1、第二部分 语法专题专题十 情态动词和虚拟语气1(2018北京卷)In todays information age,the loss of datacause serious problems for a company.can解析：句意：在当今这个信息时代，对于一个公司来说，数据的丢失会造成严重的后果。本题考查情态动词。根据句意可知，语境要体现的是一种客观的可能性，且cause为动词原形，因此用can符合语境。2(2018北京卷)They might have found a better hotel if they(drive)a few more kilometers.had drive
2、n解析：句意：如果他们再多行驶几千米，他们或许就会找到一个更好的宾馆了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中主句的谓语might have found可知本句为与过去事实相反的虚拟，因此if引导的从句中谓语动词形式应为had done，故填had driven。3(2018天津卷)I cant find my purse.I have left it in the supermarket yesterday,but Im not sure.could/might解析：句意：我找不到我的钱包了。我可能昨天把它落在超市了，但我不确定。本题考查情态动词。设空处表示对过去事情的推测，且根据题干中的“Im no
3、t sure”可推知此处表示不确定的推测，故用could/might表示“可能”。4(2018天津卷)If we(catch)the flight yesterday,we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.had caught解析：句意：如果昨天我们赶上那趟航班，我们现在就会正在沙滩上享受我们的假期了。本题考查虚拟语气。If从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，其谓语动词需用“had过去分词”形式。5(2018江苏卷)There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I(have)a
4、 second chance to become more involved.had解析：句意：这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活，我希望自己能再获得一次机会去更多地参与其中。考查虚拟语气。wish后面的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气，此处表达现在的一个愿望，谓语动词要用过去式，故填had。6(2017北京卷)Samuel,the tallest boy in our class,easily reach the books on the top shelf.can解析：句意：Samuel是我们班里最高的男孩，他可以轻松地够到书架顶层的书。考查情态动词。can意为“可以，能够”，表示能力，符合语境。7(
5、2017北京卷)If the new safety system(put)to use,the accident would never have happened.had been put解析：句意：如果新的安全系统被投入使用，这起事故就不会发生了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的主句谓语部分would never have happened可知语境是对过去发生的事进行虚拟，因此if引导的从句谓语部分应为had done。再结合语境，可知用被动语态。8(2017天津卷)My room is a mess,but I clean it before I go out tonight.I can
6、do it in the morning.neednt解析：句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚外出之前我不必打扫它，我可以早晨打扫。设空处表示不必，所以用neednt。9(2017天津卷)Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes.Otherwise,I(be)able to reach her yesterday.wouldnt have been解析：句意：你有Betty的电话号码吗？有，否则，昨天我就不能联系到她了。设空处是对过去发生的事进行虚拟，应该用would have done结构，此处要用否定形式。10(2017江苏卷)(be)it not for the
7、 support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty.Were解析：句意：没有老师们的支持，这个学生不可能克服她的困难。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的the student could not overcome可知，语境是对现在事实的虚拟，be动词在虚拟语气中通常用were。当虚拟语气中if引导的条件句省略了if时，从句部分应部分倒装。11(2016天津卷)It was really annoying;I get access to the data bank you had recommended.cou
8、ldnt解析：句意：真令人恼火。我不能进入你推荐的数据库。根据It was really annoying可知应用couldnt。12(2016北京卷)Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week?If you(tell)me,I could have helped.had told解析：句意：你上周为什么不告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我，我本可以帮你的。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的could have helped和last week可知设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为had told。13(2016北京卷)I love
9、the weekend,because I get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.neednt解析：句意：我爱周末，因为我不必在周六和周日早起。neednt表示不必。14(2016天津卷)I was wearing a seat belt.If I hadnt been wearing one,I would(injure)have been injured解析：句意：我那时系着安全带呢。如果我没系安全带的话，我可能就受伤了。根据句意可知设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为wouldhave done。主语I与injure为被动关系，故需用被
10、动语态，故答案为have been injured。15(2016江苏卷)If it(be)for his invitation the other day,I should not be here now.had not been/hadnt been解析：句意：如果不是因为那天他的邀请，我现在是不会在这里的。根据句意可知，本句为错综条件句。主句和现在的事实相反，从句和过去的事实相反，故从句谓语动词为过去完成时。一、情态动词考点一：情态动词的基本用法1can/could 的用法(1)表示“能力”。The man can/could speak two foreign languages.那个
11、人能说两门外语。(2)表示推测，一般用于疑问句和否定句。_ the news be true?这个消息可能是真实的吗？It _ be true.它不可能是真实的。(3)表示可能性。用于肯定句，常译为“往往会，常常会，有时候可能会”。Accidents can/could happen on rainy days.车祸常会发生在雨天。(4)表示请示、允许。Could/Can I borrow your reference books?我可以借你的参考书吗？(5)表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度，多用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句。How _ he be so careless!他怎么能这么粗心！(6)ca
12、nnot.too/enough 表示“无论也不过分”“越越好”。You _ be too careful while driving.开车时越小心越好。点拨 句中出现 sometimes 或 at times 时，通常用 can 表示推测，意为“可能会”。2may/might 的用法(1)表示许可。You may use my bike.你可以用我的自行车。(2)表示推测，意为“可能”。may not 表示一种不太确定的语气，意为“可能不”。Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy;they _ just be
13、 quiet people.言语不多的人未必就是害羞，他们或许就是安静的人。(3)may 表示请求时，其否定式常用 mustnt 表示“禁止”。(4)表示祝愿。_ you succeed!祝你成功！(5)“may/might as well动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”。If you think the price of beef is too high,you might as well buy some pork.It depends on you.如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。3must(1)表示义务，意为“必须”(主观意志)。We _ do everything
14、step by step.我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。点拨回答以 must 开头的问句时，若是否定回答，需要用neednt 或 dont have to。Must we hand in our exercises today?我们今天必须交练习吗？Yes,you _./No,you _/you dont have to.是的，必须交。/不，不必今天交。(2)表示推测，意为“一定，必定”，表达十分肯定的语气，只能用于肯定句中。He _ be ill.He looks so pale.他准是病了。他脸色苍白。(3)表示禁止(用于否定句)。Smoking _ not be allowed in th
15、e office.严禁在办公室吸烟。(4)表示“非得”“偏要”。_ you make so much noise?你非得弄出这么大噪声吗？4shall 和 should 的用法(1)shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等，此外，颁布法律、法规时也用 shall。You _ have a new bike for your birthday.你会得到一辆新自行车作为生日礼物。The new law _ come into effect next month.新法将于下个月生效。用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。_ I get
16、 you some tea?我给你弄一些茶好吗？(2)should表示义务，常译为“应该”，用于各种人称。Parents _ take care of their babies.父母应该照顾好他们的孩子。表示惊讶、意外等，常译为“竟然，居然”。I am surprised that you _ speak ill of me.我很惊讶，你竟然说我坏话。5will 和 would 的用法(1)表示意愿，用于各种人称的陈述句中。would 常指过去的意愿。If you will read the book,Ill give it to you.如果你想读这本书，我可以给你。(2)表示请求，用于疑问
17、句。would 语气较委婉。_ you close the window?你关上窗户好吗？(3)表示某种倾向或习惯性动作，常译为“总是，惯于”。would 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，后面接表示动作的动词，不能接表示状态的词。Every morning he _ have a walk along the river.每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。点拨 used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，强调现在已不存在。He _ sit in the park which used to be a factory reading for hours.他过去常坐在这个曾经是一个工厂的公园里读书，
18、一读就是几小时。6need 和 dare 的用法need 和 dare 既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。You _ telephone him now.你现在不必打电话给他。She dare not go out alone at night.她晚上不敢一个人出去。考点二：情态动词表示推测或判断的用法The book _ have been stolen by Mary.这本书肯定是玛丽偷的。Mary _ have stolen your book for she was ill in hospital.玛丽不可能偷你的书，因为她生病住院了。考点三：
19、情态动词have done表示虚拟的用法should have done 本应该做而没做shouldnt have done 本不应该做而做了ought to have done 本应该做而没做oughtnt to have done 本不应该做而做了neednt have done 本不必做而做了would have done 本来想做而没做wouldnt have done 本不愿意做而做了，如：You should have finished your homework today.你本应该今天完成作业的。(没有完成)You _ have watered the flowers beca
20、use it would rain soon.你本不必浇花的，因为很快会下雨的。(已经浇了)I would have helped you but I was busy at that time.我本来想帮你可是当时很忙。(没有帮忙)neednt答案：考点一：1.(2)Can;cant(5)can(6)cant2(2)may(4)May3(1)must;must;neednt(2)must(3)must(4)Must4(1)shall;shall;Shall(2)should;should5(2)Will(3)will;would 6.neednt考点二：must;cant 考点三：needn
21、t二、虚拟语气1非真实条件句中虚拟语气的用法If I _(be)you,I would go with him.如果我是你，我就和他一起去。If you _(study)harder last term,you could have passed the exam.如果上学期你学习更努力的话，你考试就会及格了。If it _(snow)tomorrow,we would take photos.如果明天下雪，我们就照相。点拨 条件句中有 were,had,should 时，如果省略 if，则需把were,had,should 放在主语前，构成倒装结构。如：If you had come ear
22、lier,you would have caught the bus._ you come earlier,you would have caught the bus.如果你来得早些，你就会赶上公共汽车了。If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing._ it rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去爬山了。2错综时间虚拟条件句If I were you,I wouldnt have taken his stupid advice.如果我是你的话，我才不会听他的馊主意。3
23、含蓄虚拟语气有时，假设的情况并不用条件从句表达，而是由 otherwise,but,or,without,but for 等来引导。But for air and water,there would be no life on the earth.要是没有空气和水，地球上就没有生命。4某些从句中虚拟语气的用法(1)表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等含义的词后的从句中用虚拟语气，形式：(should)动词原形。常用的动词有：一主张：insist二命令：order，command三建议：suggest，advise，recommend四要求：request，require，ask，demand外加一个敦
24、促：urgeThe school recommends parents(should)not permit their children to swim in rivers.学校建议父母别让他们的孩子在河里游泳。Their desire was that a treaty _(sign)at once.他们的要求是马上签订条约。点拨当 suggest 作“暗示，表明”，insist 作“坚持认为，坚持说”讲时，从句要用陈述语气。Janes pale face suggested that she _(be)ill,and we suggested that she _(have)a medic
25、al examination.简苍白的脸色表明她生病了，我们建议她做一下医学检查。He insisted(that)he _(hear)someone in the next room.他坚持说他听到隔壁屋里有人。(2)wish 后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气。对现在情况的虚拟：wish主语动词过去式be用were对过去情况的虚拟：wish主语had过去分词对将来情况的虚拟：wish主语would/could动词原形I wish(that)I _(be)a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。How I wish I _(li
26、sten)to my parents advice!我多么希望听了父母的建议！I wish I could fly to the moon some day.如果有一天我能飞到月球上就好了。(3)在“It is necessary/important/strange/natural/essentialthat 从句”中，谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should 可以省略。It is necessary that students(should)respect teachers.学生应该尊重老师，这是必须的。(4)would rather 后跟从句时用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿
27、”。George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but Id rather he _(focus)more on its culture.乔治打算谈论他国家的地理，而我宁愿他更多地关注他国家的文化。(5)在“It is(about/high)timethat 从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should动词原形(其中 should 不能省略)”。此句型意为“(现在)该”，用来表示建议。It is time that you _(go)to school.你该去上学了。It is(high)time that we sho
28、uld start out.我们(早)该出发了。(6)if only 引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。Look at the trouble were in.If only we _(take)our teachers advice!瞧瞧我们所处的困境，要是我们采纳了老师的建议就好了！(7)在 as if 从句中，看语境是否与事实相反来选择是否使用虚拟语气。It looks as if its going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。She talked about it again and again as if she would never end.她反复谈这件事，就好像永远也
29、没完似的。答案：1.were;had studied;snowed/should snow/were to snow;Were;Had;Should4(1)(should)be signed;was；(should)have;heard(2)were;had listened(4)focused(5)went/should go(6)had taken.单句语法填空1She would be much healthier now(have)she not burdened herself with that much pressure from work when young.2I have
30、worried before I came to the new school,for my classmates here are very friendly to me.3he caught the morning train,he would not have been late for the meeting.4You feel all the training a waste of time,but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.hadneedntHadmay/might5You be car
31、eful with the camera.It costs!6I thank you too much because without your help I wouldnt have won the first prize.7You be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.8Youd better not ride the bicycle on snowy days;you fall.9Liza well not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.10I still re
32、member my happy childhood when my mother would take me to Disneyland at weekends.mustcantmustmightmay/might11The door open,no matter how hard she pushed.12Since nobody gave him any help,he have done the research on his own.13No onebe more generous;he has a heart of gold.14The nationwide smog serves
33、as a constant reminder,indicating that its high time we(reflect)on ourselves.15If we(book)a VIP room earlier,we wouldnt be bearing the noise here in the hall.wouldntmustcould/canreflected/should reflecthad booked.单句改错1The manager suggested have a meeting every Monday on how to improve the quality of
34、 their products.2We must found ways to protect the environment.If we fail to do so,well live to regret it.3We can lie on the grass for a rest,or sat by the lake listening to music.4Look at the trouble I am in!If only I followed your advice.have改为havingound改为findsat改为sitfollowed前加had5The order came t
35、hat the medicine supplies was sent to the south for the victims of the earthquake soon.6If I was 10 years younger,I would start all over again.7If we had enough rain last year,we could have gained a good harvest.8Was I to be a teacher in the future,first of all,I would try my best to give students l
36、essons.9With your help,I would not have the chance to go to school.10The chairman demanded that people present made every effort to protect the polar bear against dying out.was改为bewas改为werehad前加hadWas改为WereWith改为Withoutmade改为make.语篇填空Tom and Peter are twins.They look as if they _1_(be)the same perso
37、n.Both the two boys are smart,but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy.Tom always wins the first place in the exams while Peter doesnt.However,people believe if Peter _2_(work)as hard as Tom,he would do as well as his brother in his study.At home,their parents suggest that they _3_(finish)their h
38、omework before playing computer games.But Peter insists that it _4_(be)OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time.Their mother gives in in the end.One day,when doing his homework,Tom found he made a serious mistake.So he put his exercise book aside and used another one.Whe
39、n Peter found the previous exercise book,he struck out Toms name and signed his name on its cover happily,and handed it in as his own homework the next day.When the teacher told the truth to the twins mother,she was very angry and shouted at Peter,“How I wish you _5_(be)as diligent as your brother!N
40、ow its time that I _6_(give)you a good lesson.And you _7_ play any computer games for a month！”“Oh,no!Mom._8_ a computer for such a long time,I would die.I would rather you _9_(ask)me to do the dishes for a month alone.”Peter was upset.“If you _10_(finish)your homework on time yesterday,you wouldnt
41、be punished now，”said the mother.1 2.3.4.5.6 7.8.9.10wereworked(should)finishisweregave/should givemustntWithoutaskedhad finished.短文改错One day when I was on my way to home from school.I found a building on fire.Immediately I called the firefighters.Several minutes late,the firefighters arrived and tr
42、ied their best to control the fire.With the help of the firefighters,a lot of peoples left the building safely.Sudden a foreign woman came in a hurry to tell the firefighters everything.But they cant understand what she said.I went to the woman and asked her that was happening.She told me that his d
43、aughter was still in the building.I told the firefighters about it at once,but they immediately ran into the building and rescued little girl.答案One day when I was on my way to home from school.I found a building on fire.Immediately I called the firefighters.Several minutes latelater，the firefighters
44、 arrived and tried their best to control the fire.With the help of the firefighters,a lot of peoplespeople left the building safely.SuddenSuddenly a foreign woman came in a hurry to tell the firefighters everythingsomething.But they cantcouldnt understand what she said.I went to the woman and asked her thatwhat was happening.She told me that hisherdaughter was still in the building.I told the firefighters about it at once,butand they immediately ran into the building and rescued the little girl.