1、Unit 1 Living WellPeriod 4 Grammar 教案ITeaching aims: 1.Learn the infinitives forms and tenses 2.Anylize its parts used in a sentence. 3.Do some exercisesII. ProceduresStep1. Show a picture and a sentence:Do you believe I can fly like a bird?由此产生句子： To see is to believe. Its impossible for humans to
2、fly like a bird now.Step2. 叙述概念及结构不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由 “ to+动词原形” 构成,没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语.但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。一. 结构 : to do;(否定) not to do 二. 时态与语态形式一、不定式所作成分1. 作主语2. 作宾语3. 作宾语补足语4. 作定语5. 作状语6. 作表语7. 作独立成分8. 与疑问词等连用分述：(1).不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语. To see is to believe. Its im
3、possible for humans to fly like a bird now.(2).不定式作表语 My job is to protect the world. Your task is to_ .(3) 不定式作宾语 He likes to_. I found it still necessary to _ if he want to win.think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope, refuse, learn, set out choose, decide, agree, manage, pretend
4、, plan. (4). 不定式作宾补The teacher told me to_.I expect you to_.warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等五看watch;see;look at; observe;notice; 一感: feel三使: let; make; have二听: listen to ; hearI made him do his work.- He was made to do his work (by me).不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不
5、带to,相反则带to.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.(5).不定式作定语I have something to say.But my brother has a lot of homework _.So I am looking for someone _.1. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 He is looking for a
6、 room to live in.2. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live.3. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to send的动作执行者是you）2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式to be sent的动作执行者
7、是已被省略的me或someone else）(6) 不定式作状语in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too.to.,I got up early to_. I came here to_.(7).独立结构To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth(8). 与疑问词等连用He didnt know_.不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语
8、、表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.(宾语) How to solve the problem is very important.(主语) My question is when to start. (表语)注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Why not have a rest?(9) 固定句型:1. had better/had best + (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事2. Why (not) do sth.?3. prefer to do/prefer doing4.
9、prefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing B5. prefer + to do A rather than (to) do B6. would rather (not) do sth.7. would rather do A than (do) B8. would rather + 句子（过去式）（虚拟语气） 要做(10) 不定式的省略(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词. e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? Id like to .(2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省略. e.g.: Would
10、you like to be a teacher? Id like to be.二、不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构多由： “not +不定式”构成， 否定副词not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于to前。Ex. 请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍.Please tell your child not to play in the street.她检查名字为了不犯错误.She checked the names so as not to make mistakes.三、不定式的时态：（1）一般时表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。
11、Ex. He seems to know this.他似乎知道这事。I hope to see you again. 我希望再见到你。（2）完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。Ex. Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.(3) 一般进行时表示的动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。Ex.他好象正在吃什么东西。He seems to be eating something.（4）完成进行时表示的动作从过去开始并延续至说话的时候。据说她研究这问题有好多年了。She is said to have been w
12、orking on the problem for many years.Step3. Exercises1.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_ on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest2.Were planning _ a party next week.A. to have B. have C. having D. had 3. -Which do you prefer _ your weekends, fi
13、shing or watching TV?- Neither.A. Spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend4.Did you find out _ the pie out of the oven?A. When to take B. to take C. have taken D. being taken5._ get a complete picture, further information is needed.A. In order that B. In order to C. Being D. To have 6. It s nece
14、ssary _ some English grammar. A. for students to learn B. for students learning C. of students to learn D. of students learning7. I ought to _ him the news, but I forgot to do so.A. remember to tell B. remember tellingC. have remembered to tell D. have remembered telling8. I _ you the exciting news,
15、 but you were not at home.A. Meant telling B. meant to tellingC. Meant to having told D. meant to tell9. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying10. The purpose of new technologies is to make life ea
16、sier, _ it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make B. C. not making D. dont make11. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects12. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they wil
17、l enjoy it.A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see13. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A. it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it14. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was
18、out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 15. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning16. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met17. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but hi
19、s mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to18. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating19. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone20. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having inventedStep4. Homework1. Revise the rules of infinitive. 2. Finish the exercises of “Discovering useful structures” on Page 5.