1、课时分层作业(十五).阅读理解AHave you ever listened to the sound of a raindrop？You might call the small sounds earth songs.Is it possible to catch earth songs，or to put them into words?Long ago，poets in Japan listened，watched，and did catch the beauty of the earths songs.They did this with the tiniest poems in th
2、e world，called haiku.A haiku is a poem that is just three lines and seventeen syllables long.And the poets who wrote them watched and listened，not only with their eyes and ears，but also with their hearts!In their haiku，the early Japanese poets caught the colors，sounds，and beauties of the seasons of
3、the year.They sang of their islands beauties.Their miniature poems were not meant to fully describe a scene or to explain it but rather were a flash impression.The old poets are not the only writers of haiku.Today Japanese farmers，shopkeepers，grandparents，and students write it，and because of its str
4、ong appeal，haiku is written in many other countries throughout the world.Interestingly enough，Japanese poetry has had a long and colorful history.In the prehaiku period in the early eighth century，Japanese poets wrote katauta，poems in a questionandanswer form，using two people.Each threeline verse(诗节
5、)contained about seventeen syllables that could be delivered easily in one breathjust as one would naturally ask or answer a question.This has remained the basic pattern for traditional Japanese poetry throughout the centuries.Another form that appeared was the tanka，which contained five lines and t
6、hirtyone syllables(57577)，written by either one or two persons.From that evolved(发展)the renga，which contained more than one verse，or link.Written by three or more people，it could have as many as 100 links！The first verse of the renga introduced a subject.It had three lines and was called hokku，or st
7、arting verse.Renga parties became a great pleasure.Around 1450，haikai no renga became popular.This style of linked verse contained puns(双关)and was humorous and amusing.The opening three lines were still called a hokku，and from haikai and hokku the term haiku evolved.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了日本三行俳句诗的历史。1W
8、hat does the underlined word“miniature”in Paragraph 3 mean?AEasy.BLittle.CDetailed.DSelected.B词义猜测题。由第二段中的“the tiniest poems”和“A haiku is a poem that is just three lines and seventeen syllables long.”以及画线词后的“a flash impression”可知，haiku是一种微型诗。2We know from the text that katauta_Awas humorous and amus
9、ingBcontained thirtyone syllablesCcould have as many as 100 linksDwas written in a questionandanswer formD细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“Japanese poets wrote katauta，poems in a questionandanswer form”可知，katauta是一种问答形式的诗。3According to the text，what was the main activity at a renga party?ACreating a group poem.BChang
10、ing haiku into tanka.CStudying the history of renga.DCompeting to write earth songs.A推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“Written by three or more people.Renga parties became a great pleasure.”可知，renga聚会时，诗人们会创作组诗。4Information in this text would be of most value to readers who want to_Ateach how to write haikuBresearch t
11、he history of haikuCcompare Japanese and American poetryDfind suggestions about hosting a renga partyB推理判断题。文章主要介绍了日本三行俳句诗的历史，故对想要研究俳句诗历史的读者有重要价值。BNo poem should ever be discussed or analyzed，until it has been read aloud by someone，a teacher or a student.Better still，perhaps，is the practice of readi
12、ng it twice，once at the beginning of the discussion and once at the end，so the sound of the poem is the last thing one hears of it.All discussions of poetry are，in fact，preparations for reading it aloud，and the reading of the poem is，eventually，the most concrete interpretation(解释)of it，suggesting to
13、ne，rhymes，and meaning all at once.Hearing a poet read the work in his or her own voice，on records or on films，is obviously a special reward.But even those aids to teaching cannot replace the student and the teacher reading it or，best of all，reciting it.I have come to think，in fact，that time spent re
14、ading a poem aloud is much more important than analyzing it and exchanging of views，if there isnt time for both.I think one of our goals as teachers of English is to have students love poetry and take it easy when we are reading a poem.Poetry is a criticism of life，and a heightening(提升)of life.It is
15、 a most appropriate approach to the truth of feeling，and it can transform your life.It also deserves a place in the teaching of language and literature(文学)more central than it presently occupies.I am not saying that every English teacher must try out poetryteaching.Those who dont like it should not
16、be forced to convey that negative feeling to anyone else.But those who do teach poetry must keep in mind a few things about its essential nature，about its sound as well as its sense，and they must make room in the classroom for hearing poetry as well as thinking about it.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，诗歌是一种艺术形式，那么怎样
17、去鉴赏和学习诗歌呢？通读本文之后，你可能会有所收获。5To have a better understanding of a poem，one should_Adiscuss it with othersBanalyze it by oneselfCcopy it down in a notebookDpractise reading it aloudD细节理解题。根据文章第一段的内容特别是第一句话“No poem should ever be discussed or analyzed，until it has been read aloud by someone，a teacher or
18、a student.”可知选D。6According to the writer，one of the purposes of teaching English is to get students_Ato understand lifeBto enjoy poetryCto become teachersDto become poetsB细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句话“I think one of our.have students love poetry and take it easy when we are reading a poem.”可知选B。7What does the l
19、ast sentence in the third paragraph imply?AMore stress(强调)should be laid on the teaching of poetry.BPoetry is more important than any other literature genre.COne cannot enjoy life fully without a good understanding of poetry.DPoetry is the foundation of all language and literature courses.A句意理解题。第三段
20、主要讲述了要欣赏诗歌以及诗歌对生活的重大影响，因此在教学中应当重视诗歌教学。8The underlined phrase“make room”in the last paragraph could be best replaced by“_”Abuild a boothBprovide equipmentCleave a certain amount of timeDset aside enough spaceC词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句话“I have come to think.exchanging of views，if there isnt time for both.”及最后一段中
21、的“in the classroom for hearing poetry”可知选C。.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Could pursuing meaning be the path to true happiness？There are some differences between a happy life and a meaningful life and the two are closely related.When we aim for a life of meaningful pursuit，we are likely to feel more
22、 lasting happiness and life satisfactioneven if there is some sadness，or stress along the way.People find meaning in life through“three pillars(支柱)”of meaning.When we are understood and recognized by friends，family members，partners，colleagues，and even strangers，we feel we belong to a community.Resul
23、ts from some studies indicate that many people count their relationships as the most meaningful part of their lives，even when those relationships are difficult.When we have longterm goals in life that reflect our values and serve the greater good，we tend to give our activities more meaning.Researche
24、r Adam Grant has found that professions focused on helping othersteachers，surgeons，and therapistsall tend to be rated as more meaningful.Having purposes has also been tied to many positive outcomes，including more dedication to the jobs，increased learning and better health.When it comes to finding me
25、aning，storytelling helps to try to pull particularly relevant experiences in our lives into a story that defines our identity.People who describe their lives as meaningful tend to have stories where they overcame something negative，and to stress growth and help from others.Laura Kray and colleagues
26、found that peoples considering paths not taken in life and the consequences of those choices filled experiences with more meaning.Based on these factors，some practices could encourage meaning in your own life.For example，you may involve yourself in personal interactions and offer help to others when
27、 they need it to increase your sense of belonging.You may also want to redefine the tasks of your job to fit your motives，strengths，and enthusiasm.Or，if you feel stuck，you may want to spend time creating a storyline.By developing our relationships and serving others，we bring more meaning to our live
28、s._参考范文The goal to live meaningfully may give us a stronger feeling of wellbeing，compared with simply pursuing a life of pleasure.(要点1)Firstly，seeking a sense of belonging contributes to a meaningful life.(要点2)Moreover，setting a goal helps add meaning to our lives.(要点3) Also，storytelling enables us
29、to discover meaning.(要点4)In brief，practices based on these principles can make our lives more meaningful.(要点5)【导读】百年孤独内容复杂，人物众多，情节离奇，手法新颖。马尔克斯在书中融汇了南美洲特有的五彩缤纷的文化。他通过描写小镇马孔多的产生、兴盛到衰落、消亡，表现了拉丁美洲令人惊异的疯狂历史。让我们通过下面的节选了解一下。One Hundred Years of Solitude(Excerpt)Aureliano did not understand until then how m
30、uch he loved his friends, how much he missed them, and how much he would have given to be with them at that moment. He put the child in the basket that his mother had prepared for him, covered the face of the corpse with a blanket, and wandered aimlessly through the town, searching for an entrance t
31、hat went back to the past. He knocked at the door of the pharmacy, where he had not visited lately, and he found a carpenter shop. The old woman who opened the door with a lamp in her hand took pity on his delirium and insisted that, no, there had never been a pharmacy there, nor had she ever known
32、a woman with a thin neck and sleepy eyes named Mercedes. He wept, leaning his brow against the door of the wise Catalonians former bookstore, conscious that he was paying with his tardy sobs for a death that he had refused to weep for on time so as not to break the spell of love. He smashed his fist
33、s against the cement wall of The Golden Child, calling for Pilar Ternera, indifferent to the luminous orange disks that were crossing the sky and that so many times on holiday nights he had contemplated with childish fascination from the courtyard of the curlews. In the last open salon of the tumble
34、down redlight district an accordion group was playing the songs of Rafael Escalona, the bishops nephew, heir to the secrets of Francisco the Man. The bartender, who had a withered and somewhat crumpled arm because he had raised it against his mother, invited Aureliano to have a bottle of cane liquor
35、, and Aureliano then bought him one. The bartender spoke to him about the misfortune of his arm. Aureliano spoke to him about the misfortune of his heart, withered and somewhat crumpled for having been raised against his sister. They ended up weeping together and Aureliano felt for a moment that the
36、 pain was over. But when he was alone again in the last dawn of Macondo, he opened up his arms in the middle of the square, ready to wake up the whole world, and he shouted with all his might：“Friends are a bunch of bastards！？”Nigromanta rescued him from a pool of vomit and tears. She took him to he
37、r room, cleaned him up, made him drink a cup of broth. Thinking that it would console him, she took a piece of charcoal and erased the innumerable loves that he still owed her for, and she voluntarily brought up her own most solitary sadnesses so as not to leave him alone in his weeping. When he awo
38、ke, after a dull and brief sleep, Aureliano recovered the awareness of his headache. He opened his eyes and remembered the child.百年孤独(节选)直到此刻，奥雷连诺布恩蒂亚才感到自己多么热爱自己的朋友们，多么思念他们，为了在这一瞬间能和他们相处在一起，他是愿意付出任何代价的。他把婴儿安放在他的妈妈准备的摇篮里，又用被子蒙住死者的脸，然后就独自在空旷的小镇上踯躅，寻找通往昔日的小径。他先是敲那家药房的门。他已经好久没来这儿了，发现药房所在地变成了木器作坊，给他开门的是一
39、个老太婆，手里提着一盏灯。她深表同情地原谅他敲错了门，但执拗地肯定说，这儿不是药房，从来不曾有过药房，她有生以来从没见过一个名叫梅尔塞德斯的、脖子纤细、睡眼惺忪的女人。当他把额头靠在博学的加泰隆尼亚人昔日的书店门上时，禁不住啜泣起来，他懊悔自己当初不愿摆脱爱情的迷惑，没能及时为博学的加泰隆尼亚人的逝世哀悼，如今只能献上一串串悔恨的眼泪。他又挥动拳头猛击“金童”的水泥围墙，不住地呼唤着皮拉苔列娜。此时，他根本没有注意到天上掠过一长列闪闪发光的橙黄色小圆盘，而他过去曾在院子里怀着儿童的天真，不知多少次观看过这种小圆盘。在荒芜的妓院区里，在最后一个完好无损的沙龙里，几个拉手风琴的正在演奏弗兰西斯科人
40、的秘密继承者一个主教的侄女拉法埃尔埃斯卡洛娜的歌曲。沙龙主人的一只手臂枯萎了，仿佛被烧过了，原来有一次他竟敢举手揍他的母亲。他邀奥雷连诺布恩蒂亚共饮一瓶酒，奥雷连诺 布恩蒂亚也请他喝了一瓶。沙龙主人向他讲了讲他那只手臂遭到的不幸，奥雷连诺布恩蒂亚也向沙龙主人谈了谈他心灵的创伤，他的心也枯萎了，仿佛也被烧过了，因为他竟敢爱上了自己的姑姑。临了，他们两人都扑簌簌地掉下了眼泪，奥雷连诺布恩蒂亚感到自己的痛苦刹那间消失了。但他独自一人沐浴在马孔多历史上最后的晨曦中，站在广场中央的时候，禁不住张开手臂，像要唤醒整个世界似的，发自内心地高喊道：“所有的朋友原来全是些狗崽子！”最后，尼格罗曼塔把他从一汪泪水
41、和一堆呕出的东西中拖了出来。她把他带到自己的房间里，把他身上擦干净，又让他喝了一碗热汤。想到自己的关心能够安慰他，尼格罗曼塔便一笔勾销了他至今还没偿还她的多日情场之账，故意提起自己最忧愁、最痛苦的心事，免得奥雷连诺布恩蒂亚独自一人哭泣。翌日拂晓，在短暂地沉睡了一觉之后，奥雷连诺布恩蒂亚醒了过来，他首先感到的是可怕的头痛，然后睁开眼睛，想起了自己的孩子。知识积累1aimlessly adv.漫无目的地2take pity on 同情3conscious adj. 神志清醒的；意识到的4contemplate vi. 沉思5end up 以结束文化链接百年孤独创作背景外来文明以一种侵略的态度来吞噬这个家族，于是他们就在这样一个开放的文明世界中持续着“百年孤独”。作者表达着一种精神状态的孤独来批判外来者对拉美大陆的一种精神层面的侵略，以及西方文明对拉美的歧视与排斥。