1、第二部分 语法专题专题十五 特殊句式1(2016天津卷)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotelthe coach picks up tourists.that解析：句意：你等错地方了。长途客车是在宾馆接游客。考查强调句型。被强调部分为 at the hotel，故设空处填 that。2(2016江苏卷)Not until recentlythey encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.did解析：句意：直到近期，他们才开
2、始鼓励农村地区与旅游有关的活动的发展。not until 位于句首时，句子需用部分倒装结构，此处指过去所发生的动作，需用一般过去时，故答案为 did。3(2015湖南卷)Video games can be a poor influence if(leave)in the wrong hands.left解析：句意：电子游戏如果落入不对的人的手里就可能有坏的影响。这里考查了 leave 作及物动词的用法，可以理解为 if(video games are)left in the wrong hands，主从句的主语相同，省略从句中的主语和 be 动词。4(2015天津卷)Only when Li
3、ly walked into the office she realize that she had left the contract at home.did解析：句意：直到莉莉走进办公室她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。“only状语从句”置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装形式。根据题干中的 had left 可以推断出设空处应该用一般过去时，故填did。5(2015北京卷)If(accept)for the job,youll be informed soon.accepted解析：句意：如果你被录取做这个工作，你将很快被通知。本题考查状语从句的省略。完整的句子为 If you are accep
4、ted for the job,youll be informed soon.6(2015湖南卷)Only after talking to two students I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.did解析：句意：直到跟两个学生谈过之后，我才意识到有强大的动机是达成目标最关键的因素之一。“only状语”放在句首，后面句子需用部分倒装形式。根据语境可知设空处应该用一般过去时，故答案为 did。7(2015湖南卷)Alwaysin mind that
5、 your main task is to get this company running smoothly.keep解析：句意：永远记住，你的主要任务就是让这个公司顺利运作。句子没有主语且表示命令，故为祈使句，答案为 keep。一、倒装句(一)全部倒装全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1here,there,now,then,thus 等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用 be,come,go,lie,run。There goes the bell.铃响了。For a moment nothing happened.Then cam
6、e voices all shouting together.有一会儿什么都没发生，后来便传来了一片叫喊的声音。2表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语为表示运动的动词。Out rushed a boy from under the bridge.从桥下跑出来了一个男孩。Just in front of the bus lies an injured man,all covered with blood.公共汽车的前面躺着一个受伤的人，浑身是血。3若把作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时，用完全倒装句。Present at the meeting were some scientist
7、s from all over the world.许多来自世界各地的科学家出席了会议。点拨 如果主语是人称代词，不能使用完全倒装。Here it is.它在这儿。(二)部分倒装把助动词、情态动词或 be 动词置于主语之前的句子为部分倒装句。1sobe 动词/助动词/情态动词主语，意为“也是如此”。They love having lots of friends;so _ I.他们喜欢交很多朋友，我也是如此。2neither/norbe 动词/助动词/情态动词主语，意为“也不这样”。Lily cant ride a bicycle;neither/nor _ Lucy.莉莉不会骑自行车，露西也
8、不会。3将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首引起的部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never,seldom,rarely,little,few,at no time,by no means,no longer,hardly/scarcely.when.,no sooner.than.,not only.but also.,not until,nowhere,neither.nor.等。Never before _ she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.她以前从没见过打网球打得和罗伯特一样好的人。4only 修饰副词、介词短语或
9、状语从句，且都放在句首时。Only then _ I begin to understand him.就在那时，我才开始理解他。Only in this way _ we solve the problem.只有用这种方法，我们才能解决这个问题。Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.只有当他病的非常严重时，他才待在床上。5so.that.和 such.that.句式中，so 或 such 及其所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。So clearly _ he speak English that he can alwa
10、ys make himself understood.他英语说得如此清楚，以至于别人都能听懂。Such progress _ he make that he won much respect.他取得了如此大的进步，以至于赢得了很多尊敬。6if 引导的虚拟语气的句子中，如果省略 if 需倒装。_ I you,I would work hard.如果我是你，我会努力工作。_ you told me earlier,I would have offered some help.如果你早点告诉我，我早就提供了一些帮助。7as 引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构，即 as 引导的让步状语从句中必须将表语、状
11、语(形容词、副词、分词)或实义动词提前，构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词as主语谓语的其他部分”的形式。Hard _ he tried,he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.尽管他尽力了，但他似乎还是没能满意地做好这项工作。答案：(二)1.do 2.can 3.has 4.did;can5does;did 6.Were;Had 7.as/though二、强调句1强调句型的基本构成是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。被强调部分为“人”时可用 who/that，被强调部
12、分是“事物”时用 that。It is I who/that am right.(强调主语)It was him that/who we met at the school gate.(强调宾语)It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(强调状语)2强调句型的一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他成分。Was it in 1939 _ the Second World War broke out?第二次世界大战是在 1939 年爆发的吗？3强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词is/was it that其他成分。When
13、was it _ he made up his mind to take this course?他是什么时候决定修这门课程的？4有时可用 It might be.that/who.,It must have been.that/who.句型表示强调。It might be his father _ youre thinking of.你牵挂的可能是他父亲。It must have been his brother _ you saw.你看到的一定是他的弟弟。5not.until.结构的强调句型。其强调句式为 It is/was not until被强调部分that其他成分。It was no
14、t until ten oclock _ I went to bed.直到十点我才上床睡觉。答案：2.that 3.that 4.that/who;that/who 5.that三、省略与替代(一)定语从句中的省略现象限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 that,which,whom 常可以省略。如：She is the girl(whom/who/that)I would like to work with.(二)状语从句中的省略现象在 as if,if,though,when,where,while,no matter what,until 等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含 be 动词，而主
15、语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是 it 时，从句的主语和谓语中的 be 动词可以一起省略。While(I was)on the street,I came across a friend of mine.当我在街上的时候，我碰到了我的一个朋友。If(you are)offered help,never forget to say“Thank you！”如果别人帮助了你，一定不要忘了说声“谢谢”。If(it is)possible,I would like to do it myself.如果可能的话，我会自己去做那件事。The exhibition is more interesting th
16、an(it was)expected.展览比预想的更有趣。(三)不定式的省略，单独使用不定式符号 to1代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常用在 be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish 等后面。The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.那名司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。2在 have,need,ought,be going,u
17、sed 等后面。I didnt want to go there,but I had to.我不想去那里，但是我不得不去。3在某些形容词，如 glad,happy,pleased,delighted 等后面。Will you join in the game?你愿意加入这个游戏吗？Id be glad to.我很高兴加入。(四)常用的省略结构if ever 如果有过的话if busy 如果忙的话if anything 如果有什么不同if possible 如果可能的话if so 如果那样的话if not 如果不的话if necessary 如果必要的话(五)用 so 或 not 代替上文内容1
18、在 if 条件句中，常用 so/not 代替前面提到的句子。Get up early tomorrow.If not(If you dont get up early),you will miss the first bus.明天早起，如果不那样，你会错过第一班公共汽车。He may not be at home then.If so(If he is not at home),leave him a note.那时他可能不在家，如果那样，给他留个便条。2think,hope,suppose,believe,imagine,be afraid,expect,guess 等词后常用 not 代替
19、否定句，so 代替短语或从句。Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?你认为周末会下雨吗？I believe not/I believe so.我想不会/我想会的。四、祈使句1否定式和强调式Dont be so sure.不要这么肯定。(否定式)Do be careful!千万要小心！(强调式)2祈使句and陈述句If.主句祈使句or陈述句If.not.主句Work hard _ you will succeed.(If you work hard,you will succeed.)努力学习，你就会成功。Hurry up _ we wi
20、ll be late.(If you dont hurry up,we will be late.)快点儿，否则我们就迟到了。答案：2.and;or五、感叹句1What(a/an)形容词名词主语谓语！2How形容词a/an可数名词单数主语谓语！3How形容词/副词主语谓语！_ a clever boy he is！_ clever a boy he is!多聪明的男孩呀！_ beautiful flowers they are!多么美丽的花呀！_ sweet water it is!多么甜的水呀！_ high the mountain is!这山真高呀！答案：3.What;How;What;W
21、hat;How六、there be 句型(一)there be 句型的基本结构There be 结构是英语中陈述事物客观存在的常用句型，表示“有”，其确切含义是“存在”，there 作为引导词，本身没有意义，其基本结构为 There be名词(短语)地点。There is a great Italian deli across the street.街道对面有一家大的意大利熟食店。(二)there be 结构中的主谓一致1当动词 be 后所接的名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词时，be应该用单数；当其后所接的名词是可数名词的复数时，be 应该用复数。There is some apple juic
22、e in the bottle.瓶子里有一些苹果汁。There are some strangers in the street.大街上有一些陌生人。2如果 there be 后面是几个并列名词作主语时，动词 be 的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致。There is an ashtray and two bottles on the shelf.There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf.架子上有两个瓶子和一个烟灰缸。(三)there be 结构中的时态1There be 句型中动词 be 可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成
23、时。There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring.去年春天，山上有极美的野花。There will be a lecture given by Mr Smith tomorrow.明天将有史密斯先生做的讲座。2There be 句型可以和情态动词连用。He felt that there must be something wrong.他感到一定是出了错儿。(四)there be 结构的变体1There be 句型和 seem to,appear to,used to,be likely to,happen to等连用。The
24、re seems to be a storm tonight.今晚可能有一场暴雨。There happened to be a bus nearby.碰巧附近有辆公交车。2there be 结构中除可以用 be 外，还可以用其他动词。如：come,exist,follow,live,occur,remain,stand 等。Once upon a time there lived a king in that country.从前在那个国家有一个国王。(五)there be 结构的非谓语动词形式There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是 there to be 和 there being 两种形
25、式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。I expect there to be no argument about this.我期望关于这件事不要再有争吵了。(expect 与 to do 搭配)I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me.我做梦也没想到我会有好机会。(of 是介词，后用 v.-ing 形式)There being nothing else to do,we went home.因为没有其他事可做，我们就回家了。(there be 句型的独立主格结构).单句语法填空1It was only after he had rea
26、d the papersMr Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.2Its incrediblefast he can run.3exciting news it was that our class won the first prize in the English contest!We lived up to our teachers expectations in the end.4This is not my story,norit the whole story.My stor
27、y plays out differently.thathowWhatis5It was when we were returning homeI realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.6Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th centuryhis musical gift was fully recognized.7It was the culture,rather than the language,made it har
28、d for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.8In(come)the teacher and the class began.9The moment the bell rang,out(rush)the children.thatthatthatcamerushed10Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hoursthey reach a decision.11It was not until I came hereI realized this place was famo
29、us,for not only its beauty but also its weather.12by showing your sincerity can you win the confidence of your friends.13(sit)under the tree was a charming girl aged about seventeen or eighteen.didthatOnlySitting.单句改错1It was just then when I began to worry about my safety.2In a word,success is impor
30、tant,and so does failure,because its the mother of success.3My dear friends,dont afraid of problems,but take advantage of them to be the best of ourselves.4When we heard the exciting news,there was silence all over the hall at first.Then come voices of shouting.when 改为 thatdoes 改为 isdont 后加 become 改
31、为 came5Hard although he tried,he was unable to make much progress.6It was him who showed me how to smile through the rough times.7At home,there has a CD player in my room,and the music is on all the time.8From my experience,Ive learned a lesson that it is struggle which leads us to success.although
32、改为 as 或 thoughhim 改为 hehas 改为 iswhich 改为 that9Please remember,you,dear diary,is my only souvenir from my past life and my best friend.10It was not until he returned home when his wife felt relief.is 改为 arewhen 改为 that.语篇填空Our school library,along with many other buildings,is very different from othe
33、r schools.There _1_(be)two computer rooms,three art rooms,a meeting room and a reading room in the library building.The number of the books _2_(be)large.It was 2,000,000 dollars _3_ all the books cost our school.It is such a large amount of money _4_ an average family cant afford it,right?But in my
34、view,it is worth it because in the era of knowledge explosion,many students have a thirst for knowledge.Our library is also a multifunctional building.There are 500 computers in it.Many a student _5_(surf)the Internet at weekends here and now you can see that my classmates,Mike and John,are surfing
35、the Internet._6_ happy they are!Look!A professor and writer _7_(be)delivering a speech in the meeting room.Every time there is a wonderful speech,the audience always _8_(cheer)up.What lovely children they are!Enter our art room _9_ you will find a teacher with his students is painting in the room.On
36、 the wall _10_(be)about 500 pictures,which attract many students.1 2.3.4.5.6.7.8 9.10.areisthatthatsurfsHowischeer/cheersandare.短文改错It was in a hot summer holiday which I visited Qingdao,port city in Shandong Province.My favourite sport is swimming,so I decide to go swimming in the sea one afternoon
37、 with my friend,Wang Fei and Li Lei.It was the first time that I had swum in the sea,with waves come one after another to the shore and making great noises.Facing the rough sea,I felt a bit worrying and nearly gave up at first.And when I saw many people enjoying myself in the water,my fear was reducing.At last I joined in the swimmers.Now I still remember how wonderful I was swimming in the sea.答案