1、定语从句()和反意疑问句语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟Looking good is important to women，isnt it？Im taking weightloss pills called FatLess，which are quite popular among young women here.My mother，who you met last year，keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous.My mother insisted on sending me to the ho
2、spital，where I received good medical treatment.We shouldnt be ashamed of the way we look，should we？Its the same in Chinamany people，some of whom are not overweight at all，are always going on a diet.1.例句中的关系词在从句中作主语。2.例句中的关系词在从句中作宾语。3.例句中的关系词在从句中作地点状语。4.反意疑问有两种基本形式：例句属于前肯后否式，例句属于前否后肯式。一、非限制性定语从句1概述非限
3、制性定语从句与先行词的关系不密切，它的作用是用来提供附加的而非必要的信息，只是对先行词作进一步的解释、补充或说明，与先行词之间的关系较为松散，之间有逗号分隔。若去掉此定语从句，句子的主旨大意仍然明确，不会引起误解和太大的歧义。Mr.Li is the manager of our company，whom you saw at the meeting yesterday.李先生是我们公司的经理，昨天你在会上见过他。2关系词的作用先行词关系词作用人who主语人whom宾语物/整个主句which主语/宾语人/物whose(of whom/of which)定语人/物/整个主句as主语/宾语时间名词
4、when时间状语常为地点名词where地点状语Charles Smith，who was my former teacher，retired last year.(主语)查尔斯史密斯去年退休了，他曾是我的老师。Xiao Wang，whom they often talk about，is going to America next month.(宾语)他们经常谈到的那个小王下个月要去美国了。There are many high buildings along the river，where there used to stand rows of trees.(地点状语)沿河有很多的高楼，过去
5、那儿是成排的树。The earth goes around the sun，as we all know.(宾语)众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。名师点津(1)在非限制性定语从句中不能用that来代指人或物，而应当用who/whom指人，用which指物。指人和指物的关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时也不能省略。指人作宾语时通常用宾格whom，口语中也可用who。(2)非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，常用for which代替why。即时训练1用适当的关系词填空China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more an
6、d more people all over the world want to learn about China.The books on the desk，whose covers are shiny，are prizes for us.We then moved to Paris，where we lived for six years.3as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别as，which引导非限制性定语从句指代整个句子引导词aswhich位置可位于主句之前、之中或之后引导的从句不能位于主句之前意义正如这，那功能连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容引导的从句
7、在意义上相当于一个并列句As is announced in todays newspapers，we must improve our style of work.正如今天的报纸上说的，我们必须改进工作作风。(as引导非限制性定语从句，代指主句we must improve our style of work)Einstein，as we know，is a famous scientist.众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。(as引导非限制性定语从句，代指主句Einstein is a famous scientist)It rained hard yesterday，which pr
8、evented me from going to the park.昨天雨下得很大，这阻止了我去公园。(which引导非限制性定语从句，代指主句It rained hard yesterday)名师点津(1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，其后常接expect，know，report，say，see等动词的主动或被动语态句以及用于一些固定结构中。如：as was expected(不出所料)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)，as is often the case(这是常有的事)等。(2)as也可用在限制性定语从句中，先行词中常含有such，so或the same等
9、。Such books as I have read are English novels.我所读过的书都是英文小说。(as作宾语)即时训练2选词填空：as，whichThe number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children，which is quite unexpected.She has the same fair hair and blue eyes as her m
10、other has.4在“介词which/whom”之前可以使用表示数量或定位的数词、形容词最高级或代词。(1)常见的代词有all，none，both，neither，any，each，either等。He had two sons，both of whom were killed in the war.他有两个儿子，他们都在战争中死去。(2)常见的表示数量的词有a few，several，many，a lot，a large number，a great many，a great deal，a large quantity等。They asked me a lot of questions，
11、many of which I couldnt answer.他们问了我很多问题，其中有许多我不会回答。(3)the形容词的最高级/last/序数词ofwhich/whomIn his office there are nine clerks，the youngest of whom is Mr Liu.在他的办公室有9个职员，其中最年轻的是刘先生。即时训练3句型转换John invited about 40 people to his wedding.Most of them are family members.John invited about 40 people to his wed
12、ding，most of whom are family members.He has three sons.Two of them are doctors.He has three sons，two of whom are doctors.Amy eats lots of fruit and vegetables.All of the fruit and vegetables are good for her health.Amy eats lots of fruit and vegetables，all of which are good for her health.5限制性定语从句与非
13、限制性定语从句的区别类型限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句限制程度不可或缺，去掉后主句意思不明确补充说明主句，去掉后不影响主句意义的完整句子结构前面没有逗号有逗号与先行词分开先行词先行词一般为单个的名词或代词先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个句子或其中一部分引导词可用所有的关系代词/副词引导，且关系词作宾语时可省略在所有的关系词中不能用that或why引导非限制性定语从句，且引导词不能省略翻译方式译成前置定语译成并列句Ill never forget the day when I first met you.我将永远不会忘记我第一次遇到你的那一天。(when引导限制性定语从句)They wi
14、ll set off for London next year，when they will have enough money.他们打算明年去伦敦，届时钱也凑够了。(when引导非限制性定语从句)即时训练4完成句子他住在北京，从这里到那儿有5个小时的车程。He lives in Beijing，which is about five hours ride from here.他们居住的城市正在发生巨大变化。Great changes are taking place in the city(which/that)they live in/Great changes are taking pl
15、ace in the city where/in which they live二、反意疑问句1概述反意疑问句就是对陈述句所叙述的事情提出相反疑问的问句。主要表示以礼貌或委婉的语气提出要求、询问或确认信息等。读时前半部分用降调，后半部分用升调。2基本构成形式反意疑问句的前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句。两部分的人称和时态应保持一致。陈述部分为肯定句时，疑问句用否定式，反之亦然。We can still be friends，cant we?我们仍然是朋友，不是吗？He doesnt like ice cream，does he?他不喜欢冰淇淋，是吗？即时训练5完成下列反意疑问句
16、His father cant name the plant，can he?Mary likes playing basketball in her spare time，doesnt she?This will not be mentioned at the meeting，will it?3具体用法(1)陈述句中的主语是名词或代词时，疑问句中用相应的代词来代替此主语或用与主语一致的代词。Your parents had a long talk with you last night，didnt they?昨晚你父母与你进行了一次长谈，不是吗？当陈述句中主语是someone，somebody
17、，anybody，anyone，everybody，everyone，nobody，no one等不定代词时，疑问句中的代词用they或者he。Everyone has advised you not to go on a diet，havent they?大家都劝你不要节食，不是吗？当陈述句中主语是this，that，something，everything，nothing，anything，不定式，动名词或从句时，疑问句中的代词用it。Everything has gone wrong，hasnt it?每件事都出差错了，不是吗？Shopping isnt what you want to
18、 do，is it?购物不是你想要做的事，是吗？即时训练6完成下列反意疑问句这是一块漂亮的手表，不是吗？This is a lovely watch，isnt it?掌握英语不是很容易，是吗？To master English is not easy，is it?一些植物从来不开花，对吗？Some plants never blow，do they?(2)陈述句含有情态动词时，疑问句一般用“情态动词代词”的形式。情态动词must用法如下：作“禁止”讲时，用must。作“必须”讲时，用mustnt/neednt。作“肯定”讲表推测时，根据动作发生的时间及状态，选用不同的时态。Students m
19、ustnt be late，must they?学生们不许迟到，是吗？He must be in his room now，isnt he?他现在一定在房间里，不是吗？You must have got the letter when you were in the office，didnt you?当你在办公室时肯定收到了那封信，不是吗？即时训练7完成下列反意疑问句我们不需要今天完成，是吗？We neednt finish it today，need/must we?他们肯定已经回来了，不是吗？They must have come back，havent they?他一定在帮助那位老人浇花
20、，不是吗？He must be helping the old man to water the flowers，isnt he?(3)陈述句中用了表示否定或半否定词时，疑问句用肯定形式。如neither，none，nobody，nothing，few，little，never，hardly，seldom等。但陈述句含有否定意义的前缀或后缀的谓语动词时，不影响疑问句的形式。Neither of you will have coffee，will you?你们两个人都不喝咖啡，不是吗？She seldom argues with others，does she?她很少与别人争吵，不是吗？They
21、 are hopeless，arent they?他们没有希望了，不是吗？即时训练8完成下列反意疑问句No one has found my CD，have they?Its unfair，isnt it?You and I could hardly work together，could we?(4)肯定的祈使句，其后的疑问句可用will you或wont you，否定的祈使句，其后的疑问句用will you。以lets开头的祈使句，后面的疑问句用shall we。Listen to me carefully，will/wont you?仔细听我说，好吗？Dont play with fir
22、e，will you?不要玩火，好吗？Lets go home，shall we?我们回家吧，好吗？即时训练9完成下列反意疑问句Dont open the door，will you?Lets go and have a rest，shall we?Come early next time，will/wont you?(5)陈述部分为主从复合句，疑问部分一般与主句的谓语一致，但当主句主语是第一人称，并且谓语部分为think，believe，imagine，suppose等时，疑问部分一般与从句的谓语一致。They told me it was not true，didnt they?他们告诉我
23、这不是真的，是吗？I believe he can make it，cant he?我相信他能获得成功，是吗？(6)当陈述部分是there be句型时，疑问部分用there。There was nothing in the room，was there?房间里什么也没有，是吗？即时训练10完成下列反意疑问句I dont think he will come，will he?He knows where I live，doesnt he?There used to be a high tower here，usednt there/didnt there?4对反意疑问句的回答在回答这类问句时，不
24、管其陈述部分是肯定的还是否定的，事实是肯定的，回答用“yes肯定的简略句”；事实是否定的，回答用“no否定的简略句”，形式要一致。陈述部分是否定形式时，答语中的yes译成“不”，no译成“是”。He wants to go，doesnt he?他想去，不是吗？Yes，he does./No，he doesnt.是的，他想去。/不，他不想去。That isnt a useful book，is it?那不是一本有用的书，是吗？Yes，it is./No，it isnt.不，它是一本有用的书。/是的，它不是一本有用的书。即时训练11根据汉语提示完成下列反意疑问句There are many peo
25、ple in the room，arent there?Yes，there are(是的，有).No，there arent(不，没有).We havent been informed，have we?Yes，we have(不，我们接到通知了).No，we havent(对，还没有).单句语法填空1As is known to all，he is the best student.2Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.3Well put off the meeting till next week，when we wont be so b
26、usy.4Here are players from Japan，some of whom are our old friends.5We should read such books as will make us better and wiser.6He failed in the exam，which proved that he wasnt working hard enough.7He called another girl，who he believed was more suitable for the job.8She is going to spend the summer
27、holidays in Shanghai，where she has some friends.9He must be helping his mother in the kitchen，isnt he?10I dont suppose that the old man is serious，is he?.单句改错1The house，that we bought last month，is very nice.thatwhich2We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people，and most of whom are healthy.去掉
28、and或whomthem3As is known to all that the earth is round.AsIt4Theres little water in the glass，isnt there？isntis5We need to help them when they are in trouble，neednt we？needntdont6. We dont believe we were defeated，do we？dowere7He said that she didnt like it，didnt she？第二个shehe8He dislikes watching TV，does he？doesdoesnt9Im taking some weightloss pills，that are quite popular here.thatwhich10I have many friends，some of who are businessmen.whowhom