1、2020-2021学年高一英语牛津译林版(2020)必修第一册同步课时作业（12）Unit 4 Extended reading, Project, Assessment & Further study一、填空1.effect n. _2._ 重视，注意3._ 促成，造成4.Howard is a _(talent) pianist and always gives performances around the world.5.In summer, brilliant colours are _ (fashion), because they look better and brigh
2、ter.6.The new_ (digit) technology would allow a rapid expansion in the number of TV channels.7.The _ (beautiful) of the city invites me to have a longer stay.8.Howard is a _(talent) pianist.9.This decision meets the actual condition better, _(external) and easier to be understood.10.Nowadays, people
3、 are becoming more and more stylish and _(fashion).11.She fled with her children, moving from one neighbour to another and _(end) up in a friends cellar.12.Psychologically there are two dangers to _(guard) against in old age.13.Had he _(live) up to his promise, he would have made a fortune in sponso
4、rship money.14.I could not believe my eyes. She was far _(beautiful) than I had imagined.15.In the past decades, the local government _(reduce) spending in several areas, for example education and health.二、阅读理解If you ask people to name the one person who had the greatest effect on the English langua
5、ge, you will get answers like Shakespeare, Samuel Johnson, and Webster, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didnt even speak EnglishWilliam the Conqueror. Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. In the wes
6、t-central region lived the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language, and in the north lived the Scotch, whose language, though not the same as the Welsh, was also Celtic. In the rest of the country lived the Saxons, actually a mixture of Anglos, Saxons, and other Germanic and Nordic people, who spoke what
7、 we now call Anglo-Saxon ( or Old English) , a Germanic language. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German. But this state of affairs did not last. In 1066, the Normans led by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule over England. For about a century, Frenc
8、h became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of politics and the law come from French rather than German. In some cases, modern English even shows a distinction (区别)between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in it
9、s words. We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating. When Americans
10、 visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more foreign than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does. Few realize that the English language is actually a Germanic language in its beginning and that the Fr
11、ench influences are all the result of one mans ambition.1.Before 1066, people in Britain mainly spoke_.A.Welsh and ScottishB.Celtic and Old EnglishC.Anglo-Saxon and GermanicD.Celtic and Germanic2.How did William the Conqueror have a great effect on English?A.By defeating the Saxons.B.By speaking goo
12、d English.C.By teaching people in Britain to speak English.D.By bringing French to Britain to greatly influence English.3.Why do Americans feel France is less foreign than Germany?A.There are more similarities between English and French.B.They know little of the English history.C.In France most of t
13、he advertisements appear in English.D.They know French better than German.4.What is the main idea of this passage?A.The history of Great Britain.B.The French effects on the English language.C.The difference between English and French.D.The great people who had effect on English.三、语法填空 There is a dis
14、ease sweeping (迅速传播) the world today _ is killing far more people than any other, including AIDS and SARS. That disease is obesity. The World Health Organization (WHO) stated that of the 56. 5 million _ (death) per year around the world, over 50 percent _ (cause) by diseases connected _ unhealthy di
15、ets and lack of exercise, and that many of these could have been prevented _ (full). In the face of these _ (shock) statistics, the WHO announced _ plan to fight obesity. It invited governments around the world _ (join) in the campaign to encourage its citizens to adopt a sensible diet and to take u
16、p some forms of physical activities. As part of _ (it) plan, the WHO asked governments to consider the bad effect of food advertisements on _ (encourage) people to eat unhealthy food.答案以及解析一1.答案：效果，作用；影响2.答案：pay attention to 3.答案：contribute to 4.答案：talented解析：句意为：霍华德是位有天赋的钢琴家，经常在全世界演出。修饰名词pianist应用形
17、容词形式。 5.答案：fashionable解析：句意为：鲜亮的色彩在夏季很流行，因为它们看起来更漂亮、更明快。设空处作句子表语，应用形容词形式。6.答案：digital解析：句意为：新的数字技术可使电视频道的数量迅速增多。digital technology 意为数字技术。 7.答案：beauty解析：句意为：这个城市的美丽吸引我多待上一段时间。 8.答案：talented解析：考查形容词。句意:霍华德是一名有天赋的钢琴家。形容词修饰名词,根据空后的pianist可知此处应用形容词,故应用talented。9.答案：more external解析：考查比较级。句意:这一决策更符合实际情况,更
18、直观,更容易被理解。and连接并列结构,根据空后的easier可知应用more external。10.答案：fashionable解析：考查形容词。句意:现在,人们变得越来越新潮和时尚。and连接并列结构,and前stylish为形容词,故应用fashionable。11.答案：ending解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:她和她的孩子们逃走了,从一个邻居那儿搬到了另一个邻居那儿,最后进了一个朋友的地窖。and连接并列结构,根据and前的moving可知,and后应用ending。12.答案：be guarded解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:从心理上讲,在老年时有两种危险要防范。two danger
19、s与guard之间为被动关系,故应用be guarded。13.答案：lived解析：考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他当时遵守了诺言的话,他就会从赞助费中赚了一大笔钱了。根据would have made可知,此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,当从句的谓语含有were、should had时,if可以省略,这时从句要用倒装语序,即把were、should、had提到主语前,故应用lived。14.答案：more beautiful解析：考查比较级。句意:我不能相信我的眼睛。她比我想象的要美得多。根据than可知此处应用形容词比较级,故应用more beautiful。15.答案：has reduced解
20、析：考查时态。句意:在过去的几十年里,当地政府已经减少了在几个领域的开支,例如教育和卫生。根据In the past decades可知应用现在完成时,故应用has reduced。二、答案：1-4: BDAB解析：1.细节理解题。由第二段中的In the west-central region lived the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language, and in the north lived the Scotch, whose language, though not the same as the Welsh, was also Celtic.In t
21、he rest of the country lived the Saxons, actually a mixture of Anglos, Saxons, and other Germanic and Nordic people, who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon (or Old English) 可知,1066年之前,英国人主要说凯尔特语和古英语,故选B。2.细节理解题。由第三段中的In 1066, the Normans led by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule over E
22、ngland. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants.可知,William the Conqueror把法语带到英国,极大地影响了英语,故选D。3.推理判断题。由第四段中的When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more foreign than France because the Germ
23、an they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does .(当美国人第一次访问欧洲的时候,他们经常发现德国比法国更外国,因为他们在指示牌和广告上看到的德语,同法语相比较,与英语有更多的不同。)可推知英语和法语有更多的相似之处,故选A。4.主旨大意题。全文最后一句Few realize that the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influ
24、ences are all the result of one mans ambition.是文章的主题句,结合全文内容可知,这篇文章主要讲了英语一开始是以德语为基础的,William the Conqueror使得英语更接近于法语。因此这篇文章的主旨大意是法语对英语的影响,故选B。 三、答案：which/that deaths were caused with fully shocking a to join its encouraging解析： 考查定语从句.空处引导定语从句,指代先行词 disease, 并在从句中作主语,故用关系代词which/that. 考查名词复数.空前有 the
25、56.5 million 修饰,故空处要用 death 的复数形式 deaths.考查时态和语态.主语是 over 50 percent (of deaths), 与动词 cause 之间为被动关系,且此处在描述过去的事情,故填 were caused.考查介词. be connected with 意为 与.相关的, 是固定短语.考查副词.空处修饰动词应用副词形式,故填 fully, 意为 完全地.考查形容词.空处修饰名词 statistics, 应用形容词 shocking, 意为 令人震惊的. 注意: shocked 多修饰人,表示 吃惊的,震惊的.考查冠词. plan 在此处意为 计划, 是可数名词,表泛指,且 plan 的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a.考查非谓语动词.这里为 invite sb. to do sth. 结构,表示 邀请某人做某事, 故填 to join.考查代词. plan 为名词,其前应用形容词性物主代词修饰,故填 its.考查非谓语动词. on 为介词,其后应跟动词 ing 形式 encouraging。