. 【解析】选D。词义猜测题。画线词所在句句意: 科学家们已经能够用领先的技术_野生动物的“私人”时刻。根据上文“Cameras placed in hard-to-reach places have shot everything from small desert cats to larger
28、snow-loving cats in the northern Rocky Mountains. ”由此可推断出, 科学家们是利用这种新型摄像机记录了野生动物的生活, “Record”意为“记录”, 故选D。6. Which is a disadvantage of wild cameras? A. They cannot be left in the wild over a long period. B. They cannot be placed in hard-to-reach areas. C. They provide limited information. D. They mi
29、ght be stolen by people. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“But WMI director Matthew Kauffman says as those devices are limited, so is the amount of information they can gather from GPS. ”可知, 野外摄像机的缺点是它能够提供的信息是有限的。故选C。7. Why do some people argue against using wild cameras? A. It is difficult to fix the cameras.
30、B. It helps hunters find animals easily. C. It is hard to achieve careful planning. D. It makes animals interested in the cameras. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Also, the devices have become popular tools to help hunters look for animals. Some people argue that it is unfair to use the cameras that way. ”由
31、此可知, 有些人反对使用野外摄像机是因为它帮助猎人很容易地找到动物。故选B。8. What is the authors attitude towards wild cameras? A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Uncertain. D. Uncaring. 【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据最后一段内容“Even with such problems, wild cameras are clearly an important scientific tool in researching wild animals. ”(即使野外摄像机存在着一些问题, 但它显然是研究
32、野生动物的重要科学工具。)由此可推断出, 作者对野外摄像机的态度是支持的。故选B。. 阅读填句(2021南通高一检测)Choosing the Right Path to Be a “Better” PersonLife is a constant exercise in self-improvement. In the rush to achieve, the idea of being“better”can become lost sometimes. You may always wonder how to improve yourself and fulfill your dreams
33、 in an easier way. 1Explore your talents. Everybody has some outstanding skills or interests. So its often necessary to be patient and try many things before you find one that suits you. 2 For example, people loving adventure may not be interested in the quiet chess club, but someone who enjoys othe
34、r quiet activities might be. Determining who you enjoy being around may help you know what youll enjoy. 3No matter how much money you make. you will not be happy if you spend your entire life doing something you hate. Its important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy. If you
35、re particularly unhappy at your job, consider why. 4 If you feel your job isnt meaningful, or isnt in line with your values, consider finding another job. Experience something new. Research has shown that when were in our comfort zone, we arent as productive as we are when we step just beyond it. 5B
36、ecause of that, we may react slowly to our own positive experiences and interactions with others, even when those are little scary. Doing so can help you achieve more. A. Do what you love. B. Here are some tips for you. C. Register in a class youre interested in. D. Humans adapt very quickly to posi
37、tive events. E. Its possible that some changes may change your feeling. F. Similar types of people may be attracted to the same activities. G. Try not to allow yourself to focus so much on a certain aspect of your life. 【文章大意】本文讲述的是如何选择正确的道路, 让自己成为一个“更好”的人。作者建议我们做自己喜欢做的事情, 积极向上, 让自己成为“更好”的人。1. 【解析】选
38、B。根据前一句You may always wonder how to improve yourself and fulfill your dreams in an easier way. 可知作者是想给别人提出如何更容易地去提升自己并实现梦想的建议。故选B。2. 【解析】选C。根据后文的举例可知, 喜欢冒险的人可能就不喜欢安静的象棋俱乐部, 也就是说, 注册你感兴趣的活动。故选C。3. 【解析】选A。根据本段的内容可知, 你要做你喜欢的事情。故选A。4. 【解析】选E。根据后一句If you feel your job isnt meaningful, or isnt in line wit
39、h your values, consider finding another job. 可知你不喜欢你的工作, 可以考虑再找一份, 所以做出一些改变就会改变你自己的内心感受。故选E。5. 【解析】选D。根据后一句Because of that, we may react slowly to our own positive experiences and interactions with others, 可知人类能够快速适应积极的事情。故选D。. 语法填空Australia was always a country I wanted to visit so I saved up some
40、money and 1. _ (take) the plane for Australia at 2. _end of the school term. It was strange when I arrived. It was the start of winter! Happily for me the weather was still hot and sunny though. 3. _ also took me a while to get used to the time difference. The country is 4. _( true) beautiful, full
41、of wildlife you wouldnt find anywhere else in the world. I visited a koala sanctuary (考拉保护区) in Brisbanethere were koalas everywhere 5. _ (sleep) in the trees and I even got the chance 6. _ (hold) one. I learnt lots of 7. _ (fact) about koalas, too. For example, koalas can sleep for up to 22 hours a
42、 day. At the sanctuary there were also kangaroos (袋鼠) that we 8. _ (allow) to feed. They were really cute and friendly. Another exciting part of my trip was snorkelling (潜泳) in the Great Barrier Reef, as the water was very clear and blue. I was also lucky to see some 9. _(interest)sea animals. I lov
43、ed visiting everywhere from the beautiful mountains and waterfalls in the National Parks 10. _ the long white sandy beaches. Its a beautiful country and worth visiting one day if you ever get the chance. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了作者去澳大利亚旅游的经历。1. 【解析】took。考查动词时态。and连接并列谓语, 根据上文saved可知应用一般过去时。故填took。2. 【解析】
44、the。考查冠词。句意: 澳大利亚一直是我想去旅游的国家, 所以我存了一些钱, 在学期结束时坐飞机去了澳大利亚。结合句意表示“在结束时”短语为at the end of。故填the。3. 【解析】It。考查固定句型。句意: 我也花了一段时间来适应时差。结合句意表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”句型为it takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 。句首单词首字母要大写。故填It。4. 【解析】truly。考查副词。修饰后文形容词beautiful应用副词truly, 表示“真实地”, 作状语。故填truly。5. 【解析】sleeping。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构
45、可知sleep在句中应用非谓语动词形式, 且与逻辑主语koalas构成主动关系, 故应用现在分词作状语。故填sleeping。6. 【解析】to hold。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知hold在句中应用非谓语动词形式, 此处修饰上文名词chance应用不定式, 作后置定语。故填to hold。7. 【解析】facts。考查名词的数。fact为可数名词, 由lots of修饰应用复数形式。故填facts。8. 【解析】were allowed。考查动词时态和语态。句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系, 且事情发生在过去, 应用一般过去时的被动语态, 主语为we, 谓语动词用复数。故填were al
46、lowed。9. 【解析】interesting。考查形容词。修饰后文名词短语sea animals应用形容词interesting, 作定语, 表示“有趣的”。故填interesting。10. 【解析】 to。考查介词。句意: 我喜欢到处游览, 从国家公园里美丽的山脉和瀑布到长长的白色沙滩。结合句意表示“从到”短语为from. . . to. . . 。故填to。. 单词拼写1. The money I saved these years enabled(使可能) me to buy the house. 2. Their quality(质量) of life improved when
47、 they moved to France. 3. Very few people survived(活下来) the fire. 4. The picture describes the beautiful scene(景色) of a March morning. 5. Please note the location(位置) of this folder in your computer. 6. First of all, please get yourself into a comfortable position (位置). 7. The little boy likes obser
48、ving(观察) stars in the sky at night. 8. At the time the boy lost all awareness(意识) of time and place. 9. He cant concentrate(集中) his thoughts on his studies. 10. Advertising is not the only element(要素) in the marketing process. . 阅读理解The year was 1932. Amelia Earhart was flying alone from North Ameri
49、ca to England in a small single-engined aeroplane. At midnight, several hours after she had left Newfoundland, she ran into bad weather. To make things worse, her altimeter (高度表)failed and she didnt know how high she was flying. At night, and in a storm, a pilot is in great difficulty without an alt
50、imeter. At times, her plane nearly plunged (冲)into the sea. Just before dawn, there was further trouble. Amelia noticed flames(火焰)coming from the engine. Would she be able to reach land? There was nothing to do except to keep going and to hope. In the end, Amelia Earhart did reach Ireland, and for t
51、he courage she had shown, she was warmly welcomed in England and Europe. When she returned to the United States, she was honored by President Hoover at a special dinner in the White House. From that time on, Amelia Earhart was famous. What was so important about her flight? Amelia Earhart was the fi
52、rst woman to fly the Atlantic Ocean alone, and she had set a record of fourteen hours and fifty-six minutes. In the years that followed, Amelia Earhart made several flights across the United States, and on each occasion(时刻)she set a new record for flying time. Amelia Earhart made these flights to sh
53、ow that women had a place in aviation (航空)and that air travel was useful. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Amelia Earhart在遇到危险的时候, 临危不惧, 成功完成了飞行任务, 受到人们的热烈欢迎, 也收获了荣誉, 而且在航空事业取得很大成就, 成为女性飞行员的先驱。1. Which of the following statements is NOT the difficulty which Amelia Earhart met in her flight from North America to
54、England? A. She was caught in a storm. B. The altimeter went out of order. C. Her engine went wrong. D. She lost her direction. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。从第一段的内容: she ran into bad weather. To make things worse, her altimeter failed and she didnt know how high she was flying. At night, and in a storm, a pilot is
55、in great difficulty without an altimeter. At times, her plane nearly plunged into the sea. 可知她遇到了暴风雨, 高度表出了故障, 从第二段的句子: Just before dawn, there was further trouble. Amelia noticed flames coming from the engine. 可知发动机也出问题了, 没有提到她失去方向, 故选D。2. When Amelia Earhart saw flames coming from the engine, what
56、 did she do? A. She did nothing but pray for herself. B. She changed her direction and landed in Ireland. C. She continued flying. D. She lost hope of reaching land. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。从第二段的句子: Would she be able to reach land? There was nothing to do except to keep going and to hope. 可知看见发动机着火了, 她还继续飞行, 故
57、选C。3. Which of the following statements was NOT mentioned? A. She was the first woman successfully flying across the Atlantic Ocean alone. B. She showed great courage in overcoming the difficulties during the flight. C. She was warmly welcomed in England, Europe and the United States. D. She made pl
58、ans to fly around the world. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。从第三段的句子: In the end, Amelia Earhart did reach Ireland, and for the courage she had shown, 可知B是对的; she was warmly welcomed in England and Europe. When she returned to the United States, she was honored by President Hoover at a special dinner in the White Hous
59、e. 可知C是对的; 从第四段的句子: Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly the Atlantic Ocean alone, 可知A是对的, 文章没有说她想飞越全世界, 故选D。4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Amelia EarhartFirst Across the Atlantic. B. Amelia EarhartPioneer in Womens Aviation. C. A New Record for Flying Tim
60、e. D. A Dangerous Flight from North America to England. 【解析】选B。标题归纳题。从文章最后一段的句子: Amelia Earhart made these flights to show that women had a place in aviation and that air travel was useful. 可知Amelia Earhart是女性飞行员的先驱, 故选B。. 完形填空Ive started learning two languages: Spanish and Russian. I wanted to lear
61、n two languages, because I want to go travelling in 1 next year and I want to be able to speak to the local people. Im not sure 2 Ill go to Spain or to Russia, so Im not sure which language will be most 3. Maybe I wont need Russian, but I dont want to keep all my eggs in one basket, so Im going to l
62、earn 4languages. When I started learning 5, I thought it was the best thing since sliced bread. I hadnt 6a hobby so much in a long time. The Spanish accent is beautiful and 7 an English speaker, the grammar was a piece of cake or so I thought! I thought it was so 8, I decided I didnt need to study s
63、o hard but then I 9. We had our first exam and everything 10 wrong. I couldnt remember the right words and I knew I was making lots of 11 in the grammar. When it came to the speaking exam, I just couldnt think of 12 to say! Well Ive learned my lesson now. If you want to learn a language you have to
64、13 a lot of effort. I decided it was best to 14 learning Russian at the same time and to focus on Spanish. 15, Russian wasnt really my cup of tea. I didnt really like the sound of it and the pronunciation was too difficult for me. 【文章大意】本文是说明文。主要讲述了作者为了欧洲旅游而学习语言的情况。1. A. America B. AsiaC. Africa D.
65、Europe【解析】选D。根据上下文可知, 因为我想明年去欧洲旅行, 再结合下一句中的“Im not sure _Ill go to Spain or to Russia”我不确定是去西班牙还是去俄罗斯。可知去的是欧洲(Europe)。America美洲; Asia亚洲; Africa非洲。2. A. whenB. whetherC. howD. why【解析】选B。根据语境可知, 我不确定是去西班牙还是去俄罗斯。根据空格前的“Im not sure”我不确定可知表示不确定是去西班牙还是去俄罗斯。when当时候; whether是否; how怎样; why为什么。3. A. interesti
66、ngB. usefulC. difficultD. boring【解析】选B。根据上下文可知, 我不确定是去西班牙还是去俄罗斯, 因此我不确定哪种语言最有用(useful)。再结合下一句“Maybe I wont need Russian, but I dont want to keep all my eggs in one basket, so Im going to learn _languages. ”也许我不需要俄语, 但我不想孤注一掷, 所以我要学两种语言。可知不知道哪种语言最有用。interesting有趣的; difficult难的; boring令人厌倦的。4. A. both
67、B. allC. neitherD. none【解析】选A。根据上下文可知, 也许我不需要俄语, 但我不想孤注一掷, 所以我要学两种(both)语言。both两者都; all三者或三者以上; neither两者都不; none一个也没有。5. A. EnglishB. ChineseC. SpanishD. Russian【解析】选C。根据语境可知, 当我开始学西班牙语的时候, 我认为这是有史以来最好的事情, 根据后文“The Spanish accent is beautiful”西班牙口音很美, 可知, 学的是西班牙语。English英语; Chinese汉语; Spanish西班牙语;
68、Russian俄语。6. A. foundB. enjoyedC. gotD. discussed【解析】选B。根据上下文可知, 我很久没有这么喜欢(enjoy)过一个爱好了。find发现; get得到; discuss讨论。7. A. forB. byC. onD. to【解析】选A。根据语境可知, 西班牙口音很美, 对于(for)一个英语使用者来说, 语法是小菜一碟或者至少我是这么认为的! by经由; on在上; to到。8. A. funnyB. excitingC. importantD. easy【解析】选D。根据语境可知, 西班牙口音很美, 对于一个英语使用者来说, 语法是小菜一碟
69、或者至少我是这么认为! 我觉得这很容易(easy)。funny有趣的; exciting令人激动的; important重要的。9. A. had a good timeB. made a faceC. got a shockD. did my best【解析】选C。根据下文I couldnt remember the right words and I knew I was making lots of _in the grammar. 可知, 我们的第一次考试, 所有的事情都搞砸了, 因此此处意为“我以为很容易, 我决定我不必这么努力学习, 但后来我震惊了。”have a good tim
70、e 玩得开心; make a face做鬼脸; get a shock震惊; do my best尽全力。10. A. wentB. hadC. finishedD. discovered【解析】选A。根据下文可知, 我不记得正确的单词, 我在语法上也犯了很多错误。因此, 我们第一次考试, 考得很糟糕。go wrong出错, go为系动词。11. A. jokesB. friendsC. mistakesD. promises【解析】选C。根据上下文可知, 我记不起正确的单词, 我在语法上也犯了很多错误(mistake)。joke玩笑; friend朋友; promise承诺。12. A. h
71、owB. whenC. whereD. what【解析】选D。根据语境可知, 说到口语考试, 我就是想不出该说什么(what)! how怎么样; when当时候; where哪里。13. A. get intoB. get outC. put inD. go out【解析】选C。根据上下文可知, 如果你想学一门语言, 你必须付出很多努力。get into 陷入, 习惯于; get out离开; put in花费; go out 出去。14. A. stopB. startC. keepD. practice【解析】选A。根据语境可知, 我决定终止俄语的学习, 集中精力学西班牙语, 根据下文“and to focus on Spanish”集中精力学西班牙语可知要放弃学俄语。stop停止; start开始; keep保持; practice练习。15. A. LuckilyB. SurelyC. HoweverD. Anyway【解析】选D。根据语境可知, 不管怎样, 俄语不是我真心喜欢的语言。我真的不喜欢它的发音, 俄语发音对我来说太难了。luckily幸运的是; surely当然; however然而; anyway不管怎样。