1、2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海 英语试卷考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第卷（第1-12页）和第卷（第13页），全卷共13页。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。第I卷 （共103分）I. Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversati
2、ons between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the be
3、st answer to the question you have heard.1. A. policewoman.B. A judge. C. A reporter. D. A waitress.2. A. Confident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Worried.3. A. At a restaurant.B. At a car rental agency. C. In a bank. D. In a driving school.4. A. A disaster. B. A new roof. C. A performance. D. A TV s
4、tation.5. A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane. C. Get some stationery. D. Clean the backyard.6. A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes. C. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.7. A. Use a computer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry course.C. Help him r
5、evise his report. D. Gel her computer repaired.8. A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Shocked. D. Sympathetic.9.A. She doesnt plan to continue studying next year.B. She has already told the man about her plan.C. She isnt planning to leave her university.D. She recently visited a different university.10.A.
6、 It spoke highly of the mayor.B. It misinterpreted the mayors speech.C. It made the mayors view clearer.D. It earned the mayors speech accurately.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be r
7、ead twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 70B. 20C. 25.D. 7512. A. The ho
8、uses there cant be B. It is a place for work and holiday. C. he cabins and facilities D. It is run by the residents themselves.13. A. A skiing B. A special community C. A splendid mountain D. A successful businesswomanQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Those who often sen
9、t text messages.B. Those who suffered from heart disease. C. Those who did no physical exercise. D. whose who were unmarried15. A. They responded more slowly than usual.B. They sent more messages. C. They typed 10 percent faster on average.D. They edited more passages.16. A. Why chemical therapy wor
10、ks. B. Why marriage helps fight cant C. How unmarried people survive D. How cancer is detected after marriage.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered bl
11、anks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Travelers Survey SheetTravel purpose: for a(n) 17 in London Comments on the airport environment / facilitie
12、s: Likes: 18 19 walkways Dislikes: 20 shops small trolleysBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.What is critical thinking in reading?Assessing the writers ideas and thinking about the 21 of what the writer is sa
13、ying.What is the first step in reading an academic text critically?Finding out the argument and the writers main line of 22 .What may serve as the evidence? 23 , survey results, examples, etc.What is the key to critical thinking?To read actively and 24 .II. Grammar and vocabulary Section ADirections
14、: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)My Stay in New YorkAfter gradua
15、tion from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)_I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) _ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local caf as a waiter. I believe that (27) _ _ _
16、I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) _ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite diffi
17、cult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) _ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) _my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six mont
18、hs but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) _ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) _I realize that a quiet town life was the best
19、for me.(B)The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shop Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the countrys first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can
20、buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week. Peter Fox, who is (33)_electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (34)_ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a bric
21、k front, a grey roof and a display window. Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35)_ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities. He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldnt find a manufact
22、ure who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36)_. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far (37)_ (appropriate) In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38)_ force village shops across the country to clo
23、se. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39)_ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores. Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new in
24、vention will offer a solution (40)_these villages without a local shop.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. alert B. classify C. commit D. delicately E. gentle F. imposeG.
25、 labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simplyLets say youve decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you dont have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food _41_ at the supermarket. Since you really_42_ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy,
26、 wouldnt it? This is where a choice architect can help_43_some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut b
27、utter goes on, and how the oranges are piled upis a choice architect.Governments dont have to_44_healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In ot
28、her words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with_45_hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governm
29、ents have introduced a so-called traffic light system to _46_foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains_47_by looking at the lights on the package. A green light _48_that the amounts of the three nutrients are heal
30、thy; yellow indicates that the customer should be_49_; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in _50_. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:
31、 For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the d
32、ay, not heated debates about films weve just watched or books weve just finished reading, but plain and simple _51_.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we _52_ do with it? We gossip. About others behaviour and private lives, such as whos doing what with whom, whos in and whos
33、 out-and why; how to deal with difficult _53_ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural _54_, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? Its
34、 not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really_55_issues.Dunbar _56_ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social developme
35、nt in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We dont spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues
36、Dunbar_57_, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the _58_ of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming-cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rel
37、y for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or_59_ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar _60_ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the great
38、er the _61_ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to _62_ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be _63_ to maintain
39、its effectiveness. Clearly, a more _64_ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one _65_
40、contact.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outl
41、ines D. broadens57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protecti
42、on62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. Thoughtful65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secretSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfin
43、ished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals cant talk, but can they lie in o
44、ther ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other an
45、imals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the hurt adult, leaving the baby birds
46、 safe in the nest. Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and
47、bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They dont make nests. Instead, they get into other birds nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them. Chimpanzees,
48、 or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winners hand and start fighting again. Chimps are sneaky in other ways,
49、 too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps dont hear them, and they dont need to share their food.As children, many of us l
50、earn the saying You cant fool Mother Nature. But maybe you cant trust her, either.66. A plover protects its young from a predator by_.A. getting closer to its young B. driving away the adult predatorC. leaving its young in another nest D. pretending to be injured67. By Chimpanzees, or chimps, can al
51、so be sneaky (paragraph 5), the author means_.A. chimps are ready to attack others B. chimps are sometimes dishonestC. chimps are jealous of the winners D. chimps can be selfish too68. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from other
52、s.B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winners hand.C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do animals lie? B. Does Mother Nature fool animals?C. Ho
53、w do animals learn to lie? D. How does honesty help animals survive?(B)Lets say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use.Heres how it works:A habit is a 3-step process. First, theres a cue, something that tells your brain t
54、o operate automatically. Then theres a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. Its what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own. Heres how to apply it:Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick. a reward-say, a piece of
55、 chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you wont need the chocolate at a
56、ll. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?70. Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?A. Pick a new cue. B. Form a new habit.C. Choose a new reward. D. Design a new resolution.71. According to THE HABIT LOOP, yo
57、u can stick to your plan most effectively by_.A. changing the routine B. trying it for a weekC. adjusting your goal D. writing it down72. Whats the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A. To test out different kinds of cues.B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.C. To work out the be
58、st New Years resolution.D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73. “This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour. What is the cue in this resolution?A. The Harry Potter poster.B. Readin
59、g 30 pages of an English novel.C. An English newspaper.D. Watching TV for half an hour. (C) If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual
60、 reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and
61、temporarily became a man. As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partners pants, she said. Thats the picture I remember best.The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other per
62、son, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another persons body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow al
63、ong. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another persons body.Using such technology promises to alter peoples behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual r
64、eality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who dont look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of peoples associations between, for instan
65、ce, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants bias scores were lower. The idea is that once youve put yourse
66、lf in anothers shoes youre less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms, says Arthur Po
67、inteau, a programmer with the project. Its a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone.74. The word swapping (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to_.A. building B. exchanging C. controlling D. transplanting75. We can infer from the experiment at
68、 the Be Another lab that_.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other peoples bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76. In the Implicit Association Test, be
69、fore the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, _.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them77. It can be concluded fro
70、m the passage that_.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantlySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer t
71、he questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax p
72、rofits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works. Money alone is not the answer when companies come u
73、nder attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation. So, companies often r
74、esponded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct（行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks. All
75、 this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a companys competitive advantage. That is ju
76、st the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of doing well by doing good has become popular. Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and youre your competitors?
77、 Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and
78、can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Both _ in some companies find
79、 it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.79. Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.80. With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_.81. According to the passage, good business (paragraph 6) means that corporati
80、ons _ while making profits.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。(accustomed)2. 将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。(be up to)3. 没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。(than)4. 家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。(for fear)5. 虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变
81、成购物狂。(turn)II. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 学校英语报正在酝酿改版，拟从现有的三个栏目（健康、娱乐、文化）中去除一个，并从三个备选栏目（时尚、职业规划、读者反馈）中挑选一个纳入该报。假设你是该校学生程飞，给校报编辑写一封电子邮件，表达你的观点。邮件须包括以下内容：1. 你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由；2. 你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由。上海 英语参考答案第I卷第
82、一大题第1至第10小题，每题1分；第11至第16小题，每题2分：第17至第24小题，每题1分。共30分。1. A 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.B11.C 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.B17. conference 18. daylight 19. moving 20. overcrowded21. implications and conclusions 22. reasoning 23. Figures 24. keep questioning第二大题每小题1分。共26分。25. where 26. To earn 27. as s
83、oon as / as long as 28. exhausted 29. if30. what 31. adapting 32. did 33. an 34. is equipped 35. which36. myself 37. more appropriate 38. has forced 39. urging 40. to41. G 42. C 43.1 44. F 45. E 46. B 47. K 48. J 49. A 50. H第三大题第51至65小题，每题1分；第“至”小题，每题2分；第78至81小题，每题2分。共47分。51. C 52. B 53. A 54. D 55.
84、 A 56. B 57. C 58. D 59. A 60. C61. D 62. D 63. B 64. B 65. C 66. D 67. B 68. A 69. A 70. C71.D 72.B 73.A 74.B 75.A 76.D 77.C78. shareholders and employees79. Companies talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments. / Companies create codes of conduct. / Companies devote themselve
85、s to more transparency in their operations. / Companies set common rules with their competitors to spread risks.80. create value81. take social responsibilities 第II卷I翻译共22分。1. Im accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep.2. Its up to you what kind of life you will lead in the future.3
86、. There is nothing more exciting than being allowed to take part in the space travel program.4. Parents ask their kids not to play by the river for fear that something terrible might happen.5. While modern society, rich in material resources, has given consumers more choices, it also turns many of them into crazy shoppers.II写作共25分。