1、2014春季人教版新课标必修4U2系列学案（2）（重点词汇精讲）重点词汇 1. for whom he has struggled for the past five decades .struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力典例 1). They were struggling to get out the burning car. 他们挣扎着从烧着的车里往外爬。2). The book is about their struggle for liberation. 这本书写的是他们为解放而作的斗争。词语归纳struggle for 为而斗争struggle with / agains
2、t与作斗争struggle to do sth.努力做某事straggle to one s feet挣扎着站起来a life-and-death struggle生死搏斗练习 按要求填空或翻译。1). They are _ (为而斗争) the position2). They struggled all through the years _ us _ the Japanese.(介词)3). The fox struggled _ (escape).4). He _ _ _ _ (挣扎着站起来) and dragged slowly ahead.Keys: 1). struggling
3、for 2). with; against 3). to escape 4). struggled to his feet2. He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 equipment n.u 装备；设备典例1). They equipped themselves for the expedition. 他们为远征治装。2). A good education should equip you for life. 有良好的
4、教育能受用终生。3）Most parents want to equip their children with a good education. 接受良好教育。4）In the new factory all the equipment was up to date. 这个新工厂里的所有设备都是现代化的。重点用法equip sb./sth. with 用武装某人；用装备某物 equip sb./sth. for 为而武装某人；为而装备某物 a piece of office equipment 一件办公设备*指的是用于某种特殊专门用途或特殊目的(研究、工作、战争等)所需要的全套设备,如装备
5、、器械、仪表等,尤用来指实用或技术性的装备、设备。练习 按要求填空或翻译。1). The soldiers were well _ _ (装备好了) weapons. 2). We must equip young teachers _ _ _ (对付) difficult children. 3). This library is equipped _ (介词) atomic research.4). Our classroom _ _ _ (装备有) a computer and a tape recorder.Keys: 1). equipped with 2). to deal wit
6、h 3). for 4). is equipped with 3. This disturbing problem led to his regretting being a farmer. regret (regretted) vt. (对)遗憾；惋惜 n.c,u 遗憾；惋惜典例1). If you go now, you ll regret it. 假若你现在就走, 一定得後悔。2). I regret to say the job has been filled. 十分抱歉, 那个工作已经有人做了。重点用法regret to say/tell/announce/inform 遗憾地说/告
7、诉/宣布/通知 regret doing / having done sth. 后悔已做了某事 regret that 遗憾/后悔*The old lady often takes pity on small animals. 那位老太太常常怜悯（同情）小动物。练习 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。1). I now regret _ (leave) school so young.2). _ _ _ _(非常抱歉), I am unable to accept your invitation.3). I regret _ (inform) you that your contract
8、will not be renewed. Keys: 1). leaving / having done 2). Much to my regret/To my great regret 3). to inform 4.A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. reduce vt.&vi. 减少；减缩 reduction n.缩减，减少，降低 典例1). He reduced his weight from 98 to 92 kilos/by 6 kilos. 他把体重从98公斤减少到92公斤
9、。2) Consumption is being reduced by 25 per cent.消费下降了25个百分点3). The reform has reduced us to servants of the State. 这一改革把我们都降为公务员了。4) We need to reduce our dependence on oil as a source of energy. 在能源方面,我们需减少对石油的依赖。重点用法reduce sth (from.) to. 把某物从减少到 reduce sth. by. 减少多少练习 根据句子意思填入正确的介词。1). We must re
10、duce our expenses _ 300 yuan a month. 2). Their output has been reduced _ 10 percent.3). He reduced his weight _ 6 kilos.Keys: 1). to 2). by 3). by 5. They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. focus vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦 n. c,u 焦点；中心点 典例1). Focus your camera. 把照相机的焦距调准。2). Her beauty m
11、akes her the focus of attention. 她长得漂亮, 很惹人注目。3) Her children are the main focus of her life. 孩子们是她生活的重心4) He focused the suns rays on the paper with a burning glass. 他用取火镜使太阳光聚集在纸上。重点用法focus on集中于focus (one s attention/mind/efforts) on集中(注意力/心思/精力)于 * concentrate on put ones heart into.练习 按要求填空或翻译。
12、1). The focus of recent research has been _ (介词) environmental issues. 2). All eyes _ _ (集中于) her.3). They focused their mind on _ (do) the experiment. Keys: 1). on 2). focused on 3). Doing6. Swap (交换)summaries with your partner and give each other comments. comment vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 n. c, u 评论；议论 典
13、例1). The scandal caused a lot of comment. 这件丑闻遭到很多议论。2). “Will you resign, Minister?” “No comment!”“部长，你是要辞职吗?”“无可奉告。”重点用法comment on/about sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论make comments/no comment on sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论/不进行评论练习 按要求填空或翻译。1). Have you any comment(s) _ (make) on the recent developments? 2). Asked about
14、the date of the election, the Prime Minister _ _ (发表意见) no decision had yet been made. 3). She was asked about the pay increase but _ _ _ (不进行评论) on it.Keys: 1). to make 2). commented that 3). made no comment 7. At that time , hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. Hunger:
15、 n. 饥饿；欲望 v . 使饥饿With hunger 因为、由于饥饿 die of hunger 死于饥饿 have a (strong)hunger for 渴望某物Hunger for/after 渴望得到 hunger to do 渴望做某事- But Jules was not eager for classroom learning, he hungered for adventure. 但朱尔斯对坐在课堂里学习并不热心，他渴望冒险。- He satisfied his hunger with a sandwich and milk. 他以三明治和牛奶充饥。- At that t
16、ime I felt faint with hunger. 当时我饿得发昏。- Geffen has a hunger for success that seems bottomless. 格芬的成功欲望似乎永无止境。8. Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. Expand: 使变大； 把扩展 expand( 范围；体积)； extend ( 长度；宽度的延伸；时间的延长) expansion (n.) 扩大； 扩张- Metals
17、 expand when they are heated. 金属受热会膨胀。- We have to expand the size of the image. 我们不得不放大图像的尺寸。9. He found the knowledge Yuan circulated very practical .Circulate vt/vi 循环；流传（knowledge） circulation n. 流通，传播； 血液循环- The blood must circulate freely everywhere in the body. 血液应该是全身畅通的。- Cooking odors can
18、circulate throughout the entire house. 做饭的香味可以传到家里的各个角落。- People who circulate false news are to be blamed. 散布流言者该受遣责。10. Yuan Longping has another dream : to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe.Export vt/vi 输出；出口 import vt/vi 进口- The islands export sugar and fruit. 这些岛屿出口糖和水果-
19、The government has imposed export restraints on some products. 政府对一些产品实行了出口控制。- to export ideas, institutions to another country 把思想、习俗等传到另一国家11. Occupation n. 工作；职业；占领- I havent entered your name and occupation yet. 我尚未记下你的名字和职业。- She got a sideline occupation.她从事第二职业。* 单词辨析-occupation可以泛指各种职业。prof
20、ession指必须受过相当高的教育或专门训练才能从事的知识性职业,如律师、医生、建筑师等。vocation指专心从事的业务,除谋生的行业外,还包括专门爱好。trade则是指涉及体力或手工劳动、手工操作机械或工具的职业；career 多年、甚至终身从事的事业。Job 任何有收益的工作，长期的或是临时的。- Mr. Brown is a lawyer by profession.布朗先生的职业是律师。思考作业完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。What can be done in order
21、 to make sure that no one in the world goes hungry？Generally _36_，the human race has the information and experience to do this._37_，humans have so far not been _38_ enough to make correct decisions. It has been proved that the way to _39_ the most food is to _40_ farmers grow crops either to feed th
22、e family _41_ to sell，whichever they _42_ to do.Although this happens in China，it doesnt happen in _43_ other Asian countries.If the farmers could farm the land themselves，_44_ production would be much higher.But many less developed countries are in debt because they borrowed money from _45_ countri
23、es in order to _46_ industry.Unfortunately they find it _47_ to repay this _48_.As a result，farmers are forced to _49_ “cash crops” (经济作物)，like coffee，tea，cocoa，nuts and tobacco that are sold abroad so as to pay _50_ the countrys debts.The _51_ is that much of the land is _52_ for crops that will _5
24、3_ feed the population.If fewer cash crops were grown，more food _54_ be produced and there would be _55_ or no starvation (饥荒)36A.speak BspeakingCto speak Dspoken37A.However BWhateverCWhenever DWherever38A.foolish BcarefulCjust Dwise39A.grow BcookCproduce Deat40A.let BallowCpermit Dadvise41A.no Bnor
25、Cand Dor42A.follow BchooseCprefer Dlearn43A.some BanyCthe Dmore44A.coffee BteaCtobacco Dfood45A.richer BpoorerClarger Dbigger46A.make BdevelopCproduce Dprovide47A.easy BfairCdifficult Dright48A.food BmoneyCcrops Dindustry49A.keep BproduceCprovide Dplant50A.of BoffCfor Dby51A.question BproblemCdecision Dchange52A.used BgrownClived Dsold53A.hardly BseldomCever Dnever54A.could BmustCcan Dshall55A.fewer BlessCsmaller Dmore【参考答案】完形填空3655、36B37A38D39C40A41D42B43A44D45A46B47C48B49D50B51B52A53D54A55B