1、2014江苏省南京市高考英语阅读理解巩固自练（9）及答案阅读理解 (2013天津市十二区县联考二，C)In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it le
2、ads to unfriendly relationship between people.I have taught many children who held the belief that their selfworth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often lifeanddeath affairs. In their singleminded pursuit of success, the developmen
3、t of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the_most_vocal are youngs
4、ters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesnt matte
5、r because I really didnt try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are
6、 based on the mistaken belief that ones selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章首先提出论点“现代社会关于竞争有很多争议”
7、，然后详细分析了不同人对竞争的不同看法。16What does this passage mainly talk about?ACompetition helps to set up selfrespect.BOpinions about competition are different among people.CCompetition is harmful to personal quality development.DFailures are necessary experiences in competition.答案：B主旨大意题。根据文章首句“In modern society
8、 there is a great deal of argument about competition.”可知，现代社会关于竞争有很多争议。下文内容围绕这一点详细分析了不同人对竞争的不同看法，因此这便是文章的中心论点。故B项正确。17Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?AIt builds up a sense of duty. BIt pushes society forward.CIt improves personal abilities. DIt encourages individual eff
9、orts.答案：B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.”可知，有人认为竞争是社会进步和繁荣的动力。故B项正确。18The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means _.Athose who try their best to winBthose who value competition most highlyCthose who are against
10、 competition most stronglyDthose who rely on others most for success答案：C词义猜测题。根据语境可知，有些人渴望成功，而有些人持相反的态度。在只注重赢家而不注意普通人的文化价值观下，他们强烈谴责竞争。其中最直言不讳的就是那些来自父母和社会的竞争压力下挣扎的年轻人。根据“Among”可知，画线词是指上文提到的那些强烈谴责竞争的人。故C项正确。19What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”？AOnes wo
11、rth lies in his performance compared with others.BOnes success in competition needs great efforts.COnes achievement is determined by his particular skills.DOnes success is based on how hard he has tried.答案：A细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第三、四句“Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try
12、to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.”可知，A项正确。20Which point of view may the author agree to?AEvery effort should be paid back.BCompetition should be encouraged.CWinning should be a lifeanddeath matt
13、er.DFear of failure should be removed in competition.答案：D推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.”不难看出作者的态度；只有消除竞争中的畏惧心理，我们才能发现竞争的意义。故D项正确。阅读理解解读Up to 45 rare species of Australian animals are in danger of be
14、coming extinct within 20 years, scientists warned in a report. But hope is not lost! According to the report, the species can be saved if immediate action is taken to control their natural predators (天敌) and other threats.The threatened animals can be found in the faraway Kimberley region of northwe
15、stern Australia. The region is similar in square miles to California. Thirty percent of the endangered species are unique to the region, while others have already disappeared in other parts of Australia.Dr. Tara Martin, a research scientist said in the report, “A large extinction event is happening
16、in Australia. The north has really been the last stronghold (主要栖息地) for many species of birds and mammals and reptiles. The Kimberley is really their last chance on earth.”Many of the species are under threat because they are hunted by wild cats. These cats kill around 500 000 native animals in the
17、Kimberley region every day. The species face another threat, too. Their native habitat is also being destroyed by wildfires and by wild donkeys and goats that compete for food and water. Humans introduced cats, donkeys and goats to Australia to be farm animals or pets. However, their populations hav
18、e exploded in the region because they have few natural predators.The report calls for $ 95 million to immediately start protection programs. The report also suggests reducing wild donkey and goat populations in the region, building fences, fighting wildfires and educating the community about how to
19、help the endangered species. Richard Hobbs, an ecologist at the University of Western Australia, says the costs are worthwhile because the measures will not be too difficult to carry out.文章大意：本文是一篇调查报告。在澳大利亚有多达45种稀有动物在接下来的二十年里将会灭绝。报告主要讲述了这些物种所面临的危险并提出了保护它们应该采取的一些措施。13Which of the following should be
20、 done to protect the rare species of Australian animals?AProviding new habitat for them.BSupplying more food and water to them.CGetting rid of the dangers to them.DLeading them to the north of Australia for a better life.答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中“the species can be saved. to control their natural predato
21、rs (天敌) and other treats”可知，我们人类应当立即帮助这些珍稀物种去除威胁它们生存的因素。故C项正确。14Paragraphs 23 mainly tell us _.Awhere the threatened animals can be foundBhow worrying the situation of the rare animals isCthe Kimberley is the home of many rare speciesDthe Kimberley is a safe place for animals to live15The article ma
22、y appear in a magazine on _.Aanimals BgeographyCchemistry Dhistory(2013沈阳市二模，B)A recent research shows that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at the age of 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly slee
23、p time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as interruptions in their daily routines.In general, these “short sleepers” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, and very sure about their career choices
24、. They often held several jobs at once, or worked fullor parttime while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their family, friends and so on.When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer
25、not remembering. In similar situation, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown
26、 by many mental patients.The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. The research shows that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally robbed of their desired 9 hours of nightly b
27、ed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers”文章大意：本文是一篇研究报告。报告中对“睡眠少”的人和“睡眠多”的人进行了对比分析，研究出了他们睡眠时间不同的原因，及其在梦境回忆、性格特点等方面的差异。1According to the report, _.Amany “short sleepers” needed less sleep before they were teenagersBmany “short sleepers” were forced to reduc
28、e their nightly sleep timeCmany “long sleepers” were quite concerned when they slept 9 hoursDmany “long sleepers” had kept their sleeping habits since childhood答案：D细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句“The research shows that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood.”可知，答案D符合文义。2Many “short sleepers” wer
29、e likely to hold the view that _.Asleep could make people appear active and cheerfulBsleep was the least important on their daily routinesCthey were acceptable to all their friends and familyDthey were less extreme than many mental patients答案：B推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“These men tended to view their nightly
30、 periods of unconsciousness as interruptions in their daily routines.”可推知，他们将睡眠看成日常生活的障碍，故答案B符合文义。3It can be concluded from the third paragraph that _.A“short sleepers” dealt with the psychological trouble themselvesB“short sleepers” were unwilling to face psychological problemsC“short sleepers” sho
31、rtened the sleeping time because of pressuresD“short sleepers” would rather remember than forget their dreams答案：B细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“In similar situation, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed.”可推知，答案B符合文义。4What is the purpose of writing this passa
32、ge?ATo introduce the result of a recent research.BTo advise people to sleep for a longer time.CTo show the disadvantages of short sleeping.DTo explain the advantages of long sleeping.答案：A写作意图题。根据文章第一段的开篇点题和对文章的整体理解可知，本文是一篇研究报告，写作的主要目的是：介绍研究的成果，故答案A符合文义。阅读理解解读Maps of the worlds population show that t
33、he majority of people today live near water. We live along coastlines, around bays, up the course of rivers and streams and on islands. We also vacation at the beach and find comfort fishing on a lake. Nothing makes small children happier than the chance of playing in water. More surprisingly, this
34、human favor for water makes evolutionary(进化的)sense. Sure, we need drinking water to live, but we have also benefited from whats swimming under the waves. Neuroscientist Crawford of the University of North London has proposed that our ancient ancestors attached to the sea, and that their devotion pai
35、d off by allowing the human species to develop large and complex brains. Crawford claims that when humans separated from apes(类人猿)and appeared in the forests of Africa, they stuck close to rivers and beaches and started catching fish, clams and crabs. That seafood was packed with omega3 fatty acids,
36、 essential fatty acids that promote brain cell growth. Its no coincidence, Crawford claims, that human brain growth began to increase rapidly once we left the woods and headed for the beach. Scientists have also discovered that people who eat fish regularly are less likely to suffer from depression
37、than those who eat less seafood. Biochemist Hibbelin of the National Institutes of Health has shown that across cultures there is a direct link between amount of fish eaten each week and rates of depression. More interestingly, Hibbelin and researcher Laura have found that fish is commonly used as a
38、 symbol of happiness and good health in various religions and cultures. We know that fish and the sea are good for us, and so we seek them out. We vacation on the coast and see the waves come and go, feeling happiness has taken over our brain. When we move inland, or go home from vacation, we lose t
39、ouch with our sea roots and feel unhappy. 文章大意：这是一篇说明文。喜欢水并寻找有水的地方是人类的天性。16To explain humans favor for water, the author _. Alists some examples Bcompares some facts Canalyzes some numbers Draises some questions 17Human beings have benefited a lot from seafood because _.Aseafood has enough water and
40、 is freshBfishes in the sea have large and complex brains Cour ancestors had nothing to eat but seafood Dit is abundant in fatty acids promoting brain cell growth 18According to Crawford, human brain developed fast when we _.Awent to the coast to spend our holidays Bleft the woods and headed for the
41、 beachCseparated from apes and appeared in the forests of Africa Ddiscovered seafood was packed with omega3 fatty acids 19Whats the main idea of Paragraph 6? AScientists help people overcome depression.BFish is a kind of symbol in some religions.CEating fish regularly may reduce our depression.DHapp
42、iness is linked with good health.答案：C主旨大意题。第六段的中心句是第一句“.Scientists have also discovered that people who eat fish regularly are less likely to suffer from depression”，其余句子都是围绕这个中心内容的。20What can we infer from the passage? AIts good to our health to swim under the waves. BHuman has the largest and most complex brains. CBeach is the best destination of vacation. DIts human nature to seek out bodies of water.