1、专题二情态动词和虚拟语气课前体验领悟完成句子1Its surprising that such a gentleman should_be_so_rude (竟然那么无礼) to the old.2Tom must have lost his way, for he hasnt arrived yet.No, he cant/couldnt_have_lost_his_way (一定没迷路). He has got a map with him.3When she was a little girl, she would_sit_by_the_window (常坐在窗旁) every even
2、ing, deep in thought.4After careful examination, Michels doctor insisted that he was badly wounded and that he should_be_operated_on (做手术) at once.5If the sun were to rise in the west, my love for you would_not_change (不会变)课堂考前讲练情态动词的基本用法1.can 和could的用法 (1)表示“能力，能够”。No one can be compared with Yao M
3、ing in playing basketball.Oh, you are really his big fan.(2011湖南高考)在打篮球方面，无人能与姚明相媲美。你真是姚明的铁杆粉丝。(2)表示“许可”，此时can可以和may换用。You can (may) go home now.你现在可以回家了。(3)表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。How could you do such a silly thing?你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？(4)cannot . too/enough表示“无论也不过分”；“越越好”。I cant thank you too much for all your
4、help to my son while we were away from home.(2012陕西高考)我们不在家时，你对我儿子的帮助，我怎样感谢你都不过分。2may和might的用法(1)may和might表示“许可”。May I take the book out?Im afraid not.(2010四川高考)我能将书带出去吗？恐怕不行。(3)“may/might as well动词原形”意为“最好；不妨”。If you think the price of beef is too high, you may as well buy some pork. It depends on
5、you.(2013江苏省苏中三市调研)如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。3must的用法(1)表示必要性，意为“必须”。Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you must, in case he comes late for the meeting.(2011福建高考)我现在通知他日程表的变动吗？恐怕你必须通知他，以免他开会迟到。(2)表示禁止(用于否定句)。The new law states that people mustnt drive after drinki
6、ng alcohol.(2012上海高考)新颁布的法律禁止人们酒后驾车。(3)表示“偏偏，偏要”。If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.(2011辽宁高考)如果你非要走的话，至少等到暴风雨结束。4need的用法(1)need作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。He neednt worry about us now.他现在不必为我们担心。(2)need也可作实义动词，用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带to的动词不定式作宾语。You need to practise reading aloud e
7、very day.你有必要每天都大声朗读。5shall和should的用法(1)shall的用法用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow, sir?I havent decided on the time.But I will call you.先生，我明天什么时候到你家接你呢？我还没有决定时间，但是我会给你打电话的。用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。Tell Jerry that he shall get a gift if h
8、e is nice.告诉杰瑞，如果他表现好的话，就会得到一份礼物。用于第三人称作主语的陈述句中，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定。The National Party congress shall be held every five years.国家党员代表大会每五年举行一次。(2)should的用法表示义务、职责等，意为“应该”。The children should be taken good care of.这些孩子应该受到好的照顾。表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等特殊情感。How should I know where youve left your bag?我怎么知道你把包丢
9、在哪里了？6will和would的用法(1)表示意志、意愿和决心，would用于过去的情况。Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime.Sure. I will.(2012四川高考)再见，约翰。欢迎再来。好的，我会的。Why didnt you come to Simons party last night?I wanted to, but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night.(2011重庆高考)你昨晚为什么没有参加Simon的聚会？我想去，但是妈妈不愿意让我自己在这么晚的时间出去。(2)w
10、ill可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。(3)would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we would often go to the cinema together.当几年前我们在同一家公司工作时，我们常常一起去电影院。1(2012全国卷)Im going to Europe on vacatio
11、n together with John if I _ find the money.AcanBmightCwould Dneed解析：考查情态动词。句意：如果我能找到钱，我就和John一起去欧洲度假。结合前后部分的内容可知，此处表示的是能力。故用can“能，会”。答案：A 2(2012辽宁高考)One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school. Amight BcouldCshall Dwill解析：考查情态动词。句意：我们的一条规则就是，每个学生在校期间都必须穿校服。shall用于第三人
12、称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示命令或规定，故选C。答案：C3(2012重庆高考)_ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry Sir, but its urgent.ACan BShouldCMust DWould解析：考查情态动词的用法。句意：“你偏要现在打扰我吗？难道你没有看到我正在打电话吗？”“对不起，先生，但是情况太紧急了。”must表示“偏要，硬要”，故选C项。答案：C4(2012江苏高考)Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _ sa
13、y where he was.Amustnt BshouldntCwouldnt Dmightnt解析：考查情态动词。句意：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切都好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。mustnt意为“禁止”；shouldnt意为“不应该”；wouldnt在此意为“不愿意”；mightnt意为“或许不”。答案：C情态动词表示“推测”1.(1)can表示推测时常用于否定句和疑问句，语气很强烈。Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？
14、(2)can用于肯定句中，常表示客观的可能性。It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。2may用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测，意为“可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。The traffic is heavy these days. I might arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place？(2009辽宁高考)这些天交通很繁
15、忙，我可能会来晚一点，请你帮我保留个位置好吗？Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they may just be quiet people.(2009安徽高考)言语不多的人未必就是害羞。他们或许就是安静的人。3must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句或否定句中要用can)。Its the office！So you must know eating is not allowed here.Oh, sorry.(2009湖南高考)这是办公室！所以你一定知道这
16、里不许吃东西。噢，对不起。4should 用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。There shouldnt be any difficulty passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.因为你在驾校训练了那么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。1(2012四川高考)I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao，” just as I _ do in China.Amust Bm
17、ightCcan Dshould 解析：考查情态动词。句意：我靠近他们，听见他们在讲汉语。我对他们说了声“你好！”，就像我在中国可能做的那样。might表示一种可能性。答案：B2(2012潍坊市模拟)Dont worry. Ive just sent an ambulance to you. They _ be there any second.Acould BmightCwould Dshould解析：考查情态动词。既然已经派去了救护车，那么他们“应该”随时会赶到。should在本句中表示预期“应该会，可能”。答案：D3(2011江西高考)It _be the postman at the
18、door.Its only six oclock.Amustnt BcantCwont Dneednt解析：考查情态动词。句意：门口不可能是邮递员，(现在)才六点钟。 对现在的否定推测，由Its only six oclock.分析可知应用cant“不可能”。mustnt“禁止”； wont“不会”； neednt“不必”，均不合句意。 答案：B“情态动词have done”的用法1.can/could have done表示“本来可以做，而实际上未做”或者“过去可能做过”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中cant have done多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“不可能做
19、过”。Happy birthday!Thank you! Its the best present I could have wished for.(2012江苏高考)生日快乐！谢谢！这是我原来希望能够得到的最好的礼物。Sorry, Cathy, I didnt know that you were badly short of money then. But you could have asked me for help.(2013甘肃高三联合测试)对不起，Cathy，我不知道你当时急需用钱，但是你本可以向我求助。2may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过
20、”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。此外might have done可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。Sorry, Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。3must have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定，想必”，语气十分肯定。Ye Shiwen was lucky to win two gold medals in London Olympic Games.She must have gone through
21、 tough training.真幸运，叶诗文在伦敦奥运会上获得两枚金牌。她肯定受过严格的训练。4should/ought to have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做；shouldnt/ought not to have done表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。I shouldnt have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams.(2010山东高考)我本不应该看那部电影它会令我做噩梦。5neednt have done表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。Mark neednt hav
22、e hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.(2010天津高考)马克本没必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车，结果早到了半个小时。1(2012江西高考)We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.Amay not BneedntCcant Dmustnt 解析：考查情态动词。句意：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭，那我们就没有必要买这么多食物。根据“now that Suzie wont be with us
23、 for dinner”可知选B，neednt have done表示“本没有必要做某事而实际上却做了”。答案：B2(2012北京高考)We_ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?Ashould face Bmight faceCcould have faced Dmust have faced解析：考查情态动词。句意：我们本可以共同面对困难，可你为什么不告诉我呢？后半句用的是一般过去时，由此可知前半句是对过去情况的推测，所以用“情态动词have done”形式。could have done表示过去本可以做某事，而实际上却没有
24、做，符合句意。答案：C3(2011江苏高考)I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone_it. Awill have stolen Bmight have stolenCshould have stolen Dmust have stolen解析：考查情态动词。从对话情景可知他们在谈论过去的可能性：有人可能把手提包偷走了，因此选择might have stolen。答案：B虚拟语
25、气在条件句中的应用1. 非真实条件句中虚拟语气的用法if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might动词原形表示过去情况had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词表示未来情况should动词原形should/would/could/might动词原形动词过去式were to动词原形(1)与现在事实相反We would go with you if we had time.如果我们有时间，就和你一起去。(2)与过去事实相反We would have called a tax
26、i yesterday if Harold hadnt offered us a ride home.(2012天津高考)如果昨天Harold没送我们回家，我们会打出租车回家的。(3)与将来事实相反If it should rain this afternoon, the basketball match would be put off.要是今天下午下雨，篮球比赛就延期举行。2错综时间条件句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。I actually believe that we would be
27、 in Xian now if you hadnt been caught drunk driving last month.(2012北京海淀二模)事实上，我认为如果上个月你没因酒驾被逮住的话，我们现在就在西安呢。点津如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should，有时可把if省略，将were/had/should提至主语之前，形成倒装句；否定形式的not不可提到主语前。Had you taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the examination.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。Should it rain tomorr
28、ow, we would have to cancel the football match.如果明天下雨，我们将不得不取消足球赛。3含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise，but, or, without, but for等来引导或者通过上下文引出。I would have come sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.(2011天津高考)我本该早一些到，但我不知道他们在等我。I couldnt have gone through that bitter period without you
29、r generous help.(2011陕西高考)假如当时没有您慷慨相助，我就不会度过那段艰难的时期。1(2012陕西高考)If my car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.Awas Bhad beenCshould be Dwould be解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我的车更可靠的话，我去年夏天会开车去拉萨而不是坐飞机去。此处是对过去事情的假设，故条件句用过去完成时，主句用should/could/mighthave done。答案：B2(2012安徽高考)Grace
30、 doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.Alives Bwould liveChas lived Dwere to live解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：Grace不想搬到纽约，因为她认为，如果她住到那里去，她就不能经常看到父母了。主句“Grace doesnt want to move to New York”说明Grace尚未搬到纽约，故此处表示的是对将来的虚拟，if引导的虚拟条件从句中可使用过去式或
31、should动词原形或were to动词原形。答案：D 3(2012福建高考)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.Avisited Bhad visitedCwould visit Dwould have visited解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我们在那个小村庄里迷了路，否则我们昨天会看到更多的名胜。本题是由otherwise引出的含蓄条件句。由时间状语yesterday可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。答案：D虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用1.表示命令、
32、建议、要求、愿望等含义的动词后宾语从句和对应的表语从句、同位语从句中用虚拟语气，形式为：(should)动词原形。常这样用的动词有：advise劝告，demand要求，desire渴望，command命令，insist坚决要求，prefer宁愿，urge主张，order命令，recommend 劝告，建议，request要求，require要求，suggest建议，以及这些词的名词形式。Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(2010福
33、建高考)师们建议父母，为了安全不要让他们12岁以下的孩子骑车上学。2wish后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气。对现在情况的假设： wish主语动词过去式(be用were)对过去情况的假设： wish主语had过去分词对将来情况的假设： wish主语would动词原形I wish that I hadnt agreed to go to Jims party, for I have to do some extra work tonight.(2012北京东城二模)我要是当时没有答应参加吉姆的聚会就好了，因为今晚我必须做一些额外的工作。3would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿
34、”。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he focused more on its culture.(2010江苏高考)乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况，但是我宁愿他更多地谈它的文化(方面的情况)。4在“It is (about/high) timethat从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should/ought to动词原形”表示虚拟语气。Its high time that we devoted ourse
35、lves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.(2012浙江六校联盟第一次联考)是我们致力于环境保护和生态改善的时候了。5as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。He stood up and offered her his seat, as if he had read her mind.他站起来给她让座，他好像读懂了她的心思。点津如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。It looks as if its
36、going to rain.天看上去似乎要下雨。6if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。Look at the trouble were in. If only we had taken our teachers advice!看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了。1(2012北京高考)Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.Ais BwereChas been Dhad been解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：不要把花瓶像它似乎是钢制的一样来拿。as if表示“似乎，好像”，引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合主句的时态可知是
37、对现在事实的虚拟，所以用一般过去时were。答案：B2(2011北京高考)Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they_always late.Awerent Bhadnt beenCwouldnt be Dwouldnt have been解析：考查虚拟语气。根据问句句意“孩子们现在在哪里？” 可知wish 后的宾语从句应用动词的过去式，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，故答案为A。答案：A课后演练提升.语法与单选1(2013长春高中毕业班第一次调研)Just as Jane is doin
38、g her homework，_ you bother her with playing the piano now?AmayBcanCmust Dshall解析：考查情态动词。句意：Jane正在写作业，你偏要现在弹钢琴打扰她吗？这里must表示“偏要，非得”，其他选项都无此用法，故选C项。答案：C2(2013陕西咸阳高三模拟)Where is Mr. Jack?He_ have gone far his mobile phone is still on the desk.Ashouldnt BmustCcouldnt Dmight解析：考查情态动词。答句句意：他不可能走远他的手机还在桌子上。
39、couldnt have done sth.意为“不可能做过某事”，表示对过去的否定推测。答案：C3(2013河北普通高中模拟)The boy_ be really annoying at times, but after a while, youll get used to him.Amust BshouldCshall Dcan解析：考查情态动词。根据句意“那个男孩有时候真的让人恼火，但是过一会儿，你就会习惯的”可知，此处应用can，表示“有时会”。答案：D4(2013江西重点中学盟校高三第一次联考)It is important to know about the cultural di
40、fferences that_ cause problems.Amust BdareCmay Dshall解析：考查情态动词。句意：了解有可能会带来麻烦的文化差异是重要的。此处may表示不确定的推测，意为“有可能”。答案：C5(2013山西部分重点高中高三联考测试)The constant rise of meat price requires that effective measures_ by the government.Amust be taken Bbe takenCwill be taken Dshould take解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：肉价的持续上涨要求政府采取有效措施。r
41、equire后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，be taken前省略了should。答案：B6(2013湖南十二校二次联考)If you dare to break the rules of the game, you_ be punished.Ashall BmightCcan Dwould解析：考查情态动词。句意：如果你敢违反比赛规则，你就会受到惩罚。shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方的许诺、命令、警告、威胁等。答案：A7(2012温州二测)It is beyond my understanding that many adults_ be so crazy about Harry P
42、otter.Awill BcanCmay Dshould解析：考查情态动词。句意：我不理解的是竟然有那么多成年人迷恋哈利波特。should表示“竟然”，符合题意。答案：D8(2013衡阳一次联考)According to the air traffic rules, you_ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.Amay BcanCwould Dshall解析：考查情态动词。句意：根据空中交通规则，在登机前，你必须关闭手机。shall用在条约、规章、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应，必须”。答案：D9(2012宝鸡二检)_ more e
43、ffort into my training, that gold medal would have been mine.AHad I put BShould I putCIf I put DIf I should put解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我训练时再努力一些，那个金牌就会是我的了。本句是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句用had过去分词。另外，当虚拟条件句中有had时，if可省略，从句主谓要倒装。故答案选A。答案：A10Should Japan insist on going its own way, it _ bear all serious consequences.Awill Bsh
44、allCshould Dcan解析：句意：如果日方一意孤行，它将承担一切后果。shall表示“警告”。答案：B11(2013哈尔滨模考)This lifeboat is for women and children only. You_ wait.Ashould BneedCcan Dwould解析：考查情态动词。句意：这种救生船只是为妇女和儿童准备的，你应该等等。should意为“应该”，往往用来向别人提建议。答案：A12(2013南通一调)Im worried about the sports meeting. Do you think it will be postponed?If it
45、_ rain tomorrow, but actually the weather forecast has removed our worry.Acould BwouldCmight Dshould解析：考查情态动词。句意：“我担心运动会。你认为它会被延期吗？”“如果明天下雨的话，但是事实上天气预报已经消除了我们的顾虑。”根据句意可知，此处是对将来事实的虚拟，故从句用should动词原形。答案：D13(2013北京西城区高三期末)Lets play football together tomorrow afternoon.OK, but how I wish I_ it as skillfu
46、lly as you.Aplayed Bhave playedChad played Dwill play解析：考查虚拟语气。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。根据句意可知此处表示与现在的事实不符的一种愿望，因此从句用一般过去时态。答案：A14(2012合肥二模)My mom always tells me that I _ be careful enough no matter what I do.Amustnt BshouldntCneednt Dcant解析：考查情态动词。句意：我妈妈总是告诉我不管我做什么，越小心越好。本句中的cant be careful enough相当于cant
47、be too careful，表示“越小心越好，再怎么小心也不过分”。答案：D15(2012南昌二模)As many as 150 miners died in the accident. If only the mine owners_ enough attention to the safety measures!Apaid Bshould payCwould pay Dhad paid解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：多达150名矿工在这次事故中遇难。要是矿主能够对安全措施给予足够的重视那该多好呀！if only表示“要是就好了”，后面的句子常用虚拟语气。该句表示对过去情况的虚拟，所以应用过去完
48、成时。答案：D.语法与阅读用所学语法知识破译下列长难句1(2012辽宁高考阅读C)Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy.结构分析本句中suggest后面跟了一个that引导的宾语从句，suggest表示“建议”，此时从句要用虚拟语气，即should动词原形。take advantage of表示“利用”，to make up for t
49、he drawbacks of Western philosophy为不定式作目的状语。尝试翻译一些社会学家建议西方人利用中国古代的智慧去弥补西方哲学的不足。2(2012湖北高考阅读C)While searching the archives (档案) for information about the universitys higher certificate for women, I was astonished to come across what must be the very letter JexBlake wrote.结构分析本句是一个复合句。while所引导的是其后面省略了
50、I was的状语从句，what must be the very letter为宾语从句，must在句中表示推测，意为“一定，肯定”，JexBlake wrote为省略引导词that的定语从句，修饰先行词letter。尝试翻译当我查找案卷寻找关于女性在大学里的高级证书时，我惊奇的意外发现了一定是JexBlake所写的那封信。3. (2012上海高考阅读B)If 5day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children, aged 3,6 and 10, wh
51、at would the lowest cost be?结构分析本句运用了if条件状语从句的虚拟语气。因为是对将来的虚拟，所以从句运用了were to，主句运用了would be。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词mother，在此定语从句中，aged 3,6 and 10为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰children。尝试翻译如果一位母亲和同事一起旅游并带着她的3岁、6岁和10岁的孩子，要买五日游的票，最低费用是多少呢？.语法与写作按要求完成下列写作佳句(用情态动词或虚拟语气完成句子)1医生建议我们要均衡饮食并养成早起的习惯。The doctor advised that we_should_have_a_balanced_diet_and_form_the_good_habit_of_getting_up_early.2令我们感到羞愧的是，我们本不应该未调查就怀疑(suspect)汤姆。What made us ashamed is that we_shouldnt_have_suspected_Tom without investigation.3戴着眼镜的那个年轻人一定是我们的新英语老师。The young man wearing a pair of glasses must_be_our_new_English_teacher.