1、第二部分 语法专题专题一 构词法一、名词的构词法1动词变名词的后缀 2.形容词变名词的后缀 3.表示“人”的后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示“人”的后缀有：语篇填空AFrom the _1_(express)on Marys face,he knew he left a bad _2_(impress)on her and if she won the _3_(elect)to become chairman of the Environment _4_(organize),he could not get her _5_(permit)to joi
2、n it although he was willing to do his bit to rid the world of _6_(pollute)and to help people enjoy a better earth.When he was wondering how to change this embarrassing situation，he got _7_(inspire)from his wifes words.Yes,he should try his best to win the election and become chairman himself with h
3、is _8_(determine)to work for the organization.“My dear，you are really a wonderful _9_(help)！Im sure I will be the _10_(win)of the election.”He said to his wife excitedly.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9 10.expressionimpressionelectionOrganizationpermissionpollution inspirationdeterminationhelperwinnerBIt was reall
4、y a hard time when Li Ping first came to the United States.His _1_(earn)could hardly cover the expenses，so when his wife gave _2_(bear)to their second daughter，they could not afford enough nutritious food.Soon，poor nutrition caused the _3_(die)of the poor baby._4_(lonely)was another problem because
5、they had no _5_(relate)or friends there.Thanks to his _6_(brave)and _7_(persevere)，he managed to gain the _8_(citizen)of the United States and in the end he had his permanent _9_(settle).He always tells his children like this：Perseverance leads to _10_(happy)and success.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9 10.earnings
6、birthdeath Lonelinessrelationsbravery perseverancecitizenship settlementhappiness二、形容词、副词后缀1动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词-ableacceptacceptable 可接受的comfortcomfortable 舒适的fashionfashionable 时髦的suitsuitable 合适的reasonreasonable 有道理的后缀例词-almusicmusical 音乐的originoriginal 最初的personpersonal 个人的；私人的centercentral 中央的；中心
7、的naturenatural 自然的；天生的-fuldoubtdoubtful 怀疑的forgetforgetful 健忘的harmharmful 有害的hopehopeful 有希望的peacepeaceful 和平的后缀例词-edscarescared 感到恐惧的confuseconfused 感到困惑的underlineunderlined 下划线的-ingsurprisesurprising 令人惊异的convinceconvincing 令人信服的satisfysatisfying 令人满意的-ibleaccessaccessible 容易取得的horrorhorrible 可怕的；
8、恐怖的terrorterrible 可怕的后缀例词-iveactactive 积极的；活跃的effecteffective 有效的；生效的attractattractive 有吸引力的impressimpressive 给人深刻印象的-ouscontinuecontinuous 不断的；持续的anxietyanxious 忧虑的cautioncautious 十分小心的；谨慎的curiositycurious 好奇的humorhumorous 幽默的-sometiretiresome 令人厌倦的troubletroublesome 麻烦的后缀例词-ytastetasty 美味的；可口的heal
9、thhealthy 健康的wealthwealthy 富裕的；丰富的-erneasteastern 东方的；向东的-ishchildchildish 孩子气的foolfoolish 愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish 自私的-icsciencescientific 科学的economyeconomic 经济的historyhistoric 历史上著名的2.形容词变副词的后缀在形容词后加-ly 可变成相应意义的副词直接加-lyfortunatefortunately 幸运地clearclearly 清楚地slowslowly 缓慢地immediateimmediately 立即改 y 为-il
10、yhappyhappily 高兴地easyeasily 容易地去 e 加-lytruetruly 真诚地；确实possiblepossibly 可能地simplesimply 简单地gentlegently 温柔地.单句语法填空1Finding some strange men hanging about,the woman quickly locked her door,very(scare)2The good working condition in this city is (attract)3You can rely on him because he is (rely)4In my
11、opinion,we should take road safety(serious)in our daily life.5(lucky),he also had a cow producing milk every day.scaredattractivereliableseriouslyLuckily.语篇填空Mary had lived in China for _1_(near)twenty years before she came here.Ive planned to visit China next year.So I requested her to tell me the
12、_2_(good)time to go there.Mary said to me,“The most comfortable time to visit China is either between March and May or between September and early November.During these months,the weather is _3_(particular)pleasant throughout the country,neither too hot nor too cold.”Im _4_(interest)in tasting all k
13、inds of food all over the world.I asked her to say something about the _5_(China)food.“Well,Chinese food is delicious and _6_(reasonable)priced.What is even _7_(good)is that restaurants do not ask for or accept tips.”she said _8_(patient).“Language can be a problem in China,_9_(especial)for first-ti
14、me visitors.”said Mary.She advised me to learn some _10_(base)words and phrases.Moreover,she reminded me to carry an English-Chinese pocket dictionary.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9 10.nearlybestparticularlyinterestedChinesereasonably betterpatientlyespeciallybasic三、动词词缀前缀 en-endanger v.使处于危险之中encourage v.鼓励enri
15、ch v.丰富enlarge v.变大；增大；扩大后缀-ensharpen v.使锋利shorten v.缩短widen v.加宽-fybeautify v.美化simplify v.简化classify v.归类purify 提纯-izelocalize v.使地方化realize v.认识到popularize v.普及单句语法填空1These activities (able)the students to know how to apply the knowledge learned in the textbooks.2I work hard to (real)my dream.3So
16、me think that studying abroad can (broad)their horizon.4You should (simple)your idea.enablerealizebroadensimplify5Try your best to(memory)these new words.6The question must be (simple)so that we can find out a solution to it.7It costs a lot of money if we plan to (pure)the waste water.8The bank of J
17、apan began to(low)interest rates in July 1991,soon after property prices began to decline.9 You can (large)your vocabulary if you keep on memorizing some new words every day.10The sentence (summary)the information given above.memorizesimplifiedpurifylowerenlargesummarized四、否定词缀1表示否定意义的前缀un-不，非unable
18、 不能够 unlucky 不幸的dis-不，非 dishonest 不诚实的 discontinuous 不连贯的in-不，非 inactive 不活跃的 incorrect 不正确的im-不，非 impatient 不耐烦的 impossible 不可能的ir-不，非 irregular 不规则的 irresponsible 不负责任的il-不，非 illogical 不合逻辑的 illegal 非法的non-不，非nonexistent 不存在的 nonstop 连续不断的mis-错误mislead 误导 misunderstand 误解dis-动词(意义相反)dislike 不喜欢 di
19、sagree 不同意un-动词(意义相反)uncover 揭开 undress 脱衣服2.表示否定意义的后缀名词-less否定意义的形容词use n.用处；用途 useless adj.无用的hope n.希望 hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的home n.家 homeless adj.无家可归的.单句语法填空1He (understand)me,which made me upset.2Its(legal)to sell guns in China.3To most young children,being laughed at by others is a(n)(pleasan
20、t)experience.4He got (patient)due to the long wait.5A lot of people became (home)owing to the terrible earthquake.misunderstoodillegalunpleasantimpatienthomeless.语篇填空The speech seemed to be _1_(stop)and the listeners became very _2_(patient).When the speaker said that oil was _3_(renew)and that the
21、best way to solve the problem was not to make cars and buses to force people to go to work or school on foot,the audience thought it was _4_(practice)and _5_(bear)to listen to him any longer.They _6_(believe)that the world would go smoothly without these modern transportations.They also thought that
22、 the speaker was _7_(responsible)to make such a statement without thinking it carefully and his speech would cause some _8_(understand).So most of the listeners chose to leave,shouting loudly and angrily.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.nonstoimpatient non-renewableimpracticalunbearabledisbelievedirresponsiblemisund
23、erstandings五、正确使用派生词1动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词类后一般接名词或动名词。如果所给单词是其他词类，就要将其改为名词，并注意名词数的变化。The Great Wall is more than 6,300 km in _(long)The black people were against slavery and fought for their _(free)bravely.2动词、介词后一般接名词或动名词。所给单词为动词，就要看该动词是否有名词形式。如果有名词形式，就用其名词形式。如果该动词没有名词形式，就用其动名词形式。此外，如果所给动词有名词形式，就要看其后有无宾语
24、。如果后有宾语，用动名词形式；后无宾语，则用名词形式。My English improved a lot;more importantly,I gained much _(confident)Without _(hesitate),I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.3动词前后、形容词前后可有副词。如果所需词为副词，还要考虑副词级别的变化。The little girl is _(extreme)eager to know the result of the exam.Your composition is
25、 _(bad)organized.Please do your writing exercise more _(attend)next time.Youre driving too fast.Can you drive a bit _(slow)?4名词前面一般可有形容词修饰语。如果所需词为形容词，还要考虑形容词级别的变化。Whats the _(wide)river in the world?The _(strength)we become,the more modest we should be.答案：1.length freedom2confidence hesitation3extre
26、mely badly;attentively more slowly4widest stronger.单句语法填空1A career in law is becoming increasingly (attract)to young people.2Your (perform)as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.3My first (impress)of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.4T
27、he book provides (value)information on recent trends.attractiveperformanceimpressionvaluable5Im (true)sorry that things had to end like this.6We are all (entire)responsible for our actions and for our reactions.7The (freeze)Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter.8As we k
28、now,the dinosaurs (appear)long ago.9As this can be seen,it was a time of social unrest.It is hard to avoid great (fortune)occurred.10If you go on working like this,youll (danger)your health.trulyentirelyfreezingdisappearedmisfortuneendanger11(obvious),the story is not true,but the festival is intere
29、sting.12When Bob was still young,his parents (marry)ended in divorce.13Not knowing how to operate the computer is one of the (advantage)in finding jobs.14(thank),I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.15Letting that animal escape was no accident;you did it(intend)Obvi
30、ouslymarriagedisadvantagesThankfullyintentionally16What you said sounded (reason)but in fact it was untrue.17We have to learn (advance)technology from other countries.18Youd better give up smoking if you want to keep(health)19Not only the teachers but also the students find the website(benefit)20It
31、snowed (heavy)last night and now the streets are covered with snow.reasonableadvancedhealthybeneficialheavily.单句改错1If you find a position there,Im sure youll see a rapid improve in both your character and abilities.2Her disappointing look showed that she failed the exam again.3The child looked sad a
32、t his brother who was badly wounded.4Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.improve 改为 improvementdisappointing 改为 disappointedsad 改为 sadlyseriously 改为 serious5I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time.Unfortunate,I was held up by the heavy t
33、raffic jam.6 However,in the past few months,the situation has worse considerably.7To my disappointment,the guide cut my holiday shortly by 2 days.8Hearing this,the whole class burst into laugh.9Its a specially day today and Ive had a self-made gift prepared for you.10This is a letter of complaint co
34、ncerned the actions of one of your online stores.Unfortunate 改为 Unfortunatelyworse 改为 worsenedshortly 改为 shortlaugh 改为 laughterspecially 改为 specialconcerned 改为 concerning.语篇填空“Do the difficult things while they are easy and do the great things while they are small.”“Nothing is softer or _1_(flexible
35、)than water,yet nothing can resist it.”These are the food for thought _2_(serve)to tube passengers at Oval station in south London.Its been 14 years since customer services manager Anthony Genfles _3_(inspire)to brighten up the“blank faces”of travelers with daily _4_(wise)from his favorite book,Tao
36、Te Ching.Every day he wrote one quote on the board _5_(him).Mr Gentles said offering quotes from ancient China was his way of _6_(try)to make people feel more welcome as they braved the Underground.Thousands of quotes later,Mr Gentles favorite message remains the first one he wrote:“A journey of a t
37、housand miles must begin _7_ a single step”.“Because its _8_(fundamental)true，”he said.“No matter _9_ you live your life,regardless of your situation,you have to take the first step.”Since 2007,the baton(接力棒)has been taken on by his colleague Glen Sutherland,_10_ quotes on the station information bo
38、ard have set off a wave of enthusiasm to copy the practice across the capital.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9 10.More flexibleservedwas inspiredwisdomhimselftryingwithfundamentallyhowwhose.短文改错The Spring Festival is approaching and many students want to go travelling.But I had made up my mind not to go anywhere.T
39、he reasons are as follows.Firstly,as senior three student,I have to work hardly to be admitted to my dream university.Whats more,Id like to do some houseworks so that my parents can have a better rest.Meanwhile,during every holiday,there are so much tourists in almost every scenic spot that it is di
40、fficult to admire for the beautiful scenery and enjoy myself.Beside,there is a long holiday waits for me after the College Entrance Examination.And they can travel anywhere I like then.答案The Spring Festival is approaching and many students want to go travelling.But I hadhave made up my mind not to g
41、o anywhere.The reasons are as follows.Firstly,as a senior three student,I have to work hardlyhard to be admitted to my dream university.Whats more,Id like to do some houseworkshousework so that my parents can have a bettergoodrest.Meanwhile,during every holiday,there are so muchmany tourists in almost every scenic spot that it is difficult to admire for the beautiful scenery and enjoy myself.BesideBesides，there is a long holiday waitswaiting for me after the College Entrance Examination.And theyI can travel anywhere I like then.